Interview With a Christian For those who may have not been following, or who may be new readers, I just finished doing a small series titled Interview With A Christian, in which two friends, I.B. Liberal and John Q. Christian face off concerning some objections to Christianity. I have posted all seven parts below with the original pictures and have taken off the introduction to each one with the exception of the very first interview. These intros have been replaced by title headings explaining the topic of each interview. If you happened to miss any of them, here is your chance to read the whole interview in its entirety. To note, this series was not intended to be exhaustive but only represents some of the basics of apologetics for the Christian faith. Hope you enjoy!
The following interview between the mainstream reporter, I.B. Liberal and the dedicated John Q. Christian took place completely in my mind and has no bearing on real life events. The Q & A format will be marked as I.B for the reporter and J.Q for Mr. Christian. With no further commentary, let us proceed directly with this most fascinating exchange of words.
Mr. Liberal walks into the office and shakes hands with Mr. Christian. He seats himself in the chair facing his interviewee. He pulls out his yellow legal pad, a pen, and a tape recorder. He simultaneously turns on the small recorder while reaching into his jacket pocket to put on his reading glasses. Mr. Christian reaches behind him and places his own pad of notes on his lap. The interview then begins.
I.B: Good evening, Mr. Christian. It's so nice to see you once again.
J.Q. Yes, thank you, thank you. We did have a most fascinating dialogue at the coffee shop some days ago as I recall?
I.B. That's right, we did. And that is precisely where I mean to begin with this interview, sir. You were trying to explain to me that being a Christian does not mean that you must give up all reason and intellect, nor does it imply intellectual irresponsibility. However, with all the new evidence that has popped up (especially in the last century) I don't see how your opinion is persuasive.
J.Q: How is that sir? New evidence, you say? What is this "new evidence" to which you refer?
I.B: Well, you know; the OTHER gospels. The books that the early church purposely left out so that we would not have a real or clear understanding of who Jesus really was.
J.Q: Sir, if these books you are referring to are the Gnostic gospels, or psuedopigraphas as I like to call them, for that is what they really are—false writings; then I suggest to you that you are very misinformed of the information that you have received.
I.B. Mr. Christian, may I kindly remind you that this is not my own personal opinion that I am representing here. This is the findings and consensus of mainstream scholarship.
J.Q: And what scholarship might that be?
I.B: All of the scholarship.
J.Q: Again, I am afraid that you are wrong, Mr. Liberal. There are actually only a very few that would doubt the validity and the historicity of the Bible, sir. The only mainstream scholars that I am aware of are the group of folks known as the Jesus Seminar. Besides, of the 150 members of this group, only 14 are actually experts in the field of New Testament textual criticism, for which the group makes their claims. Fourteen is a number that can hardly be construed as 'All' scholarship. There are other loose cannons out there, such as Bart Ehrman, and Richard Dawkins. However, these have both admitted their own biases towards religion and the Bible. If you approach a subject looking to concrete what you already believe you will certainly find the proof you are looking for to help you continue in that belief. But if you approach in the most objectionable manner that you possibly can you will be able to see the evidence for what it really is.
I.B: (smirks) Well, Mr. Christian. I guess the same could be said of those who believe the Bible. They are seeking to believe what they have always learned and therefore the evidence that they find "concretes" their belief. So the argument that those who are antagonistic towards the Bible because they are biased can be waved in front of your face as the opposite.
J.Q: (chuckles softly) I suppose your point carries a certain validity to it. But what of the ones who were dissuaded from their own atheistic beliefs when they did look objectively at all the evidence? There are men such as the archeologist W.M. Ramsey, who set out to disprove the Bible through archeology and then confirmed it because of the overwhelming evidence he found. Then there is the great Literary giant, C.S. Lewis, who in his own search admitted in his journal of becoming a reluctant convert; and not that his decision was easy. NO! He actually fought the idea for a very long time. And let us, please not forget some of today's premier apologists of the faith; men such as Ravi Zacharius, Josh McDowell, Allister McGrath, and many others. Certainly those men were not looking to enforce or embrace Christianity.
I.B: I see your point and I do concede that there have been many atheists and agnostics alike who have converted on the basis of "sufficient" evidence. But going back to my first point, you cannot expect me to believe that faith in a Supreme Being does not compromise my own intellect. Certainly you are not suggesting that a person can prove scientifically, without doubt three things: (1) That God exists (2) That Christianity is the supreme religion (3) That Jesus was who He claimed to be—God incarnate.
J.Q: Mr Liberal, I will answer you also with three points: (1) No one can prove that God exists for the Bible starts with this supposition. (2) If Jesus was who He claimed to be then those claims would validate this fact: (3)That Christianity is the supreme religion , for if His claims are substantiated as truth then God in the flesh truly did walk among us. But only if the claims that He made are true. I don't believe that I can persuade anyone one way or the other. Sir, the only thing I can do is to give you the clear evidence that we possess today and then let you make your own intellectual decision. However, I will tell you that I believe the Bible because all the evidence greatly favors the outcome of proposition number three. But I must also do you the service of telling you that no matter how much intellectual evidence there be, it must be the complete work of God from start to finish that worketh faith in the individual for salvation.
I.B: Yes, I certainly understand your claims, Mr Christian. (glances at watch). I'm afraid that we are out of time for today. If you don't mind, I would like to set up another date to which we can discuss the real issue to which I approached you about. I would like very much to bring up several key objections to your faith and see how you would answer them. That is, if you don't mind?
