Important Oracle Query & Script

QUERIES STATUS Startup time select to_char(startup_time, 'HH24:MI DD-MON-YY') "Startup time" from v$instance /

How large is the database col "Database Size" format a20 col "Free space" format a20 col "Used space" format a20 select round(sum(used.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 ) || ' GB' "Database Size" , round(sum(used.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 ) round(free.p / 1024 / 1024 / 1024) || ' GB' "Used space" , round(free.p / 1024 / 1024 / 1024) || ' GB' "Free space" from (select bytes from v$datafile union all select bytes from v$tempfile union all select bytes from v$log) used, (select sum(bytes) as p from dba_free_space) free group by free.p /

Distribution of objects and data

Which schemas are taking up all of the space set pages 999 col "size MB" format 999,999,999 col "Objects" format 999,999,999 select obj.owner "Owner",obj_cnt "Objects", decode(seg_size, NULL, 0, seg_size) "size MB" from (select owner, count(*) obj_cnt from dba_objects group by owner) obj, (select owner, ceil(sum(bytes)/1024/1024) seg_size from dba_segments group by owner) seg where obj.owner = seg.owner(+) order by 3 desc ,2 desc, 1 /

Show the ten largest objects in the database Col owner format a15 Col segment_name format a30 Col segment_type format a15 Col mb format 999,999,999 select owner,segment_name,segment_type,mb from(select owner,segment_name,segment_type,bytes / 1024 / 1024 "MB" from dba_segments order by bytes desc ) where rownum < 11 /

Is java installed in the database?

This will return 9000'ish if it is... select from where and /

count(*) all_objects object_type like '%JAVA%' owner = 'SYS'

Display character set information select * from nls_database_parameters /

Show all used features select , from where /

name detected_usages dba_feature_usage_statistics detected_usages > 0

SESSION Show all connected users set lines 100 pages 999 col ID format a15 select username,sid || ',' || serial# "ID",status, last_call_et "Last Activity" from v$session where username is not null order by status desc, last_call_et desc

/ Time since last user activity set lines 100 pages 999 select username , floor(last_call_et / 60) "Minutes" , status from v$session where username is not null order by last_call_et

/ Sessions sorted by logon time set lines 100 pages 999 col ID format a15 col osuser format a15 col login_time format a14 select username , osuser , sid || ',' || serial# "ID" , status , to_char(logon_time, 'hh24:mi dd/mm/yy') login_time , last_call_et from v$session where username is not null order by login_time

/ Show user info including os pid col "SID/SERIAL" format a10 col username format a15 col osuser format a15 col program format a40 select s.sid || ',' || s.serial# "SID/SERIAL" , s.username , s.osuser , p.spid "OS PID" , s.program

from , Where order

v$session s v$process p s.paddr = p.addr by to_number(p.spid)

/ Show a users current sql Select sql_text from v$sqlarea where (address, hash_value) in (select sql_address, sql_hash_value from v$session where username like '&username')

/ Session status associated with the specified os process id select , , , , , from , where and

s.username s.sid s.serial# p.spid last_call_et status V$SESSION s V$PROCESS p s.PADDR = p.ADDR p.spid='&pid'

/ All active sql set feedback off set serveroutput on size 9999 column username format a20 column sql_text format a55 word_wrapped begin for x in (select username||'('||sid||','||serial#||') ospid = '|| process || ' program = ' || program username, to_char(LOGON_TIME,' Day HH24:MI') logon_time, to_char(sysdate,' Day HH24:MI') current_time, sql_address, sql_hash_value from v$session where status = 'ACTIVE' and rawtohex(sql_address) <> '00' and username is not null ) loop for y in (select sql_text from v$sqlarea where address = x.sql_address ) loop if ( y.sql_text not like '%listener.get_cmd%' and y.sql_text not like '%RAWTOHEX(SQL_ADDRESS)%' ) then dbms_output.put_line( '--------------------' );

dbms_output.put_line( x.username ); dbms_output.put_line( x.logon_time || ' ' || x.current_time || ' SQL#=' || x.sql_hash_value); dbms_output.put_line( substr( y.sql_text, 1, 250 ) ); end if; end loop; end loop; end;

/ Display any long operations set lines 100 pages 999 col username format a15 col message format a40 col remaining format 9999 select username , to_char(start_time, 'hh24:mi:ss dd/mm/yy') started , time_remaining remaining , message from v$session_longops where time_remaining = 0 order by time_remaining desc / List open cursors per user set pages 999 select sess.username , sess.sid , sess.serial# , stat.value cursors from v$sesstat stat , v$statname sn , v$session sess where sess.username is not null and sess.sid = stat.sid and stat.statistic# = sn.statistic# and sn.name = 'opened cursors current' order by value

/ Or alternatively...

set lines 100 pages 999 select count(hash_value) cursors , sid , user_name from v$open_cursor group by sid , user_name order by cursors /

INIT PARAMETERS Show latent parameter changes select , from where

name value v$parameter ismodified != 'FALSE'

/ Show non-default parameters set pages 999 lines 100 col name format a30 col value format a50 select name , value from v$parameter where isdefault = 'FALSE' and value is not null order by name

/ or for name='parameter' style...

set pages 999 lines 100 select name || '=' || decode(type, 2, '''') || value || decode(type, 2, '''') parameter from v$parameter where isdefault = 'FALSE' and value is not null order by name

/ Reset/Unset a spfile parameter

Setting a parameter to =' ' often isn't enough. Do this instead...

alter system reset <parameter> scope=spfile sid='*'

/ The sid='*' bit is always necessary, even in non RAC database.

