Interdisciplinary This Article Features An Activity Long Since Commonly Quoted

ARTICULOS Interdisciplinary This article features an activity long since commonly quoted by professors and students alike at the beginning of courses in the Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM, for its acronym in Spanish), the Previous Knowledge Profile Test. Among many aspects such action has had, the importance granted to interdisciplinary holds outstanding grounds. This remarkable meta-cognitive variable, in urgent need of studies and research as well as high solvency and qualification, undoubtedly provides the best contributions to the quantity-quality intricacy of knowledge. The solution of the most important pedagogical work problems for the coming years greatly depends on its impact and development, being the objective to obtain a more human, useful and responsible knowledge at the university. () Help systems in virtual learning environments: Relationships towards the learning and the perceived self-efficiency

The article is framed in the interest to study the "seeking for help" behaviors in web based learning. Although such behaviors have been studied in traditional courses, recently is appraised an incipient interest by their analysis in virtual environments because probably the environment characteristics and conditions may affect the help seeking process. The paper intention is to analyze the relationship between intrinsic goal orientation, self-efficiency and their incidence on help seeking behaviors. 67 college students participated in the study who attended a subject with traditional and virtual instances. The data were collected by means of a self report questionnaire, especially taking into account the scales referred to intrinsic goals orientation, self-efficiency and seeking help. The results are in the sense of those found in previous studies on the subject, showing a greater disposition to seeking help the students with a more marked intrinsic direction and self-efficacy perceptions. ()

La enseñanza del inglés como segunda lengua (ESL) y como lengua extranjera (EFL). Analyzing the pedagogical implications of transitioning from an ESL to an EFL teaching scenario sheds light on distinctions between the two and various ways to approach each. The most salient features from my experience, student motivation, activity selection, use of the students' L1, and teaching culture, provide a framework for examining the insights observed and experienced, and taught in different parts of the world. (Leterier, 2008)

Serving bilingual patients with aphasia: challenges, foundations, and procedures. Bilingualism and multilingualism are a common occurrence in today's world. Many bilinguals (speakers of two languages) and multilingual or polyglots (speakers of more than two languages) in multilingual population centers receive speech therapy for acquired language problems or aphasia as a result of neurological damage. Serving these bilingual and multilingual aphasic patients involves theoretical and clinical challenges for speech therapists. This article proposes a multidisciplinary framework as a strategy to overcome such difficulties. Particularly, the proponed approach, guided by the possible interactions among culture, cognition, and language in adult bilinguals, draws from various disciplines, such as sociolinguistics, neurolinguistics,

psycholinguistics, and ethno psychology, to formulate procedures that would increase diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness with bilingual and multilingual aphasic patients. Because aphasia is considered a social rather than a purely linguistic phenomenon, this approach ultimately aims to enhance linguistic and communicative skills to support social readaptation. () Longevity and psychological well-being. Because the process of the "aging of the aged", the level of dependency of the elderly raising significantly.. This is due in part, to the fact that they suffer everyday more from physical and psychological problems that require the taking care and attention of others. Although it is good for the mental and physical health of the elderly individuals to live in their own home, even with some help from outside, there are older persons that because of their high level of functional dependency have to live in a geriatric home. The cause of it is because they suffer from some type of decency of the elderly people and sometimes because of the lack of economical resources and support. This paper is the description of the results of a research on the level of stress of the family member who takes care of the aged person and also the conclusions of another work related to the life quality in the geriatric institutions. ()

Does online language learning diminish interaction between student and teacher? Some critics have commented that online courses may discourage teacher–student interaction, which is considered by teachers and researchers as an important element in language learning. A total of 60 associate degree students who attended an online English course in Hong Kong responded to a questionnaire asking them about their effort and interest in learning English, their anxiety about computer applications, their self‐ monitoring capability, their interactions with the teacher and their peers and their competence in English. Analysis of variance results showed that those students who perceived themselves as more competent had more favorable perceptions of their interaction with the teacher than did those who were less competent, but for all other variables the two groups did not differ. The findings imply that online language learning does not necessarily diminish interaction. Instead, the level of interaction may depend on the learners’ sense of competence in the target language.()