J.Q: Of course not. I would be delighted to answer any questions that you have. Please see my secretary, who also happens to be my wife, and she will give you a card for our next appointment. It was very nice talking with you, Mr. Liberal. I look forward to our next meeting and hope you will think about what was said in today's interview.
I.B: Yes, of course. Good day, sir.
J.Q: Good day.
General Objections Discussed
I.B: The last time we met we discussed a little about why it is not unintelligent to be a Christian. I brought out some scholarship from my viewpoint as did you from your viewpoint. It seems, I guess, that we ALL have our own views on these issues. But my first question is not so much a question as it is a confirmation, at least for me; that would simply be this: You were quick to point out my and other scholars' biases against the Bible and therefore our opinions became subjective rather than objective. I can concede to that notion, but only ask that you, as well admit your own biases towards the Bible and therefore conclude your own subjectivity. That is fair I should say?
J.Q: (smiles and raises his eyebrows) Mr. Liberal, may I insert something here? (does not wait for Mr. Liberal to answer but continues.) You proposed three things wrongly when you asked that question: 1.
You assumed that I meant to say that everyone who is an unbeliever deals subjectively with the Bible on the grounds of bias. My point was never meant to be taken as such. It was meant to observe a fact of those antagonists of the Bible; that fact being, "The Bible cannot be true, therefore it is not." When one starts upon those premises his conclusions will very easily lead him to such. The subjective/objective point is that we must all start without our presuppositions as much as our biases will allow us. Certainly I have my own biases but in order to critically and fairly examine evidence I must not allow that bias to be the determining factor of my outcome.
2.
Your assumption appears to be that ALL Christians are biased towards their faith. This may be true to an extent, but let it be known that the bias is most times based upon an already examination of the facts. If a person can examine the evidences without prejudice and still conclude that there is no God, then I will respect his outcome because he at least took the time to look at it. I will certainly disagree with him most heartily and probably call him a fool, but never the less I will respect it.
3. I believe you seek an easy scapegoat for your own unbelief. Sir, I have rarely met a man who, with good conscience can tell me why he does not believe in God. The first thing that is usually brought up is the order of Creation; the fact that the universe is so ordered that it is not possible that these things would happen by chance. When he persists in his unbelief (usually not based on any logic) I am well pleased to leave him in his ignorance and let the Holy Spirit of God work in him to either justify or condemn that man. You, sir are the same as those. Forgive my harsh tone, but I think you know that what I say is true. With all the years we have been friends and all the conversations we have had, you are without excuse more than any other man I have met. You are my friend and I desire that you let go of the excuses of "ignorance," for it is really willful ignorance, and to cling to the evidences which you have already been exposed to; it would be better to experience God's unfailing love within this life rather than His unquenchable wrath in the next. What do you say, chap? Feel up to an adventure? I.B: (laughs hysterically) Oh, my dear friend, Mr. Christian. You almost persuaded me to become a Christian. (his tone changes.) But enough of this nonsense. Let's get to the real point of this interview, shall we? (Mr. Christian sighs solemnly and nods.) I would like to start with my objections now. I'll start with something simple and that which is obvious: How do we know and how can we trust that the Bible is accurately the same Bible that the followers of Jesus used so many centuries ago. I mean, I am right in saying that there are no original manuscripts from the authors that survived, yes?
J.Q: That is a very good question indeed. Let's take the two major Hebrew texts that we have and use them as examples. Our texts are the Masoretic Text (MT) and the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS). The MT dates from around AD 900 and was previously the oldest Hebrew text that we possessed, close to about 1,000 years after Christ. The question of reliability was first asked by Frederic Kenyon, of the British Academy. He wondered how reliably the Masorets had been as copyists. In 1947 we found the DSS. They dated from
around 100 BC, about 100 years before Christ. Within these scrolls a complete copy of the book Isaiah was found. When compared with the MT it was found to be 95% consonantal accurate. This means that even after a 1,000 years, the Masoretes were proven to be phenomenal copyists maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the Hebrew Scriptures. Over 800 manuscripts and thousands of fragments were found along with the DSS (many were nonbiblical). The Biblical manuscripts have proven to be most extraordinary in their preservation and reliability. Coupled with archeological finds, the Hebrew text should not be considered anything less than reliable.
As for the NT, the first thing to be considered is the number of manuscripts (mss) we possess. To date, there are about 307 Uncials, 2,860 Miniscules, 2,410 Lectionaries, and 109 papyri. That brings the total mss to over 5,000. This does not even include mss from other languages. The total of all our NT mss is nearly 25,000! But not only this, the time gap between copies compared to other writings of antiquities is also extradordinary. Take for example, the classic Illiad by Homer. The time of writing is originally 800 BC. The number of surviving mss only range in the 600's. And the time gap is 400 years after the originals. Also consider Thucidydes' History Annals which was written around 460 BC. Its surviving Mss are a mere 8 with an incredible 1300 years between the original and the earliest copy.
Three other areas to consider for the reliability of the NT are (1) Early church father sources (2) Accuracy from other ancient languages (3) ExtraBiblical sources.
First, we have writings of the early church fathers that remain unto this day. The quotes from Scripture that they include total a startling 36,000 + times. Every book from the NT is either quoted from or paraphrased. Even if we had no copies of NT MSS in our possession today, the extent to which the church fathers quoted could have reproduced the entire NT for us. And because the church fathers are close to the originals it can most certainly be ascertained that the NT we hold in our hands today accurately represents the original autographs. In fact, Dr. Gleason Archer, a man who studied more than thirty languages and taught many for over thirty years, stated in his book Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, stated: As I have dealt with one apparent discrepancy after another and have studied the alleged contradictions between the Biblical record and the evidence of linguistics, archaeology, or science, my confidence in the trustworthiness of Scripture has been repeatedly verified and strengthened by the discovery that almost
every problem in Scripture that has ever been discovered by man, from ancient times until now, has been dealt with in a completely satisfiactory manner by the biblical text itself.