USER List users set col col col col

pages 999 lines 100 username format a20 status format a8 tablespace format a20 temp_ts format a20

select , , , , from order /

username account_status status created default_tablespace tablespace temporary_tablespace temp_ts dba_users by username

Lock or unlock a user alter user <username> account lock; And to unlock... alter user <username> account unlock;

ROLE Find a role select * from dba_roles where role like '&role'

/ Show what roles are granted to a user select , , from where

grantee granted_role admin_option dba_role_privs grantee like upper('&username')

/ Show what system privileges are granted to a role select , from where

privilege admin_option role_sys_privs role like '&role'

/ Show what table privileges are granted to a role select , , , from where

owner || '.' || table_name "TABLE" column_name privilege grantable role_tab_privs role like '&role'

/

Administration - ASM Check if css is running/working Display disk-groups Show disk space usage Create a disk group Add a disk to a group Drop a disk group Is ASM performing a balancing operation Check the internal consistency of a diskgroup

• • • • • • • •

Check if css is running/working

crsctl check cssd Display disk-groups set lines 100 col name format a10 col path format a30 select name , group_number , disk_number , mount_status , state , path from v$asm_disk order by group_number

/ note. A group number of zero his indicates that a disk is available but hasn't yet been assigned to a disk group. Show disk space usage select , , , , from order

name group_number disk_number total_mb free_mb v$asm_disk by group_number

/ Create a disk group create diskgroup data1 external redundancy

disk '/dev/raw/raw1'

/ or with multiple raw partitions... multiple disks create diskgroup data2 external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw2' , '/dev/raw/raw3'

/ or with multiple fail groups... create diskgroup data3 normal redundancy failgroup controller1 disk '/dev/raw/raw4' failgroup controller2 disk '/dev/raw/raw6'

/ Add a disk to a group alter diskgroup data1 add disk '/dev/raw/raw4'

/ Wildcards can be used for raw device names (eg. raw*) Drop a disk group drop diskgroup ''

/ Is ASM performing a balancing operation select * from v$asm_operation

/ Mount/dismount disk groups alter diskgroup all mount alter diskgroup data1 mount alter diskgroup all dismount alter diskgroup data1 dismount Check the internal consistency of a diskgroup alter diskgroup data1 check all /

Administration - RAC 10gR2 • • • • • • • • • • •

Start, stop and check CRS (Cluster Ready Services) Start/stop nodeapps Start/stop asm Start/stop a database (all nodes) Start/stop an individual instance Check the VIP config Change the VIP address, subnetmask or interface Locate the voting disk Retrive OCR (Oracle Cluster Registry) information To prevent a database starting at boot time Change the private interconnect subnet

Start, stop and check CRS (Cluster Ready Services)

Note. Start/stop need to be run as root from the CRS home. Start CRS crsctl start crs

Stop CRS

crsctl stop crs

Check CRS's status crsctl check crs

See the status of the various services crs_stat -t

Start/stop nodeapps srvctl start nodeapps

srvctl stop nodeapps

-n <node name>

-n <node name>

Start/stop asm srvctl start asm -n <node name>

srvctl stop asm -n <node name>

Start/stop a database (all nodes) srvctl start database -d

srvctl stop database -d

Start/stop an individual instance srvctl start instance -d -i

srvctl stop instance -d -i

Check the VIP config srvctl config nodeapps -n <node> -a -g -s -l

Change the VIP address, subnetmask or interface srvctl srvctl srvctl srvctl srvctl srvctl

stop nodeapps -n <node1> stop nodeapps -n <node2> modify nodeapps -n <node1> -A // modify nodeapps -n <node2> -A // start nodeapps -n <node1> start nodeapps -n <node2>

Locate the voting disk crsctl query css votedisk

Retrive OCR (Oracle Cluster Registry) information ocrcheck

To prevent a database starting at boot time srvctl disable database -d

Change the private interconnect subnet

First find the interface which is in use as the interconnect - run as root from the crs home: oifcfg getif

Make a note of the interface name (eth1 in the following example), then run the following:

oifcfg delif -global eth1 oifcfg setif -global eth1/:cluster_interconnect

Administration - Job Scheduler • • • • • • •

List scheduled jobs Submit a job Remove a job Reset a broken job Add a program to the 10g scheduler (os program) Add a program to the 10g scheduler (stored procedure) Schedule a 10g job

List scheduled jobs set lines 100 pages 999 col schema_user format a15 col fails format 999 select job , schema_user , to_char(last_date, 'hh24:mi dd/mm/yy') last_run , to_char(next_date, 'hh24:mi dd/mm/yy') next_run , failures fails , broken , substr(what, 1, 15) what from dba_jobs order by 4 /

Submit a job dbms_job.submit('', <start time>, , TRUE);

For example: declare job_id number; begin dbms_job.submit( job_id , 'andy.daily_data_clense' , trunc(sysdate+1)+22/24

, , end; /

'sysdate+1' true);

This will run a stored procedure called 'daily_data_clense' each day at 10pm. Remove a job

You need to be connected as the user who owns the job exec dbms_job.remove(<job number>);

Reset a broken job

You need to be connected as the user who owns the job exec dbms_job.broken(<job number>, FALSE);

Add a program to the 10g scheduler (os program) begin dbms_scheduler.create_program( program_name=>'ANDY.job_test', program_action=>'/home/oracle/andyb/job_test.sh', program_type=>'EXECUTABLE', comments=>'test job', enabled=>TRUE); end; /

Add a program to the 10g scheduler (stored procedure) begin dbms_scheduler.create_program( program_name=>'ANDY.job_test', program_action=>'andy.job_test', program_type=>'STORED_PROCEDURE', comments=>'test program', enabled=>TRUE); end; /

Schedule a 10g job begin dbms_sheduler.create_job( job_name=>'andy.andy_job_test', program_name=>'andy.job_test', start_date=>

)

Administration - Recycle bin • • •

Display the contents of the recycle bin Empty the recycle bin Drop an object with out putting it in the recycle bin

Display the contents of the recycle bin show recyclebin

Empty the recycle bin purge recyclebin

Drop an object with out putting it in the recycle bin drop purge;

Structure - Tablespace • • • • • • • • • •

Tablespace usage Show the files that comprise a tablespace Tablespaces >80% full User quotas on all tablespaces List all objects in a tablespace Show all tablespaces used by a user Create a temporary tablespace Alter a databases default temporary tablespace Show segments that are approaching max_extents List the contents of the temporary tablespace(s)

Tablespace usage set pages 999 col tablespace_name format a40 col "size MB" format 999,999,999 col "free MB" format 99,999,999 col "% Used" format 999 select tsu.tablespace_name, ceil(tsu.used_mb) "size MB" , decode(ceil(tsf.free_mb), NULL,0,ceil(tsf.free_mb)) "free MB" , decode(100 - ceil(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100), NULL, 100,

from

, where order /

100 - ceil(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100)) "% used" (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 used_mb from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name union all select tablespace_name || ' **TEMP**' , sum(bytes)/1024/1024 used_mb from dba_temp_files group by tablespace_name) tsu (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free_mb from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) tsf tsu.tablespace_name = tsf.tablespace_name (+) by 4

