Interim Slides Part 2

Part 2 Chemistry

The Periodic Table Groups or families are vertical columns in the periodic table The zig- zag line separates metals from non-metals

Group or family

Period

With the discovery of isotopes by Mosley in 1909, the Periodic Table was reorganized by increasing atomic number (number of protons). This is modern Periodic Table we use today!

2 2

Lightning Questions • • • • • • •

How many protons and electrons are found in an atom of Chlorine? How many neutrons are found in an atom of Sodium (Na) that has a mass number of 23 amu? What happens to an atom when you add another proton? How can you change the mass number of an atom of sodium?

 

3 3

Valence Electrons •

These are the electrons found in the last level of an atom.



• • •

They are the MOST important electrons in determining the reactivity of an atom. Elements with the same number of valence electrons will react similarly.



4 4

Valence Electrons •

Example:

• 

Lithium is #3 in the periodic table. So it has THREE electrons.

 

As we had stated before two electrons are in first level, leaving ONE electron in level 2.

 

So Lithium has ONE valence electron.



5 5

Lightning Questions!!! • • • • • • •

How many electrons are there in an atom of Sulfur (S)?

How many valence electrons are found in an atom of Sulfur?

Name an element that would have similar chemical properties to Sulfur.

• Click here for: Graphing Lab #2 Click here: Post Lab Clip

6 6

Ca

•

Cations and Anions N-3

+2

Metals lose their valence electrons to form cations.

• 

Click here for: Cation clip

• 

•

Nonmetals will gain enough electrons to form anions. They will take as many electronsthey need to get 8 valence electrons.

• 

Click here for: Anion clip

• • • 

7 7

FCAT Multiple Choice Sample Questions 1. Mr. Lopez’s science class is playing an educational game to study the periodic table. He gives Trahn a card with some clues to help him identify a particular group on the periodic table. Below is Trahn’s card. 2.

3. 4.

Which chemical group…… 1. Reacts with water to form basic solutions 2. Readily combines in nature to form other compounds 3. Loses 2 outer energy level electrons to form +2 ions



Trahn’s card describes which group on the periodic table? F. Group 1 G. Group 2 H. Group 16 I. Group 18 FCAT Science Sample Test Book 2007 8 8

FCAT Multiple Choice Sample Questions 



Julio is given an unknown element to study. After carefully analyzing his element he arrives at the following conclusions. His element has a very low density and when it reacts with other elements it gains 3 electrons to form an anion with a -3 charge.

  

In which of the following groups could we find Julio’s element?

• – – – –

A) Group 3 B) Group 5 C) Group 13 D) Group 15

•

9

FCAT Multiple Choice Sample Questions 3.



Suppose a scientist makes an unexpected discovery about the possible existence of a new element. The finding does not fit well with the initial hypothesis. The scientist is a member of a team of researchers. If the team behaves according to the best principles of scientific inquiry, which of the following would NOT occur?

      

A) rejection of the finding as being impossible. B) willingness to repeat the studies that led to the finding for confirmation. C) urging the scientist to communicate findings to other researchers. D) insistence on reviewing all data carefully and systematically for any errors.

10

Group Discussion Questions of Key Concepts 1. What are groups and families in the periodic table? 2. 3. What are valence electrons and how are they important in predicting an element’s physical and chemical properties? 4. 5. Identify the different sections of the periodic table and predict the physical and chemical properties of elements in those sections. 6. 7. What information would you need in order to predict an unknown element ‘s location in the periodic table? 

11 11