Second, is the testimony of other Ancient languages. Ancient literature was rarely translated into other tongues. The accuracy with which these have been copied into the other languages supports the accuracy of textual transmission.
Third, are the extraBiblical sources for the testimony of the NT and Jesus Christ. Eusibius, the historian preserves the work of Papias, the bishop of Heirapolis. Papias confirms that Mark was sort of a scribe for the apostle Peter, writing down the works and sayings of Christ. He also comments on the gospel of Matthew, giving credit to two of the gospels as well as Peter's own writings. Irenaeus was the bishop of Lyons and a studend of Polycarp of whom was the disciple of the apostle John. Irenaeus records Polycarp's teachings of all the gospels as he learned them from John and stated, "So firm is the ground upon which these Gospels rest, that the very heretics themselves bear witness to them."
There are also nonChristian witnesses to record the early beliefs and practices of the Christian church: Tacitus, a 1st century Roman hisorian, Suetonis, chief secretary to Emperor Hadrian, Josephus, 1st centurey historian as well as member of the Pharisee sect, Thallus; only a few fragments of his writings remain but he is quoted by Julius Africanus in his writings in AD 221. There is also Pliny the Younger who was a Roman administrator. He gives a description of how and when the early Christians met together to worship. There are many, many more from which I could quote but I suppose that these should suffice for the kind of evidence that you are inquiring about.
I.B: Very well, Mr. Christian. I had no doubt that you would be able to answer the question of the integrity of your Bible. But now, I would like to propose another question.
J.Q: Of course, sir.
I.B: Please answer this charge: If God exists and He is loving, good, and kind, how is it that He is either unable or unwilling to put evil to rest? How can you call Him good?
God and evil
J.Q: I suppose that the problem of God and evil has been at the heart of many a debate between Christians and agnostics for as long as the Creation itself. Your proclamation is that since evil is present in the world then God cannot either exist or He is unable and/or unwilling to stop it. However, that is an assumption that is extremely fallacious. The reason that evil exists is because human beings exist. God has given to each individual the capability of wrong and right action. He has "drawn" the line for us, if you will, of morality and decency. Just as the Scripture declares For when Gentiles who do not have the Law do instinctively the things of the Law, these, not having the Law, are a law to themselves, in that they show the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them (Ro 2:1415) Of course, Paul is comparing the Jews with the Gentiles in regards to the law but the point that he makes here is that even the lawless have a standard of right or wrong. When a person crosses that line his conscience is pricked and he knows that he has done wrong. That is why he hurts inside because he has purposely and in some cases premeditated that crossing. We cannot claim culpability for our actions and neither can we accuse anyone of forcing the action upon us. If we do, this ultimately leaves the society as it is today—passing the buck!
I.B: Yes, I understand very well what you are saying, Mr. Christian. But what of the problem of God not stopping the evil?
J.Q: Mr Liberal, have you not listened to anything that I have told you? God has already given to each man the ability of right and wrong. When we do wrong and then blame others (or God) for our actions we are simply doing what every human tries to do when confronted with the problem: we search for the scapegoat or fall guy to keep us from absorbing the consequences. Take for instance our very first parents Adam and Eve:
They heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden. "Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat?" The man said, "The woman whom You gave to be with me, she gave me from the tree, and I ate." Then the LORD God said to the woman, "What is this you have done?" And the woman said, "The serpent deceived me, and I ate (Gen 3:8, 11b, 1213)
Do you see what just happened, Mr. Liberal. Each person tried to blame someone else for the action. Adam blamed God and Eve and Eve pointed her finger to the serpent. A further reading reveals that God did indeed curse the serpent for his devious actions. But God also judged the actions for every individual involved. All had a part to play and all had a share in the judgment. Taking this into consideration, one may conclude that God is certainly just in His judgments since all were judged fairly and without prejudice, of which we could expect from a good God.
I.B: (Mr. Liberal laughs softly and shakes his head) Mr. Christian, there is a HUGE difference between eating a forbidden apple and something as heinous as murder or rape. In fact, I see no comparison between the two. When given the fact of death and violent crimes everyday in this country, and given that innocent people are harmed, children thrown by the wayside, and criminals usurping rights they should never have, it leaves little to be desired for belief in a good God, and if you will, sir, frankly leaves a bad taste in my mouth. How someone could continue in that kind of belief is beyond my comprehension.
J.Q: My friend, if you are simply looking for the why rather than the Who I am afraid that you will always be frustrated and never really find the answers that you are seeking.
I.B: I'm not sure I'm following what you're saying.
J.Q: It seems that the answer to the dilemma that you are looking for is for God to control or restrain every single evil action or evil compulsion that man has. This is not part of God's character; not that God desires evil, but that ultimately the evil in this world will work out God's glory and majesty. The fact that God chooses NOT to restrain a person (although He has in the past) does not make Him not good. After all, we must consider His own people as well. If you are very well read in Church History you will know that the early church suffered great cruelty under many emperors and kings. What purpose could this
possibly serve? Well, the church was practically built upon the blood of these saints and apostles. Now it seems quite queer to choose to establish a church through blood, but God will never fail to use the method which will bring Him the most glory. And so it is with the evil in this world. But there is also another point to consider when we talk about evil; that point is the person of Satan. Of this being, Scripture affirms, We know that we are of God, and that the whole world lies in the power of the evil one (1Joh 5:19).