Show the files that comprise a tablespace set lines 100 col file_name format a70 select file_name , ceil(bytes / 1024 / 1024) "size MB" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name like '&TSNAME' /

Tablespaces >80% full set pages 999 lines 100 col tablespace_name format a40 col "size MB" format 999999999 col "% Used" format 999 col "80%" format 999999 col "75%" format 999999 select tsu.tablespace_name , ceil(tsu.used_mb) "size MB" , 100 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100) "% Used" , (tsu.used_mb / 100) * (20 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100)) "80%" , (tsu.used_mb / 100) * (25 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100)) "75%" from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 used_mb from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) tsu , (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free_mb from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) tsf where tsu.tablespace_name = tsf.tablespace_name (+) and 100 - floor(tsf.free_mb/tsu.used_mb*100) >= 80 order by 3,4,5 /

User quotas on all tablespaces col quota format a10 select username , tablespace_name , decode(max_bytes, -1, 'unlimited' , ceil(max_bytes / 1024 / 1024) || 'M' ) "QUOTA"

from where /

dba_ts_quotas tablespace_name not in ('TEMP')

List all objects in a tablespace set pages 999 col owner format a15 col segment_name format a40 col segment_type format a20 select owner , segment_name , segment_type from dba_segments where lower(tablespace_name) like lower('%&tablespace%') order by owner, segment_name /

Show all tablespaces used by a user select tablespace_name , ceil(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) "MB" from dba_extents where owner like '&user_id' group by tablespace_name order by tablespace_name /

Create a temporary tablespace create temporary tablespace temp tempfile '' size 500M /

Alter a databases default temporary tablespace alter database default temporary tablespace temp /

Show segments that are approaching max_extents col select , , , , from

segment_name format a40 owner segment_type segment_name max_extents - extents as "spare" max_extents dba_segments

where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') and (max_extents - extents) < 10 order by 4 /

To change maxextents alter <segment_type> <segment_name> storage(maxextents 150); List the contents of the temporary tablespace(s) set pages 999 lines 100 col username format a15 col mb format 999,999 select su.username , ses.sid , ses.serial# , su.tablespace , ceil((su.blocks from v$sort_usage , dba_tablespaces , v$session ses where su.tablespace = and su.session_addr /

* dt.block_size) / 1048576) MB su dt dt.tablespace_name = ses.saddr

Structure - Objects • • • • • • • • •

Find an object Invalid objects Show the size of an object All objects owned by a user Source code of a procedure Get an objects ddl (9i onwards) Display compilation errors and warnings Find all tables containing the specified column List all tables owned by a user sorted by size

Find an object set pages 999 col owner format a15 col object_name format a40 col object_type format a20 select owner , object_name , object_type from dba_objects where lower(object_name) like lower('%&object%') order by owner, object_type, object_name /

Invalid objects

List invalid objects...

set lines 200 pages 999 col "obj" format a40 select owner || '.' || object_name "obj", object_type from dba_objects where status = 'INVALID' /

Recompile all invalid objects... @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

Show the size of an object col segment_name format a20 select segment_name , bytes "SIZE_BYTES" , ceil(bytes / 1024 / 1024) "SIZE_MB" from dba_segments where segment_name like '&obj_name' /

All objects owned by a user col object_name format a40 select object_name , object_type from dba_objects where owner = '&user' order by object_type, object_name /

Source code of a procedure select text from dba_source where owner = 'ANDY' and name = 'FILE_TEST' and type = 'PACKAGE BODY' order by line /

Get an objects ddl (9i onwards)

Note. Works for 9i and newer. Parameters: OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME, SCHEMA set pagesize 0 set long 90000 select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','TABLE_A','ANDY') from dual;

Display compilation errors and warnings show errors show errors view show errors procedure <proc_name>

select * from dba_errors;

Find all tables containing the specified column set pages 999 lines 100 col tab format a60 col column_name format a20 select owner || '.' || table_name as tab , column_name from dba_tab_columns where column_name like upper('&col') /

List all tables owned by a user sorted by size set lines 100 pages 999 col segment_name format a40 col mb format 999,999,999 select segment_name , ceil(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) "MB" from dba_segments where owner like '&user' and segment_type = 'TABLE' group by segment_name order by ceil(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024) desc /

Structure - Indexes • •

Index info by table Show indexed columns

Index info by table

select , , from , where and order

i.index_name i.tablespace_name ceil(s.bytes / 1048576) "Size MB" dba_indexes i dba_segments s i.index_name = s.segment_name table_name like '&table' by 2, 1

/ Show indexed columns select from where order /

column_name dba_ind_columns index_name = '&index' by column_position

Structure - Files • • • • • • • • • •

Display all datafiles, tempfiles and logfiles (and their sizes) Quick datafile health check Show directories that contain datafiles List autoextensible datafiles Turn autoextend off for all datafiles Move files between disks List controlfiles Create an OS command for every file in the database Find duplicate filenames List files that are in hot-backup mode

Display all datafiles, tempfiles and logfiles (and their sizes) set lines 100 pages 999 col name format a50 select name, bytes from (select name, bytes from v$datafile union all select name, bytes from v$tempfile union all select lf.member "name", l.bytes from v$logfile lf , v$log l where lf.group# = l.group# union all

,

select name, 0 from v$controlfile) used (select sum(bytes) as p from dba_free_space) free

/

Quick datafile health check

You should only see online and system (maybe read-only too) select distinct status from v$datafile /

Show directories that contain datafiles select distinct substr(name, 1, instr(name, '/', -1)) DIR from v$datafile order by 1 /

List autoextensible datafiles select file_name from dba_data_files where autoextensible = 'YES' /

Turn autoextend off for all datafiles select 'alter database datafile ''' || file_name || ''' autoextend off;' from dba_data_files /

Move files between disks set set set set

trimspool on wrap off heading off verify off pages 1000 lines 100

spool rename.sql select 'alter database rename file ''' || name || ''' to ''' || replace(name || ''';', '/u01', '/u02') from v$datafile / select 'alter database rename file ''' ||

from /

member || ''' to ''' || replace(member || ''';', '/u01', '/u02') v$logfile

spool off

List controlfiles select name from v$controlfile /

Create an OS command for every file in the database

The example deletes all files

select 'rm ' || name from (select name from v$datafile union all select name from v$tempfile union all select member from v$logfile union all select name from v$controlfile ) /

