Interactive Mini Lesson

Aim: How can we define culture? Meaning of Culture: Culture means customs, beliefs, family life, housing that an individual shares with other members of his or her society. It is our culture that tells us what to think and believe and how to act.

Culture-cont. To understand any culture, we must examine its many elements, especially its language, dress, religion, art, architecture, family structure, education, economic organization, government, and technology.

Cultural diffusion When ideas , customs, and technologies spread from one people to another or from one region to another is called cultural diffusion. Cultural diffusion has occurred through migration, trade and warfare.

How is culture different from Civilization? A civilization is a large group of cultures with a high degree of social and technological development

Examples: Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamia, Indus, Western civilization • With cities, governments, technology, advanced writings etc.

Civilization –definition A civilization is a highly organized group of people with their own language and ways of living. Many civilizations developed in river valleys where conditions favored farming.

Salient features of a civilization 1. 2. 3. 4.

Government and religion Specialized jobs Social classes Record keeping

Common features of a civilization –explained Cities and central government Cities emerged as farmers cultivated land along river valleys and produced surplus food.Surplus food led to increased population. More systematic leadership was needed than just councils or elders

Traditional economy Traditional economies based primarily on farming, grew up in early civilization.Skilled craftsworkers made pottery, cloth,and other goods.

Organized religion • Ancient people were polytheistic, believing in many gods. Priests and worshippers tried to gain the favor of these gods through complex rituals.

Job Specialization and social classes People began to specialize in certain jobs because no one person could master all the necessary skills to provide for himself or herself. People became ranked in classes according to their jobs. Priests and nobles were usually at the top and warriors, merchants, farmers and slaves at the bottom.

Art and architecture Much early art and architecture consisted of temples, palaces symbols of the power of the rulers

System of writing Early writing was picture writing, consisting of simple drawings. Overtime, the writing became more symbolic.

How are charts and graphs helpful in Social studies

Bar graph 90 80 70 60 East West North

50 40 30 20 10 0

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Point graph

Circle graph

Pie graph

Class Activity Draw a line graph representing population on Y axis and years on the x axis Population will be in Millions and years beginning from 1900 Estimate the population of the world in each decade

How can the social sciences help us to understand global history ? What are the social sciences? Geography Anthropology Economics, sociology Political science, history

Geography Geography is the study of people, their environments, and the resources available to them . Five themes sum up the impact of geography on the human story – location, place, humanenvironment, interaction, movement and region

anthropology • It is the study of man , his origin , customs , evolution and geographic distribution • Archeology: The study of the ways of life of early peoples through the examination of their physical remains • Artifacts: Objects made by people which include tools, weapons, pottery, clothing, and jewelry,

Economics • It is the study of the production and consumption of goods and services. • Sociology: The study of the origin and evolution of human society, the progress of civilization and laws controlling human institutions and functions

Political science • It is the study of different forms of government and the ideas or beliefs that gave rise to them. ( Politics is the art of or science of government) • History is the study of how people lived in the past

Home work # 6 a)List the different social sciences that you have learnt b)Define each social science and c) Describe how history is related to other social sciences

How did the stone age people adapt to their environment ? Vocabulary words Neolithic age Paleolithic age Nomad Hunters and gatherers Glaciers

Neolithic Age Neolithic age is also known as New Stone age. It is called as stone age because tools and weapons were made from stone, wood, and bone rather than from metal.The stone age is divided into three time lines. The old stone age -500,000- 10,000) years ago The Middle stone age- 10,000- 8,000 years ago The New Stone Age – 8,000-5,000 years ago

Nomad Nomad means wanderer. Before man began a settled life for farming, he lived by hunting and gathering food. They moved from place to place for food. The old stone age( Paleolithic) people were nomads.

Glaciers Pre-historic people faced severe challenges from the environment. During several ice ages, the Earth cooled. Thick glaciers or sheets of ice spread across the parts of Asia, Europe, and North America.

How did the people adapt to the Environment? To endure the cold, Paleolithic people invented clothing. Wrapped in animal skins, they took refuge in caves or under rocky overhangs during the long winters. They also learned to build fires for warmth and cooking. In this harsh life, only the hardy survived. Home work # 7 List the key features of the agricultural revolution? How did it change People’s lives ? Refer to page #52-55

Aim: What Advances were made in the Neolithic age ? 1.Planting seeds- Scholars believe that farming had started in the Middle east. Food-gathering women may have made the crucial discovery.

Domestication of animals • People learned to domesticate, or tame, some of the animals they had once hunted • They herded animals to good grasslands or penned them in rough enclosures. • The animals provided people with a source of protein

New technologies • They created the first calendars so that they would know when to plant and harvest • Farmers learned to use animals such as oxen or water buffalo to plow the fields • By about 5,000years ago, the advances made by early farming communities led people to a new stage of development –the emergence of civilizations

Homework # 3 • Write an essay describing how Neolithic Age was more advanced than Paleolithic age. • Refer to your textbook and the class notes and the handout pages 48-54

How did people live in Egypt? Interactive lesson: What do you know about Egypt? What is the name of the river that flows in Egypt? Whys is Ancient Egypt famous for? Who is a pharaoh? Have you heard about Mummies? Home work # 8 Read the hand out and answer the questions 1-4

Contributions of Egyptian Civilization Egyptian civilization began in about 5000 years ago. They have made a powerful impact on the society. The following are the significant features of the ancient Egyptian civilization. 2. Religion 2.Government 3. Social structure 4. Science, art and writing.

Religion Egyptians were polytheistic.meaning believers of many gods. Their chief God was Amon-Re who was sun god. Osiris was the god of Nile. They believed in life after death.

Government The Egyptian king was called a Pharaoh. Egyptians believed that Pharaoh was their god and king. Pharaohs were buried in a majestic pyramid. When a pharaoh died his power passed on to another member of the family – these ruling families were called dynasties.

Social structure Egyptian society was divide into classes

PHARAOH – King Nobles – warriors Craftsmen and merchants Peasant farmers Slaves

Status women Women had a higher status in Egyptian society than any other ancient civilization. A woman could own property, enter business deals, and obtain a divorce

Science, Art, writing and architecture The process of mummification helped them learn much about the human body, allowing them to diagnose many illnesses and perform surgery. Egyptians developed a calendar very similar to the one we use today.

Contributions –cont. • They also created a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics. • Egyptian temples and monuments , as well as the pyramids, have survived thousands of years. • Egyptian statues and paintings show daily life, ceremonies, and military victories.

Hieroglyphics

Decoding Hieroglyphics • Meaning: Daughter of the King, Princess...

• Meaning: King of Upper & Lower Egypt (coronation name)