The Bible also calls Satan the god of this age and that he has blinded the eyes of those who do not believe. Since God has given Satan certain perimeters in which he can work, Satan most certainly takes advantage of it. But never the less, God is still in control.
Another point to consider, friend is this: Do not fool yourself into thinking that EVERY person that is "victimized" is innocent. There are consequences to everything that we choose to do. Grant it, it was wrong for the man to murder the woman, but had the woman not been a prostitute she would have never been placed in that sort of danger. It is evil to shoot someone dead on the street, but the man who is dead would have still been alive if he had not been involved in dealing drugs or maybe other illegal activities. It is not right and a very wicked thing for a man to rape a woman, but should the woman flaunt her body and show everything in such a tempting way for others to purposely look simply because she "has the looks"? I am not advocating that one is in the right and the other in the wrong. I am simply referring back to the earlier point of Adam and Eve, in that all parties play a part and must accept the consequences for their actions. But let me make one thing very clear. I do believe that there are those who are truly innocent. And it is the work of the evil one, Satan (within the Sovereignty of God) that is behind these things.
I.B: Very good and well sir. But what of the fact that your very own Bible portrays God Himself as the murderer? Your Bible states that God commanded that every last person, including babies, to be slaughtered. How can that be construed as good?
J.Q: The passage you are referring is 1Samuel 15. The command is to completely and utterly destroy the Amalakites. Four hundred years earlier the Amalakites had attacked Israel at their weakest point, only about two months after leaving Egypt. Not only this, but the Israelites were the smallest of nations (and
the weakest) while the Amalakites were the strongest. They attacked them from the rear preying on the weak and helpless. Compare it to today's culture and it would essentially be the equivalent of a bunch of young teenagers preying on the elderly. Their actions were uncalled for and they deserved their just due. The fact that God gave them the space of four hundred years to repent shows extreme mercy on God's part.
I.B: But why the babies and children Mr. Christian? It hardly seems profitable.
J.Q: I can't rightly answer that Mr. Liberal. God wanted the evil purged and this is what He had commanded. I'm afraid that it is an area where we will have to be content to let God be God.
I.B: That is certainly a hard pill to swallow. That is why I cannot bring myself to submit to God. If One such as He could allow so much pain and suffering simply to glorify Himself, then why I should I bow my knee to Him?
J.Q: I'm afraid that is a question that you shall have to resolve on your own, Mr. Liberal.
The Gnostic gospels: Thomas & Peter
I.B: Good afternoon, Mr. Christian. I hope you are doing well.
J.Q: Yes, I'm doing quite fine. It's always fantastic to meet at other places rather than a dreary office.
I.B: Yes, it is. But never mind that. I want to jump right into this interview. Our talk about God and evil left me a little angry the last time and I have simply resolved that I may never understand it or your view of it. I can certainly live with that. But there is another issue that I would like to bring up. I want to discuss the other gospels that were purposely left out of the church canon. These certainly give a quite entirely different view of Jesus and in recent years have begun to be somewhat of a challenge to the Orthodox view of how Jesus is seen. Can you comment on that?
J.Q: I almost have to laugh at that, sir. You speak as if the things you were saying are already well established. The only thing that has been established is that these socalled gospels do exist. But they in no way threaten the traditional view of Jesus. I shall be glad to tell you what I know about these writings. I shall start with the most infamous one; the one that this Jesus Seminar seems to endorse quite a bit; that being The Gospel of Thomas. Let me start with a little history of this gospel: In early church writings there is preserved for us something called the Gospel of Thomas that the church fathers warned their congregations about. It was purportedly a false gospel and the church fathers completely and unanimously rejected it. Then in the 1890's some fragments were found in Oxyrhyncus, Egypt. These fragments were in Greek and were stored away until the Nag Hammadi was found. There, archeologists found a copy of the Gospel of Thomas in the Coptic language. For a long time it was believed that the Greek version was earlier than the Coptic version. However, now it is believed that the orginal Thomas was written in Syriac. Now this is the odd thing about the Thomas writing: It quotes from over half the books of the NT. Not until late 2nd century (around AD 150) do we see this phenomena preserved in the writings of the church fathers.
I.B: Then you are most certainly implying that the Thomas gospel is very late, rather than early as some scholars would suggest?
J.Q: Absolutely! Going back to history, a gentleman by the name of Tatian wrote a harmonization of the gospels into Syriac called the Diatesseron. These were not separate gospels as we have in our Bibles today but rather a writing mixing all the gospels together into one single collection. And here is another point about Thomas. Thomas reflects much of John's writings as well as some of Paul's. If John was written in the AD 90's how can scholars give it a date before then?
I.B: Maybe John borrowed from Thomas.