Find duplicate filenames

Searches for files with the same name in all directories select count(substr(name, instr(name, '/', -1) + 1, 999)) "total" , count(distinct substr(name, instr(name, '/', -1) + 1, 999)) "distinct" from v$datafile /

List files that are in hot-backup mode set lines 100 pages 999 col name format a60 select df.name , b.status , to_char(time, 'hh24:mi:ss dd/mm/yyyy') time from v$datafile df , v$backup b where df.file# = b.file#

and b.status = 'ACTIVE' order by b.file#

/

Structure - Redo Logs • • •

Remove drop add logfile members List members and sizes

Remove drop alter database drop logfile member ''; add logfile members alter database add logfile member '' to group ; List members and sizes col member format a60 col "Size MB" format 9,999,999 select lf.member , ceil(lg.bytes / 1024 / 1024) "Size MB" from v$logfile lf , v$log lg where lg.group# = lf.group# order by 1 /

Structure - Undo • • • • •

Converting from Rollback to Undo Display the rollback segments Alter undo retention What's in undo Is anything rolling back at the moment?

Display the rollback segments select segment_name

, from /

status dba_rollback_segs

Alter undo retention alter system set undo_retention=500 scope=memory;

Note. This is in seconds What's in undo select , , from group , /

tablespace_name status count(*) as HOW_MANY dba_undo_extents by tablespace_name status

Is anything rolling back at the moment?

Look for the used_ublk value decreasing. If it is, the session connected with it is rolling back. When it reaches zero, rollback is complete. set lines 100 pages 999 col username format a15 col command format a20 select ses.username , substr(ses.program, 1, 19) command , tra.used_ublk from v$session ses , v$transaction tra where ses.saddr = tra.ses_addr /

Structure - Constraints • • • • • • •

Show all constraints on a table List tables that are using the specified table as a foreign key Produce a list of disabled fk constraints Produce enable statements all disabled fk constraints List parent tables that may need fixing/re-importing List missing foriegn key values Show all table constraints for a user

Show all constraints on a table col type format a10

col cons_name format a30 select decode(constraint_type, 'C', 'Check', 'O', 'R/O View', 'P', 'Primary', 'R', 'Foreign', 'U', 'Unique', 'V', 'Check view') type , constraint_name cons_name , status , last_change from dba_constraints where owner like '&owner' and table_name like '&table_name' order by 1 /

List tables that are using the specified table as a foreign key set lines 100 pages 999 select a.owner , a.table_name , a.constraint_name from dba_constraints a , dba_constraints b where a.constraint_type = 'R' and a.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name and a.r_owner = b.owner and b.owner = '&table_owner' and b.table_name = '&table_name' /

Same as above, but produces 'disable constraint' statements

set lines 100 pages 999 col discon format a100 select 'alter table '||a.owner||'.'||a.table_name||' disable constraint '||a.constraint_name||';' discon from dba_constraints a , dba_constraints b where a.constraint_type = 'R' and a.r_constraint_name = b.constraint_name and a.r_owner = b.owner and b.owner = '&table_owner' and b.table_name = '&table_name' /

Produce a list of disabled fk constraints set lines 100 pages 999 col table format a60 col constraint_name format a30 select owner||'.'||table_name "table" , constraint_name

from dba_constraints where status = 'DISABLED' and constraint_type = 'R' and owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') order by 1,2 /

Produce enable statements all disabled fk constraints set lines 100 pages 999 select 'alter table '||owner||'.'||table_name||' enable constraint '||constraint_name||';' "enable" from dba_constraints where status = 'DISABLED' and constraint_type = 'R' and owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') order by 1 /

List parent tables that may need fixing/re-importing select distinct r.owner || '.' || r.table_name "exp" from dba_constraints c , dba_constraints r where c.status = 'DISABLED' and c.constraint_type = 'R' and c.r_owner = r.owner and c.r_constraint_name = r.constraint_name and c.owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') order by 1 /

List missing foriegn key values

Note. Useful for resolving ORA-02298 select

from

where and and and and and and

'select '||cc.column_name||' from '||c.owner||'.'||c.table_name||' a where not exists (select ''x'' from '||r.owner||'.'||r.table_name||' where '||rc.column_name||' = a.'||cc.column_name||')' dba_constraints c, dba_constraints r, dba_cons_columns cc, dba_cons_columns rc c.constraint_type = 'R' c.owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM') c.r_owner = r.owner c.owner = cc.owner r.owner = rc.owner c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name r.constraint_name = rc.constraint_name

and and and and and order /

c.r_constraint_name = r.constraint_name cc.position = rc.position c.owner = '&table_owner' c.table_name = '&table_name' c.constraint_name = '&constraint_name' by c.owner, c.table_name, c.constraint_name, cc.position

Show all table constraints for a user

Note. This still needs some work... set lines 100 pages 999 break on table_name select table_name , decode(constraint_type, 'C', 'Check', 'O', 'R/O View', 'P', 'Primary', 'R', 'Foreign', 'U', 'Unique', 'V', 'Check view') type , nvl(index_name, R_CONSTRAINT_NAME) "IDX" from dba_constraints where owner like '&user' order by table_name , decode(constraint_type, 'P','0','R','1','U','2','C','3','O','4','V','5') /

Structure - Materialized view • • • • • • • •

Create a view log for the master table List all materialized view logs Create a simple materialized view Show all materialized and resfresh times Show materialized view tables and masters Show refresh jobs in dba_jobs Manually start a refresh Force a complete refresh

Create a view log for the master table

This is required for fast refresh create materialized view log on /

or... create materialized view log on tablespace /

List all materialized view logs select log_owner , log_table from dba_mview_logs /

Create a simple materialized view create materialized view andy_mview refresh [fast | complete | force] start with sysdate next sysdate + 1/24 with primary key as select * from test_table /

Fast = update changes only Complete = wipe and repopulate the mview Force = fast if possible, complete if not. Show all materialized and resfresh times set lines 100 pages 999 col last_refresh format a20 select owner , mview_name , to_char(last_refresh_date, 'dd/mm/yy hh24:mi') last_refresh from dba_mviews order by owner, last_refresh /