The experimental synthesis of behavior The experimental synthesis of behavior is a programmed for the unification of psychology. The central core of the theory is behavior analysis, and its aim is to explain the findings of contemporary psychology in behavioral concepts. The experimental synthesis of behavior is not “eclectic.” Following a post‐Kuhn an description, the author states that psychological schools were analogous to paradigms, and that a state of normal science (in Kuhn's terms) could be reached. The main characteristics of the experimental synthesis of behavior, as a programmed for the unification of psychology, are as follows. (1) A behavioral level of explanation; psychology has its own level, which includes the behavior of organisms and their varied relations to the environment; behavior is not reducible, in strict sense, to biology or to social science. (2) The method is experimentation, but in the initial stages importance is given to observational and co relational procedures. (3) Emphasis is on learning: Human behavior is primarily learned, with a biological (genetic) basis. (4) The wide range of phenomena that are to be explained include all the traditional fields of scientific psychological research. (5) Emphasis is also on the environment, both social and physical. (6)()

Depression, Sociocultural Factors, and African American Women The authors discuss depression in African American women from a sociocultural perspective, including aspects of oppression and racism that affect symptom manifestation. The authors highlight John Henry’s as a coping mechanism, the history and continuing role of the African American church as a safe haven, and strategies for culturally competent practice. () A structural equation model for predictors of mental and physical health in women Objective: To measure the extent to which stress, social support, and selfesteem are predictors of an individual's mental and physical health. Structural equations were integrated with previously-estimated partial models, which simplify the relationships among variables. Methods: The study sample included 283 women with children. All of the participants resided in the municipality of General Escobedo, state of Nuevo León, Mexico. The surveys were carried out in the second semester of 2003, in the participants homes, using self-evaluation questionnaires to measure each of the variables included in the model. Each participant completed the questionnaire in one sitting. Results were analyzed with AMOS 5.0, employing the maximum likelihood method, often utilized in structural equation models. Results: The results indicate an acceptable adjustment in the proposed model: (χ²/gl = 3.03, goodness of fit (GFI) = 0.894, adjusted goodness of fit (AGFI) = 0.848, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.08, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.910). Variances were 31.9% with regard to stress, 27.4% with regard to physical health, and 72.1% with regard to mental health. Conclusions. Social support and self-esteem are predictors of stress; age and stress are predictors of physical health; and stress, self-esteem, and physical health are predictors of mental health. () Academic goals as predictors of achievement in different school subjects This study intends to analyze the various academic goals and their predictive power of the academic achievement in five different school subjects of Spanish core curriculum. In order to assess this, the Questionnaire of Academic Goals has been applied to a large sample of adolescents attending the four grade level years of Spanish Secondary Education (12 to 16 years). Data suggest that achievement is, firstly, explained, positive and significantly, by students' wish of acquiring competence and control as well as of obtaining a good future job and, secondly, negatively, by reasons strongly related to the preservation of one's self-esteem. Some implications of this data to learning are discussed. ()

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Hunn, V. L. (2009). Depression, Sociocultural Factors, and African American Women. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development , p83-93. Letelier, R. V. (2008). La enseñanza del Inglés como segunda lengua (ESL) y como lengua extranjera (EFL). Revista Semestral de Humanidades y Educación , 179-182. Ng, C. A. (2006). Does online language learning diminish interaction between student and teacher? Educational Media International , p219-232. Ramírez, M. T. (2008). A structural equation model for predictors of mental and physical health in women. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública , p101-108. Rodríguez Feijóo, N. (2008). Longevity and psychological well-being. Perspectivas en Psicología: Revista de Psicología y Ciencias Afines , p107110. Valle, A. J.-P. (2008). Academic goals as predictors of achievement in different school subjects. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología , p111-122.

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