J.Q: That's what many would like to believe. But consider this: in the Thomas gospel, he refers to himself as Judas Thomas. Where do you ever see in the synoptics or John as Thomas being referred to that? Not to mention that the name Judas Thomas is found no where else but in the Syrian church.In fact, Dr. Craig Evans, Ph.D. and former professor for more than twenty years at Trinity Western University, as well as visiting professor at Princeton, and founder of the Dead Sea Scrolls Institute, said this about the much
Syriac influence of the Gospel of Thomas:
If you read Thomas in Greek or or Coptic, it looks like the 114 sayings aren't in any particular order. It appears to be just a random collection of what Jesus supposedly said. But if you translate it into Syriac, something extremely intriguing emerges. Suddenly, you discover more than five hundred Syrian catchwords that link virtually all the 114 sayings in order to help people memorize the gospel. In other words, Saying 2 is followed by Saying 3 because Saying 2 refers to a certain word that's then contained in Saying 3. And Saying 3 has a certain word that leads you into Saying 4. It was a memorization aid
All this I refer to, in order to say this: Dr. Evans gives a date of no earlier than AD 175 or later; sometime after the Diatessaron was written. There are a number of other red flags that pop out in Thomas that give it away. A lot of this gospel reflects the views of the Syrian church. Evans also points this out by referring to the fact that the Syrian church was into ascetics and mysticism, which is so prevalent in Thomas. All of this points to the fact this gospel was simply a sham in order to gain a following.
I.B: You make your case very well, Mr. Christian. What about some of the other gospels such as Peter or Mary?
J.Q: Right. I'll start with Peter and the next time we agree to meet we'll talk about Mary and perhaps Judas. Let me start by explaining something. When one examines a document of antiquity to see if it is historically reliable, he/she looks for certain things. One of those things is the writer’s acquaintances with the customs, people, and familiarity of the surroundings for the time era of when the writing supposedly took place. (pauses for a long time, as if waiting for a response. Mr. Liberal finally takes the bait).
I.B: Okay. And how does this affect the Gospel of Peter?
J.Q: Let me give a little background on the writing itself, first. Then I'll explain. This gospel was found inside the coffin of a 9th century monk in Akhmim, Egypt in the 1880's. The fragment had no end or no beginning, but because Peter is supposedly narrating it scholars thought that it was the lost gospel of Peter to which Church historian Eusebius refers to that was circulating around and labeled as a false gospel.
I.B: (smiles and crosses his arms.) I've no doubt that you intend to tell me the errors of this gospel as well.
J.Q: Of course I am. If I didn't we would not have opposing views and therefore would not be doing this interview, would we?. Let's see. Where should I start? First, no one is even sure this is the lost gospel that is referred to. The Bishop Serapion stated that the false Gospel of Peter portrayed Jesus in a docetic way.
I.B: Meaning He didn't have a real physical body. It only appeared as such.
J.Q: Exactly! Yet in the Akhmim fragment there is no trace of Doceticism because Jesus actually dies and is buried in a tomb. That is something Docetists did not adhere to.
I.B: There are a few who would date this gospel very early. In fact, I believe it is Frank Crossan that dates it to around the AD 50's? His claim is that the other gospels are based on this one.
J.Q: And I'm sure that he would love everyone to believe that. There is no way that the Gospel of Peter is an early document.
I.B: Please explain.
J.Q: Going back to my very first point about what historians look for, The gospel of Peter is very shoddy. Whoever the author is, he has no knowledge of 1st century Jewish burial customs. The writer has the priests spending the night and pitching a tent by the tomb to watch over the grave. This is just simply something a priest would never do for he would defile himself and not be able to perform his priestly duties if he did. Also, in the very last section Peter refers to "We twelve disciples." I thought that was a bit strange, considering that Judas had hung himself before the crucifixion ever took place. Surely the real Peter would not have counted Judas among the twelve and Matthias does not replace Judas until just before Pentecost. A second point about the last part is that Peter and the others take up fishing on the last day of the Passover. According to Ex 12:1416 it was strictly forbidden to work on the first and last day of the Passover. Now I am sorry, but no lawabiding Jew would break that commandment. Even if he was sorrowful and didn't care about it, he surely would have been confronted by the priests and elders of that
day. Third, the writer seems to blend a little of Matthew and John together. The story of Peter and some of the other disciples going fishing is found in Joh 21. This event took place AFTER the Passover, not on the last day. Again, it is evident that the writer of this gospel was ignorant of time frames and Jewish customs.
I.B: Very well, Mr. Christian. I see our time has once again expired. On the next occasion we shall talk more about the Gospels of Judas and Mary.
J.Q: Yes, indeed. We shall, Mr. Liberal.
The Gnostic gospels: Mary & Judas
I.B: I would like to talk for a moment about the Gospel of Mary. Many scholars have suggested that Mary Magdalene and Jesus had an intimate relationship; perhaps they were even married and had children. If this is so it would completely discredit Jesus and the testimony of His disciples. What is your view of this?
J.Q: (laughs softly and then responds). If by scholars, you mean Dan Brown and Micheal Baigent then I'm afraid that I cannot take you too seriously. The gospel of Mary is certainly a forge. First, there is no proclamation in Mary, nor any other early writing, to suggest that Jesus was ever married to her or any other woman. This is simply a fictitious ploy by Brown in order to sell books and movie tickets. There is absolutely no evidence to back up this claim. But other questions arise as well. If Jesus had been married to Mary Magdalene, why then on the cross did He only provide for His mother and not His wife? Surely He would have made provisions for His spouse and provided He had children as some claim would have certainly did such. Second, too much of the gospel is missing and can go in any direction that one wishes it to go in; especially away from an orthodox, already accepted teaching of the early church. People's imaginations have run so wild that whole commentaries have been written on the gospel of Mary. How can this be since it barely takes up four pages in print? Second, most of Mary is a twisting of Jesus' original sayings. For example, in chapter 4:31 Mary has Jesus proclaiming to be of good cheer and joyous about nature. It seems to be a twisted version of Joh 16:33. A second example is found in verse 26 where
Jesus claims that there is no sin except what man makes. This is clearly an agnostic interpretation of sin and certainly not that of the early church. The early church implicitly spoke of the fallen nature of man. Look at the entire chapter of Romans 1 for a prime example of this. Another prime example of gnostic influence comes near the end of this gospel in chapter 8:23 where Jesus is proclaiming Himself to be the offspring of and Aeon. This again is not an early teaching of the church, for Php 2:511 was a hymn taught to the early church within a few years of its inception in order to affirm, not reject, Christ as God.