Show materialized view tables and masters set lines 100 col mview format a40 col master format a40 select owner || '.' || name mview , master_owner || '.' || master master from dba_mview_refresh_times /

Show refresh jobs in dba_jobs

This is useful for spotting failures set lines 100 col job format 9999

col log_user format a15 col last format a15 col next format a15 col fail format 9999 col what format a20 select job , log_user , to_char(last_date, 'dd/mm/yy hh24:mi') last , to_char(next_date, 'dd/mm/yy hh24:mi') next , failures fail , replace(what, '"') what from dba_jobs where what like '%dbms_refresh.refresh%' /

Manually start a refresh execute dbms_mview.refresh ('');

Force a complete refresh execute dbms_mview.refresh ('','C');

Structure - Partitions • • • • • • • •

List partitioned tables List a tables partitions Show partition sizes for the specified table Move a partition to a new tablespace Add a partition Split a partition Drop a partition Truncate a partition

List partitioned tables set pages 999 lines 100 col table_name format a40 select table_name , partitioning_type type , partition_count partitions from dba_part_tables where owner = '&owner' order by 1 /

List a tables partitions set pages 999 lines 100 col high_value format a20 col tablespace_name format a20 select partition_name , tablespace_name , high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_owner = '&owner' and table_name = '&table_name' order by partition_position /

Show partition sizes for the specified table set pages 999 lines 100 col tablespace_name format a20 col num_rows format 999,999,999 select p.partition_name , p.tablespace_name , p.num_rows , ceil(s.bytes / 1024 / 1204) mb from dba_tab_partitions p , dba_segments s where p.table_owner = s.owner and p.partition_name = s.partition_name and p.table_name = s.segment_name and p.table_owner = '&owner' and p.table_name = '&table_name' order by partition_position /

Move a partition to a new tablespace alter table move partition <partition_name> tablespace nologging /

Add a partition alter table add partition <partition_name> values less than () tablespace /

or... alter table add partition <partition_name> values ()

tablespace /

Split a partition alter table split partition <partition_name> at () into (partition <partition_name>, partition <partition_name>) update global indexes /

Drop a partition alter table drop partition <partition_name> /

Truncate a partition alter table truncate partition <partition_name> /

Performance - General Show currently exectuing sql Session statistics Resource intensive sql File io stats In session tracing switch on event 10046 Rows per block Show the buffer cache advisory

• • • • • • • •

Show currently exectuing sql select sql_text from v$sqlarea where users_executing > 0 /

Session statistics select , from ,

sn.name st.value v$sesstat st v$statname sn

where and and order /

st.STATISTIC# = sn.STATISTIC# st.VALUE > 0 st.SID = &SID by value desc

Resource intensive sql

change 8192 to match block size select sql_text , executions , to_char((((disk_reads+buffer_gets)/executions) * 8192)/1048576, '9,999,999,990.00') as total_gets_per_exec_mb , to_char((( disk_reads /executions) * 8192)/1048576, '9,999,999,990.00') as disk_reads_per_exec_mb , to_char((( buffer_gets /executions) * 8192)/1048576, '9,999,999,990.00') as buffer_gets_per_exec_mb , parsing_user_id from v$sqlarea where executions > 10 order by 6 desc /

File io stats

Requires timed_statistics=true

set lines 80 pages 999 col fname heading "File Name" format a60 col sizemb heading "Size(Mb)" format 99,999 col phyrds heading "Reads" format 999,999,999 col readtim heading "Time" format 99.999 col phywrts heading "Writes" format 9,999,999 col writetim heading "Time" format 99.999 select lower(name) fname , (bytes / 1048576) sizemb , phyrds , readtim , phywrts , writetim from v$datafile df , v$filestat fs where df.file# = fs.file# order by 1 /

In session tracing

To switch it on:

exec dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session (<sid>, <serial#>, true);

To switch it off:

exec dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session (<sid>, <serial#>, false);

switch on event 10046

To switch it on:

alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever, level 8';

To switch it off: alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

Note. use tkprof to interpret the results. Rows per block select avg(row_count) avg , max(row_count) max , min(row_count) min from ( select count(*) row_count from &table_name group by substr(rowid, 1, 15) ) /

Show the buffer cache advisory

Note. The current setting is halfway down and has a read factor of one. set lines 100 pages 999 col est_mb format 99,999 col estd_physical_reads format 999,999,999,999,999 select size_for_estimate est_mb , estd_physical_read_factor , estd_physical_reads from v$db_cache_advice where name = 'DEFAULT' order by size_for_estimate /

db_cache_advice needs to be on for the above to work alter system set db_cache_advice=on;

Performance - Locks DML •

Show sessions that are blocking each other

Show locked objects Show which row is locked List locks

• • •

Show sessions that are blocking each other select from where and and /

'SID ' || l1.sid ||' is blocking v$lock l1, v$lock l2 l1.block =1 and l2.request > 0 l1.id1=l2.id1 l1.id2=l2.id2

' || l2.sid blocking

Show locked objects set lines 100 pages 999 col username format a20 col sess_id format a10 col object format a25 col mode_held format a10 select oracle_username || ' (' || s.osuser || ')' username , s.sid || ',' || s.serial# sess_id , owner || '.' || object_name object , object_type , decode( l.block , 0, 'Not Blocking' , 1, 'Blocking' , 2, 'Global') status , decode(v.locked_mode , 0, 'None' , 1, 'Null' , 2, 'Row-S (SS)' , 3, 'Row-X (SX)' , 4, 'Share' , 5, 'S/Row-X (SSX)' , 6, 'Exclusive', TO_CHAR(lmode)) mode_held from v$locked_object v , dba_objects d , v$lock l , v$session s where v.object_id = d.object_id and v.object_id = l.id1 and v.session_id = s.sid order by oracle_username , session_id /

Show which row is locked select do.object_name , row_wait_obj# , row_wait_file#

, , ,

row_wait_block# row_wait_row# dbms_rowid.rowid_create (1, ROW_WAIT_OBJ#, ROW_WAIT_FILE#, ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#, ROW_WAIT_ROW#) v$session s dba_objects do sid=&sid s.ROW_WAIT_OBJ# = do.OBJECT_ID

from , where and /

Then select the row with that rowid... select * from where rowid=;

