Internet & E-commerce

Internet & E-Commerce HARISH MORWANI [email protected]

What Is the Internet? • A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources • The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

2 Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA

What is the Internet? • The largest network of networks in the world. • Uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching .

Dr. Vinton Cerf, Creator of TCP/IP

Internet Growth Trends

Internet Growth Trends • • • • • • • • • • •

1977: 111 hosts on Internet 1981: 213 hosts 1983: 562 hosts 1984: 1,000 hosts 1986: 5,000 hosts 1987: 10,000 hosts 1989: 100,000 hosts 1992: 1,000,000 hosts 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts 2002: over 200 million hosts By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

Internet: The Present Scenario • Today, there are billions of websites carrying terabytes of information, which can be accessed at the click of mouse. Problem is the slow speed of access. People are using telephone lines for the same. New technologies are addressing this problem

Internet: The Future • • • • •

Digital Wallets Virtual Tourism Internet as Information Warehouse Virtual Classrooms Web TV

E-Mail • Electronic mail (abbreviated "e-mail" or, often, "email") is a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems. • Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds

Internet Relay Chat • Internet Relay Chat (IRC) enables people all over the world to talk together over the Internet in real-time sessions in virtual rooms. • To join an IRC discussion, you need an IRC client and Internet access. The IRC client is a program that runs on your computer and sends and receives messages to and from an IRC server. The IRC server, in turn, is responsible for making sure that all messages are broadcast to everyone participating in a discussion

Internet Telephony A category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls. For users who have free, or fixed-price Internet access, Internet telephony software essentially provides free telephone calls anywhere in the world. To date, however, Internet telephony does not offer the same quality of telephone service as direct telephone connections.

Internet Fax • The user can send a fax through the Internet to the fax service provider from either a fax machine or a computer, which automatically routes the fax to its destination through the Internet

Internet Paging • Also known as Buddy List Software • A Buddy List is a window that shows all your buddies (friends, family, coworkers, and others) who are online. Whenever they sign on, their screen names appear in your Buddy List, and you can communicate with them instantly.

File Transfer Protocol • FTP or file transfer protocol is used to connect two computers over the Internet so that the user of one computer can transfer files and perform file commands on the other computer. • There are two computers involved in an FTP transfer: a server and a client. The FTP server, running FTP server software, listens on the network for connection requests from other computers. The client computer, running FTP client software, initiates a connection to the server. Once connected, the client can do a number of file manipulation operations such as uploading files to the server, download files from the server, rename or delete files on the server and so on.

Usenet • An Internet-based bulletin board that consists of a set of "newsgroups" with names that are classified hierarchically by subject. "Articles" or "messages" are "posted" to these newsgroups by people on computers with the appropriate software -these articles are then broadcast to other interconnected computer systems via a wide variety of networks.

World Wide Web •

A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files. This means you can jump from one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots. Not all Internet servers are part of the World Wide Web.

Intranets What are Intranets? • Intranet is Intra+ Net so an Intranet is an internal or private Internet used strictly within the boundaries of a company, university, or organization. "Inter" means "between or among," hence the difference between the Internet and an Intranet.

A technical Intranets definition • An Intranet is a network based on the internet TCP/IP open standard. An intranet belongs to an organization, and is designed to be accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with

Extranet • An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity, and possibly the public telecommunication system to securely share part of an organization's information or operations with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers or other businesses. An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's Intranet that is extended to users outside the company (eg: normally over the Internet).

Extranet A private internet over the Internet".

Applications Companies can use an extranet to: • Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or those "in the trade" • Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts • Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies • Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks • Share news of common interest exclusively with partner companies

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS  Virtual Private Network is a type of private network that uses public telecommunication, such as the Internet, instead of leased lines to communicate.  Became popular as more employees worked in remote locations.