I:B: What about the gospel of Judas? Do you see that as having any reliable, historical information about the real Jesus?
J.Q: Oh, goodness no! The whole thing is a complete contradictory to the authentic gospels. First, they claim to be "secret sayings" of which Jesus told to Judas. He supposedly teaches Judas about the self generated spirit that no one has ever been told. I mean, it is absolutely preposterous to think that Judas is the only guy He would even approach to learn this stuff when He already had chosen His inner three, Peter, James, and John. This clearly has an agnostic flavor to it. Not only to mention that Jesus refers to the disciples' "god" over and over, suggesting that He was a polytheist. No scholar in their right mind would have suggested that a Jew would be a polytheist in 1st century Palestine. Even if it were the belief of some, they would not have openly proclaimed it as Jesus supposedly did with His disciples. Surely He would have been confronted about that issue more than His claims of Deity. Another peculiarity of Judas is the fact that much of the teachings come from a group called the Cainites. These people had a habit of immortalizing popular villains of the Bible. Groups of people, such as Sodom and Gomorrah, Cain, and naturally Judas. This group believed that God was evil and thus anyone hated of God was a true hero. Go figure? One last thing about Judas; it is believed to be this gospel that early church father Irenaeus supposedly wrote about in his work Against Heresies. Gnosticism was rampant in the 2nd century and the church fathers battled it constantly. This gospel reeks with gnosticism, which promotes polytheism. If your going to believe that this gospel is actually genuine then you might as well convert to Mormonism.
The Jesus Papers
I.B: Our last two discussions had us engaging each other about these alternative gospels. Despite some
scholar's dating of these documents you gave evidence and reasonable doubt as to their authenticity. Today, I would like to discuss one last document before we move on to our next interview. I would like to look at The Jesus Papers. This is certainly an important find, for the papers claim that Jesus Himself wrote it. It makes claims that He actually never intended to express Deity in His teachings but only sought to recognize that He embodied the Spirit of God within Himself.
J.Q: (Rolls his eyes and smiles.) I have a feeling this is going to be a very short interview, Mr. Liberal.
I.B: I guess you intend to discredit this work as well, Mr. Christian?
J.Q: No, certainly not. This work discredits itself!
I.B: I'm going to go ahead and ask, why?
J.Q: I'm glad you did ask. Let's review this right from the start. First, is the matter of the author himself. Here is a man along the same lines as Dan Brown. He is no historian nor has he any credentials of any kind to speak as a spokesman regarding these so called papers, which by the way he still has to produce.
I.B: What do you mean, sir?
J.Q: A little digging about these papers will tell any serious scholar the serious flaws behind Baigent's wild claims. Baigent supposedly met someone who uncovered two parchments of papers underneath a house in Jerusalem in the 1960's. The man showed him these documents, both of them were written in Aramaic, which he had in a room underneath glass. The document was supposedly verified by two scholarly archaeologists who then confirmed that the papers dated to around the time of the crucifixion. There are several things wrong with Baigent's claims: 1.
Because of the moisture of the ground in Jerusalem, there is no way for the documents to survive for 2,000 years without being destroyed. Jerusalem is not the driest place and in many cases have even had snow. In order for the documents to survive they would have to have been in a warm, dry place, such as where the Dead Sea Scrolls were found.
2.
No one but Baigent has ever seen these papers. He won't identify his source (or my guess is that he can't because he made it all up) so there is no way to verify whether or not these documents actually exist.
3.
Baigent has claimed that the documents are written in Aramaic. He has admitted he cannot read Aramaic nor can this supposed antiquities dealer who has the documents.
4.
These supposed archaeologists that confirmed their authenticity (and I might add that these were the only two that saw them) are both dead. So again, we have no way of a true verification of these documents.
5. Lastly, Baigent's degrees are not of any historical value. He does have degrees in Psychology and Mysticism but nothing that would certainly qualify him to establish his theory that these documents are genuine. And it is absolutely amazing the subtitle that Baigent puts on his book: "Exposing the greatest coverup in history." (Mr. Christian laughs so hard that he doubles over.) I mean, this guy is just a piece of work. Here is a man who writes fiction that he deems as history and makes it into a best seller. No one questions him or his credibility and he gets famous off of it. In my humble opinion, Mr. Liberal, this was just his ploy to make a name for himself so that he could ride the gravy train for awhile.
I.B: Why do you suppose so many people, and Christians at that, fall for such shoddy scholarship?
J.Q: People are always looking for something new. Anytime something comes along that seems to break away from the norm, people flock to it. This especially includes religion. People are not content to have the God of the Bible. He doesn't fit their mold and they would love to have a god they can control. This is why you have so many different religions and sects of religions. All of them disagree to one point or another about God or a god and break off to form the "right" way of worship. Jesus warned of this in Matthew when he said,"So if anyone tells you, 'There he is, out in the desert,' do not go out; or, 'Here he is, in the inner rooms,' do not believe it." Jesus clearly warns people not to fall for just any other doctrine. 1John 4:1 also tells us to test the spirits to see whether they are from God. Remember, both these passages are addressing believers and not unbelievers. If Jesus Himself gave us these warnings, how much more should we pay attention to those claiming to speak for God or those who claim to have found a "different" Jesus? We should NOT give any heed to them lest our souls suffer the eternal consequences.