List locks column column column column column SELECT , , , , , FROM WHERE /

lock_type format a12 mode_held format a10 mode_requested format a10 blocking_others format a20 username format a10 session_id lock_type mode_held mode_requested blocking_others lock_id1 dba_lock l lock_type NOT IN ('Media Recovery', 'Redo Thread')

Performance - Locks DDL • • •

Show all ddl locks in the system Slightly more simple version of the above Generate kill statement for ddl locking sessions

Show all ddl locks in the system select decode(lob.kglobtyp, 0, 'NEXT OBJECT', 1, 'INDEX', 2, 'TABLE', 3, 'CLUSTER', 4, 'VIEW', 5, 'SYNONYM', 6, 'SEQUENCE', 7, 'PROCEDURE', 8, 'FUNCTION', 9, 'PACKAGE', 11, 'PACKAGE BODY', 12, 'TRIGGER', 13, 'TYPE', 14, 'TYPE BODY', 19, 'TABLE PARTITION', 20, 'INDEX PARTITION', 21, 'LOB', 22, 'LIBRARY', 23, 'DIRECTORY', 24, 'QUEUE', 28, 'JAVA SOURCE', 29, 'JAVA CLASS', 30, 'JAVA RESOURCE', 32, 'INDEXTYPE', 33, 'OPERATOR', 34, 'TABLE SUBPARTITION', 35, 'INDEX SUBPARTITION',

, , , , , , from , , , where and and and and /

40, 'LOB PARTITION', 41, 'LOB SUBPARTITION', 42, 'MATERIALIZED VIEW', 43, 'DIMENSION', 44, 'CONTEXT', 46, 'RULE SET', 47, 'RESOURCE PLAN', 48, 'CONSUMER GROUP', 51, 'SUBSCRIPTION', 52, 'LOCATION', 55, 'XML SCHEMA', 56, 'JAVA DATA', 57, 'SECURITY PROFILE', 59, 'RULE', 62, 'EVALUATION CONTEXT','UNDEFINED' ) object_type lob.kglnaobj object_name pn.kglpnmod lock_mode_held pn.kglpnreq lock_mode_requested ses.sid ses.serial# ses.username v$session_wait vsw x$kglob lob x$kglpn pn v$session ses vsw.event = 'library cache lock' vsw.p1raw = lob.kglhdadr lob.kglhdadr = pn.kglpnhdl pn.kglpnmod != 0 pn.kglpnuse = ses.saddr

Slightly more simple version of the above select , , , , , from , where and /

ses.username ddl.session_id ses.serial# owner || '.' || ddl.name object ddl.type ddl.mode_held dba_ddl_locks ddl v$session ses owner like '%userid%' ddl.session_id = ses.sid

Generate kill statement for ddl locking sessions select || ''' from , where and /

'alter system kill session ''' || ddl.session_id || ',' || ses.serial# immediate;' dba_ddl_locks ddl v$session ses owner like '%userid%' ddl.session_id = ses.sid

Performance - Waits Top ten hotest objects by touch count Waits by file Segment Waits Time waited for latches Identify hot blocks Look at the performance stats for the instance

• • • • • •

Top ten hotest objects by touch count col owner format a20 trunc col object_name format a30 col touches format 9,999,999 select * from ( select count(*) , sum(tch) TOUCHES , u.name OWNER , o.name OBJECT_NAME from x$bh x , obj$ o , user$ u where x.obj = o.obj# and o.owner# = u.user# group by u.name, o.name order by 2 desc ) where rownum < 11 /

Waits by file col name format a60 select name , count from x$kcbfwait , v$datafile where indx + 1 = file# order by 2 /

Segment Waits select , , , from where and

object_name obj# statistic_name value v$segment_statistics owner like '&owner' statistic_name like '%waits%'

and order , /

value > 0 by statistic_name value desc

Time waited for latches col event format a30 select event , time_waited , round(time_waited*100/ SUM (time_waited) OVER(),2) wait_pct from ( select event , time_waited from v$system_event where event not in ( 'Null event' ,'client message' ,'rdbms ipc reply' ,'smon timer' ,'rdbms ipc message' ,'PX Idle Wait' ,'PL/SQL lock timer' ,'file open' ,'pmon timer' ,'WMON goes to sleep' ,'virtual circuit status' ,'dispatcher timer' ,'SQL*Net message from client' ,'parallel query dequeue wait' ,'pipe get') union ( select name , value from v$sysstat where name like 'CPU used when call started' ) ) order by 2 desc /

Identify hot blocks

Look at all waits for the instance col event format a30 select event , total_waits , time_waited from v$system_event where event like '%wait%' order by 2,3 /

If there are lots of 'data block' waits, get a break-down of them select * from v$waitstat /

Then run this to identify the file, block and reason code... select , , from where /

p1 "File #" p2 "Block #" p3 "Reason Code" v$session_wait event = 'buffer busy waits'

Note. You might need to run this a few times before anything is displayed. Look at the performance stats for the instance select , from , where order , /

n.name s.value v$statname n v$sysstat s n.statistic# = s.statistic# by n.class n.name

Performance - Statistics • • • • • • • •

Gather database statistics Gather stats for a single schema... Delete stats Gather system stats Export/Import optimizer statistics Old style analyze Show a count of analyezed tables broken down by schema Show tables that have analyze dates older than today

Gather database statistics

Gather stats on the entire database...

execute dbms_stats.gather_database_stats;

Or... execute dbms_stats.gather_database_stats( estimate_percent => 1, method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE 1',cascade => TRUE);

Gather stats for a single schema... execute dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats('SCOTT');

Or... execute dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats( ownname => 'SCOTT', estimate_percent => 1, method_opt => 'FOR ALL COLUMNS SIZE 1',cascade => TRUE);

You can let oracle come up with the estimate figure by using dbms_stats.auto_sample_size or...

execute dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats( ownname => 'SYS', cascade => TRUE);

Table statistics exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('', '');

Delete stats exec dbms_stats.delete_database_stats;

exec dbms_stats.delete_schema_stats('SCOTT');

exec dbms_stats.delete_table_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES');

exec dbms_stats.delete_index_stats('SCOTT', 'EMPLOYEES_PK');

Gather system stats execute dbms_stats.gather_system_stats('Start');

Wait for a while - idealy with the database under a typical workload execute dbms_stats.gather_system_stats('Stop');