Private Networks vs. Virtual Private Networks

 Employees can access the network (Intranet) from remote locations.  Secured networks.  The Internet is used as the backbone for VPNs  Saves cost tremendously from reduction of equipment and maintenance costs.  Scalability

Traditional Connectivity

Remote Access Virtual Private Network

Four Critical Functions Authentication – validates that the data was sent from the sender. Access control – limiting unauthorized users from accessing the network. Confidentiality – preventing the data to be read or copied as the data is being transported. Data Integrity – ensuring that the data has not been altered

Advantages: Cost Savings • Eliminating the need for expensive long-distance leased lines • Reducing the long-distance telephone charges for remote access. • Transferring the support burden to the service providers • Operational costs

Advantages: Scalability  Flexibility of growth  Efficiency with broadband technology

Disadvantages VPNs require an in-depth understanding of public network security issues and proper deployment of precautions Availability and performance depends on factors largely outside of their control Immature standards

Schematic diagram of TAXNET DR Sites

I.T. offices

C type Location 64 Kbps

Satellite based

VSAT Hub

LAN

Network

VSAT

IDS

IDU WAN Equipment

2 x 45 Mbps 2 x 155 Mbps

National Data Centre Delhi

I.T. offices

WAN Equipment A2/B2 type Locations Leased 64/128/256 kbps line

2 x 155 Mbps LAN WAN Equipment

I.T. offices

A1/B1 type Location 2/8 Mbps

Leased line

VPN backbone Service Providers Network

IDS Legend: Primary Link (Optical Cable) Secondary Link (Optical Cable) 10/100 Mbps IPSec Link Tunnel

Enterprise Collaboration System • Information systems that use a variety of technologies to help people work together. They support communication, coordination, & collaboration among the members of a workgroup. • Example-Groupware

Groupware • Groupware is technology designed to facilitate the work of groups. This technology may be used to communicate, cooperate, coordinate, solve problems, compete, or negotiate. • Groupware can be divided into three categories depending on the level of collaboration—communication tools, conferencing tools and collaborative management (Co-ordination) tools

Electronic communication tools • Electronic communication tools send messages, files, data, or documents between people and hence facilitate the sharing of information. Examples include: • synchronous conferencing • e-mail • Instant Messaging • faxing • voice mail • Wikis • Web publishing

Electronic conferencing tools • Electronic conferencing tools facilitate the sharing of information, but in a more interactive way. Examples include: • Internet forums (also known as message boards or discussion boards) — a virtual discussion platform to facilitate and manage online text messages • Chatting — a virtual discussion platform to facilitate and manage real-time text messages • Telephony — telephones allow users to interact • Video conferencing — networked PCs share video and audio signals • Data conferencing — networked PCs share a common whiteboard that each user can modify • Application sharing — users can access a shared document or application from their respective computers simultaneously in real time

Collaborative management tools • Collaborative management tools facilitate and manage group activities. Examples include: • electronic calendars (also called time management software) — schedule events and automatically notify and remind group members • project management systems — schedule, track, and chart the steps in a project as it is being completed • workflow systems — collaborative management of tasks and documents within a knowledge-based business process • online spreadsheets — collaborate and share structured data and information • Collaborative software can be either web based (such as UseModWiki or Scoop), or desktop systems (such as CVS or RCS).

Fundamentals of E-commerce • Electronic commerce (also referred to as EC, e-commerce or ecommerce) consists primarily of the distributing, buying, selling, marketing, and servicing of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks

Major Categories • Business-to-Consumer(B2C) • Business to Consumer commerce, “applies to any business or organization that sells its products or services to consumers over the Internet for their own use.” In other words, it provides a direct sale between the supplier and in the individual consumer.

Major Categories • Business-to-Business (B2B) • Business-to-Business involves online transactions between businesses. Examples of B2B include online companies that specialize in marketing strategies, advertising, email companies, internet consultants, website development etc.

WWW & E-Commerce • WWW is a system of Internet servers that support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files.

WWW & E-Commerce • Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts. • Hypermedia is a term used for hypertext which is not constrained to be text: it can include graphics, video and sound