I.B: Very well, Mr. Christian. I thank you so much for your time, however brief it was. I should like to conduct one final interview with you regarding the resurrection of Christ. We will meet again to discuss this at your convenience.
J.Q: I would love to, Mr. Liberal. Sometime in the middle of the week will be fine for me.
I.B: Very well. I shall see you then. Good day.
The Resurrection
I.B: It appears, for our last bit of time together, we will be discussing the topic of the resurrection of Christ. This is a most important topic for you Christians because you claim that all of your religion and beliefs stand or fall upon the resurrection. Although all of the basic doctrines are considered essential for, ahem, "salvation," this one is particularly important. Why is that?
J.Q: For one very simple reason: the Scripture says so. We are told in 1Co 15:17 that if the resurrection of Christ has not taken place then the Christian faith is in vain. This is truth, for it is the proof that God was indeed satisfied with the Jesus' death on the cross as payment for the believer's sin.
I.B: I think I understand the importance of your belief in the resurrection. What I am concerned with this afternoon is scrutinizing the actual event itself. I mean, is this event fact or fiction? Does history support an actual resurrection or is there some other logical explanation? These are precisely the things that I wish to explore today. My first point has to do with examining the historicity of the resurrection itself. How can use history to prove a miracle? It just does not seem likely.
J.Q: Well, if you start with the premise that miracles cannot happen, it seems illogical. But if the resurrection did happen then it is a miracle and you must start with that assumption. I mean, the Christian faith is based upon miracles; the fact that a God exists who performs extra ordinary things in order to validate the message He is sending. Thus, Jesus' resurrection should be construed as such. The fact that
God raised Him from the dead and He appeared to more than five hundred people at a time makes this nothing short of a miracle. Although I will not tell you that history can prove this one hundred percent, I can tell you for one hundred percent that all the evidence we have points to a resurrection. When this fact is taken into consideration rather than beginning with any negative opinions then the evidence we have will make much more sense.
I.B: What of the other objections brought out by scholars? Objections such as, His disciples stole His body and fabricated the resurrection story; or that Jesus merely swooned on the cross and the damp, cool air of the tomb revived Him; or better yet, Jesus never died or was never crucified in the first place. If any of these turn out to have any validity then the whole theory is shot out of the water.
J.Q: Yes indeed, Mr. Liberal. You are correct in saying such a thing. But there is always the big 'if,' that must be factored in. Does the historical evidence we possess point to a resurrection, or does it take us down another path yet to be discovered? Let me answer your first objections and then we can move on:
1. The charge that the disciples stole the body. First, we are told that Pilate sent a guard to the tomb. A Roman guard usually consisted of about four to six soldiers. They were trained to defend their territory upon pain of death. In other words, they would defend it or they would all die trying. To suggest that a bunch of scared disciples hiding behind locked doors would attempt to steal the body of their Master is a bit farfetched. If they were afraid of the religious leaders, how much more do you thing they feared the Romans?
2. The charge that Jesus merely swooned on the cross. This is probably the most ridiculous theory that I have ever heard. It totally ignores the the kind of beating and physical trauma that Jesus endured. Even if Jesus somehow managed to "revive" in the tomb, He certainly would not have had the strength to move a two ton stone, much less to appear to His disciples and convincingly tell them that He had risen from the dead.
3. The charge that Jesus never died on the cross. This is a charge proposed mainly by the Muslim community, at least today. We have plenty of sources that tell us that Jesus died for certain, and with no doubt. The most obvious of these are the gospels. Matthew records for us the several women present at the crucifixion who had followed Jesus. Also, he tells us of Joseph of Arimathea asking for the body of Jesus. Surely someone would have known if it had not been Jesus crucified on the cross. Some might argue that if His own friends had known they would have most certainly kept their mouths shut so as not to endanger their leader. The only problem with this theory is that the chief priests and many of His accusers were present at the cross, as was the soldiers who mocked and beat Him. They would have certainly known if a switcharoo had been pulled. Mark's gospel is almost parallel with Luke's. They both record the Simon of Cyrene event, and all four gospels confirm that it is Joseph of Arimathea who received the body of Jesus. But more than these things, secular history gives us a reliable record as well. Josephus gives a brief statement concerning this event: Now there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man; for he was a doer of wonderful works, a teacher of such men as receive the truth with pleasure. He drew over to him both many of the Jews and many of the Gentiles. He was [the] Christ. And when Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men amongst us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him; for he appeared to them alive again the third day; as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten thousand other wonderful things concerning him. And the tribe of Christians, so named from him, are not extinct at this day.
Tacitus also gives us an account of the Nero incident, stating that Jesus had been tried, condemned, and executed as criminal. Both of these men were historians that lived in the first century. This gives us a powerful testimony that Christ actually did die and not only appeared to die.
I.B: I have heard that there is some kind of doubt as to whether the document of Josephus that mentions
Jesus is only valid. Many claim that it was added by a Christian scribe to give credence to Jesus' Messiahship. How would you answer that charge?