To see the current system statistics select , from where /

pname pval1 sys.aux_stats$ sname = 'SYSSTATS_MAIN'

Export/Import optimizer statistics

Create a table to hold the statistics...

exec dbms_stats.create_stat_table(ownname => 'SYS',stattab => 'prod_stats', tblspace => 'USERS');

Populate the table with the current stats...

exec dbms_stats.export_schema_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT',statown=>'SYS', stattab=>'prod_stats');

At this point you need to: 1) take an export of the 'prod_stats' table 2) import 'prod_stats' into the target database 3) load the statistics using this command...

exec dbms_stats.import_schema_stats(ownname => 'SCOTT',statown=>'SYS', stattab=>'prod_stats');

Old style analyze analyze table employees compute statistics;

analyze table employees estimate statistics sample 100 rows;

analyze table employees estimate statistics sample 15 percent;

analyze index employees_ind compute statistics;

Show a count of analyezed tables broken down by schema set pages 999 lines 100 select a.owner , a.total_tables tables , nvl(b.analyzed_tables,0) analyzed from (select owner , count(*) total_tables from dba_tables group by owner) a , (select owner , count(last_analyzed) analyzed_tables from dba_tables where last_analyzed is not null group by owner) b where a.owner = b.owner (+) and a.owner not in ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') order by a.total_tables - nvl(b.analyzed_tables,0) desc /

Show tables that have analyze dates older than today

This is useful if you are running an analyze and want to see how much is left to do select from where and order /

count(last_analyzed) left_to_do dba_tables owner = '&schema' trunc(last_analyzed) < trunc(sysdate) by 1

Performance - Query Tuning • • • • • •

Create a plan table Autotrace Explain plan Find a query's hash Grab the sql associated with a hash Look at a query's stats in the sql area

Create a plan table @?/rdbms/admin/utlxplan.sql

Autotrace

To switch it on: column plan_plus_exp format a100 set autotrace set autotrace set autotrace statement. set autotrace set autotrace

on explain # Displays the execution plan only. traceonly explain # dont run the query on # Shows the execution plan as well as statistics of the on statistics traceonly

# Displays the statistics only. # Displays the execution plan and the statistics

To switch it off: set autotrace off

Explain plan explain plan for select ...

or... explain plan set statement_id = 'bad1' for

select...

Then to see the output...

set lines 100 pages 999 @?/rdbms/admin/utlxpls

Find a query's hash

Put something unique in the like clause select hash_value, sql_text from v$sqlarea where sql_text like '%TIMINGLINKS%FOLDERREF%' /

Grab the sql associated with a hash select sql_text from v$sqlarea where hash_value = '&hash' /

Look at a query's stats in the sql area select , , , , , from where /

executions cpu_time disk_reads buffer_gets rows_processed buffer_gets / executions v$sqlarea hash_value = '&hash'

Performance - Memory • • •

SGA breakdown PGA usage by username Display pool usage

SGA breakdown set lines 100 pages 999 col bytes format 999,999,999 compute sum of bytes on pool break on pool skip 1 select pool , name

, from order , /

bytes v$sgastat by pool name

PGA usage by username select st.sid "SID", sn.name "TYPE", ceil(st.value / 1024 / 1024) "MB" from v$sesstat st, v$statname sn where st.statistic# = sn.statistic# and sid in (select sid from v$session where username like '&user') and upper(sn.name) like '%PGA%' order by st.sid, st.value desc

/ Display pool usage select name , sum(bytes) from v$sgastat where pool like 'shared pool' group by name /

Performance - Statspack • • • • • • •

Take a snapshot Delete one or more snapshots Generate a report List snapshots Install statspack Uninstall statspack Schedule and hourly snapshot

Take a snapshot exec statspack.snap;

Or to specify a level...

exec statspack.snap(i_snap_level => 6, i_modify_parameter => 'true');

Level 0 - This level captures general statistics, including rollback segment, row cache, SGA, system events, background events, session events, system statistics, wait statistics, lock statistics, and Latch information. Level 5 - This level includes capturing high resource usage SQL Statements, along with all data captured by lower levels. Level 6 - This level includes capturing SQL plan and SQL plan usage information for high resource usage SQL Statements, along with all data captured by lower levels. Level 7 - This level captures segment level statistics, including logical and physical reads, row lock, itl and buffer busy waits, along with all data captured by lower levels. Level 10 - This level includes capturing Child Latch statistics, along with all data captured by lower levels. Delete one or more snapshots @?/rdbms/admin/sppurge;

Generate a report @?/rdbms/admin/spreport.sql

List snapshots col "Date/Time" format a30 select snap_id , snap_level , to_char(snap_time,'HH24:MI:SS DD-MM-YYYY') "Date/Time" from stats$snapshot , v$database order by snap_id /

Install statspack

1. Create a tablespace (minimum size 100MB) 2. Run... @?/rdbms/admin/spcreate

Uninstall statspack @?/rdbms/admin/spdrop

Schedule and hourly snapshot @?/rdbms/admin/spauto.sql

Note. This uses dbms_job, so job_queue_processes needs to be set greater than 0. To see the job: select job , what from dba_jobs /

To delete the job: exec dbms_job.remove(<job number>);

Performance - AWR • • • • • • • • • • • •

Display a list of snapshots Produce a report To see the snapshot interval and retention period Change the snapshot interval Change the retention period Manually take a snapshot List all baselines Create a baseline Remove a baseline Enable/Disable automatic snapshots Time model queries Produce an Active Session History (ASH) report

Display a list of snapshots set lines 100 pages 999 select snap_id , snap_level , to_char(begin_interval_time, 'dd/mm/yy hh24:mi:ss') begin from dba_hist_snapshot order by 1 /

Produce a report @?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql

To see the snapshot interval and retention period col snap_interval format a30 col retention format a30 select snap_interval , retention from dba_hist_wr_control /

Change the snapshot interval

Note. This example changes it to 30 minutes exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings (interval => 30)

Change the retention period

Note. This example changes it to two weeks (14 days) exec dbms_workload_repository.modify_snapshot_settings (retention => 14*24*60)

Manually take a snapshot exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot

List all baselines set lines 100 col baseline_name format a40 select baseline_id , baseline_name , start_snap_id , end_snap_id from dba_hist_baseline order by 1 /