J.Q: That is absolutely astounding! Of course, they would not doubt any other writing of Josephus but that which mentions Jesus as the Christ. But if they do not doubt any of the others, there must be taken into account these things: First, the record of John the Baptist. He taught the same message as Jesus and identified Jesus as the Christ. Second, Josephus lived in the first century and surely had interactions with Christians. He knew well what they believed about Jesus and what they claimed, so there would have been no real reason for a Christian scribe to even interject his own opinions to give validity to the religion. Third, by the time Josephus wrote the history down, Christianity had spread throughout nearly the entire empire. Many of the apostles had already been martyred; Stephen, James, the son of Zebedee, Peter, and Paul, just to name a few. Had there been any doubt as to the claim of Jesus' identity, Josephus was sure to make mention of it, which he did. And this is the piece that these socalled scholars doubt. Fourth, Antiquities is NOT the only place where Josephus mentions Christ. In his Discourse to the Jews on Hades, he makes reference to Jesus by saying, For all men, the just as well as the unjust, shall be brought before God the word: for to him hath the Father committed all judgment : and he, in order to fulfill the will of his Father, shall come as Judge, whom we call Christ.
Can they doubt about both portions of his writings? They probably would.
I.B: There is another point I would like to bring up. There are many who hold to the tradition that Jesus never died because the word used to describe His "death" is the Greek word, σῶμα , which they say is ONLY used of live, never dead persons or corpses. How would you answer that?
J.Q: Again, they are only speculating. Consider the passage in Acts 9:3637 concerning the story of Tabitha. She died and they washed her soma (body). Also, this same word is used for Joseph of Arimathea when he asked for the soma of Jesus; this is an obvious reference to asking for His corpse. One final example is found in John 19:31. The religious leaders are getting nervous as sunrise approaches. You
see, the Passover would officially begin at sunset and it would be a very bad thing to leave the bodies on the cross for an entire week, not to mention the horrible stench. So the religious leader go and ask Pilate to have all the legs broken. This way the would asphyxiate and die much quicker. They then would be able to remove the somas from the crosses, therefore not having to defile themselves before the feast week began.
I.B: What about the socalled hallucinations?
J.Q: One or two, I might understand. But over five hundred people seeing the same thing at the same time! That's an impossibility (no pun intended, my friend).
I.B: None taken. What other proofs do you offer?
J.Q: Well, several. FACT: the tomb was empty. To this day no one can give any real or solid logical reason why it should have been; no one that is, except these dimwitted, halfbrained nit wits who call themselves scholars. And may I remind you, it takes more than a knowledge of the original languages and a piece of paper to be a scholar. It boils down to objective, rather than subjective critical examinations.
FACT: The disciples believed that they saw a risen Christ and they died for that belief. Now, anyone can die for a belief, and even for a lie. But how many people do you know would die for something they KNOW is a lie. Can you imagine the apostles getting ready to face death for something they had invented? I don't know about you, but I would have recanted immediately if it was simply a made up story.
FACT: Had the body of Jesus been in another tomb unbeknownst to the disciples, someone surely would have produced it, thus ending the resurrection theory.
FACT: There is also the 'embarrassment' factor. All of the gospel accounts record that the women were the first to see the risen Christ. None of the gospel writers would have kept this account and made themselves look bad, unless it was truth and they were more interested in something incredible than they were of protecting their own dignities.
FACT: Some of early Christianities biggest skeptics testified to seeing the risen Christ. Paul, for example, recounts several times his own conversion.
I.B: You know, there are many that have said that Paul supposedly felt guilty over this persecution and this made him susceptible to conversion when he "hallucinated" on the road to Damascus.
J.Q: Yes, I am aware of that nonsense. But think about it. Why would a guy who was fast climbing the ranks of his religious system even care? He admits himself that it was his zeal for these top positions that caused him to persecute hard the Christians. Paul was not seeking to even become one himself. In fact, he was on his way to Damascus to arrest as many as he could find. And then there is the record that those with him heard a voice and saw the same bright light that he himself saw. I'm afraid it was not guilt or a hallucination that converted Paul. It was nothing less than the risen Son of God!
I.B: Did not Paul only believe in a spiritual resurrection and not a physical one? This is stated in 1 Corinthians 15:44.
J.Q: Again, most of this is taken out of context. Most of the Jews, with the exception of the Sadducees, believed in a physical, bodily, resurrection. This is clearly seen in other places in Corinthians and Paul's other writings. Another strong example for this is in john 11, at the raising of Lazarus. When Jesus questions Martha about her faith in Him, she replies that she knows Lazarus will be raised at in the last day. This certainly implies a physical resurrection. Matthew records that the bodies of some of the holy saints came out of their graves after the resurrection of Jesus. A good thing to note is that Paul's experience came AFTER Jesus had descended into Heaven and so his description would certainly be different. The apostles are also noteworthy. They were on trial and in hot water with the Sanhedrin because of Jesus' physical resurrection, not a spiritual one. If it had been merely spiritual and not physical, they could have simply said so and saved themselves a bunch of pain.
I.B: Well, Mr. Christian. It seems as if our time has slipped away from us once more. You have answered my questions thoroughly and to my satisfaction. I thank you for taking time to do this series of interviews.
J.Q: You are certainly welcome, my good sir. And I hope that you will consider everything we have
discussed over these seven interviews. I would be thrilled to have gained another brother in the Lord.
I.B: I would not be too excited at this point. There are still too many unquestioned answers in my mind and I would like to work through those before making any decisions.
J.Q: I certainly understand. Please, do not wait too long.
With that, both men shake hands and leave.