Create a baseline exec dbms_workload_repository.create_baseline (<start snap>, <endsnap>,'')

Remove a baseline exec dbms_workload_repository.drop_baseline('')

Enable/Disable automatic snapshots

Note. This job is enabled by default

exec dbms_scheduler.enable('GATHER_STATS_JOB')

and to disable... exec dbms_scheduler.disable('GATHER_STATS_JOB')

Time model queries

System time model set lines 100 pages 999 select stat_name , value from v$sys_time_model order by value desc /

Session time model set lines 100 pages 999 select stat_name , value from v$sess_time_model where sid = '&sid' order by value desc /

Produce an Active Session History (ASH) report @?/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql

Backup - DataGuard • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Startup commands To remove a delay from a standby Cancel managed recovery Register a missing log file If FAL doesn't work and it says the log is already registered Check which logs are missing Disable/Enable archive log destinations Turn on fal tracing on the primary db Stop the Data Guard broker Show the current instance role Logical standby apply stop/start See how up to date a physical standby is Display info about all log destinations

• •

Display log destinations options List any standby redo logs

Startup commands startup nomount alter database mount standby database; alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

To remove a delay from a standby alter database recover managed standby database cancel; alter database recover managed standby database nodelay disconnect;

Cancel managed recovery alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Register a missing log file alter database register physical logfile '';

If FAL doesn't work and it says the log is already registered alter database register or replace physical logfile '';

If that doesn't work, try this...

shutdown immediate startup nomount alter database mount standby database; alter database recover automatic standby database;

wait for the recovery to finish - then cancel

shutdown immediate startup nomount alter database mount standby database; alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

Check which logs are missing

Run this on the standby... select local.thread# , local.sequence# from (select thread# , sequence# from v$archived_log

where

where dest_id=1) local local.sequence# not in (select sequence# from v$archived_log where dest_id=2 and thread# = local.thread#)

/

Disable/Enable archive log destinations alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'defer'; alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'enable';

Turn on fal tracing on the primary db alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE = 128;

Stop the Data Guard broker alter system set dg_broker_start=false /

Show the current instance role select database_role from v$database /

Logical standby apply stop/start

Stop... alter database stop logical standby apply;

Start...

alter database start logical standby apply;

See how up to date a physical standby is

Run this on the primary

set numwidth 15 select max(sequence#) current_seq from v$log /

Then run this on the standby

set numwidth 15 select max(applied_seq#) last_seq from v$archive_dest_status /

Display info about all log destinations

To be run on the primary

set lines 100 set numwidth 15 column ID format 99 column "SRLs" format 99 column active format 99 col type format a4 select ds.dest_id id , ad.status , ds.database_mode db_mode , ad.archiver type , ds.recovery_mode , ds.protection_mode , ds.standby_logfile_count "SRLs" , ds.standby_logfile_active active , ds.archived_seq# from v$archive_dest_status ds , v$archive_dest ad where ds.dest_id = ad.dest_id and ad.status != 'INACTIVE' order by ds.dest_id /

Display log destinations options

To be run on the primary

set numwidth 8 lines 100 column id format 99 select dest_id id , archiver , transmit_mode , affirm , async_blocks async , net_timeout net_time , delay_mins delay , reopen_secs reopen , register,binding from v$archive_dest order by dest_id /

List any standby redo logs set lines 100 pages 999 col member format a70 select st.group# , st.sequence# , ceil(st.bytes / 1048576) mb , lf.member from v$standby_log st , v$logfile lf where st.group# = lf.group# /

Backup - Flashback • • • • • • • • • •

To put the session back in time Copy old data into a new table Export a database from a point in time Find the current SCN number Set the database recovery directory and size Set the flashback database retention target Turn on flashback database What is the earliest time the database can be flashed back to? Get a list of times and scn numbers Flash the database back

To put the session back in time

Note. undo_management must be auto Note. Take a look at undo_retention to get an idea of how far back you might be able to go. Note. This can't be run as sys - system works though exec dbms_flashback.enable_at_time(to_date('2006-AUG-24 12:00:00', 'YYYY-MON-DD HH24:MI:SS'));

To disable flashback run... exec dbms_flashback.disable;

Copy old data into a new table

First, create an empty copy of the source table... create table old_test_table tablespace andy as select * from test_table where rownum < 1 /

Now, insert the old data into it... insert /*+ APPEND */ old_test_table (select * from test_table as of timestamp to_timestamp('24-AUG-06 12:00:00','DD-MON-YY HH24:MI:SS')) /

Export a database from a point in time exp / file=full_scr9.dmp log=full_scr9.log flashback_time=TO_TIMESTAMP('10-092006 09:00:00', 'DD-MM-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')

exp / parfile=full_scr9.par

parfile... userid=system/****** file=full_scr9.dmp log=full_scr9.log flashback_time='2006-09-13 12:00:00'

Find the current SCN number select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual /

Set the database recovery directory and size

These settings are dynamic alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='<path>' scope=both / alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=<size> scope=both /

Set the flashback database retention target alter system set db_flashback_retention_target=<minutes> scope=both /

Turn on flashback database shutdown immediate startup mount alter database flashback on; alter database open;

What is the earliest time the database can be flashed back to? select oldest_flashback_scn scn , to_char(oldest_flashback_time, 'hh24:mi:ss dd/mm/yyyy') oldest_time from v$flashback_database_log /

Get a list of times and scn numbers set pages 999 select scn , to_char(time_dp, 'hh24:mi:ss dd/mm/yyyy') time from smon_scn_time order by scn /

Flash the database back shutdown immediate startup mount exclusive

flashback database to scn <scn>;

or... flashback database to timestamp to_timestamp('22/04/2007 19:30:00','dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss');

alter database open resetlogs;

Manual upgrade from 9i to 10g Release 2 This procedure describes the steps necessary to manually upgrade a database from 9.2.x to 10.2.x. It assumes that you have already installed 10g onto the server. Of course, it is essential that you take a backup of your database before attempting any upgrade. •

1. Compile any invalid objects

@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql •

2. Create a sysaux tablespace

Having a sysaux tablespace is a requirement in 10g. So, if you haven't already got one, create one now. create tablespace sysaux datafile '' size 512M

extent management local segment space management auto / •

3. Run utlu102i.sql

This utility script checks that the database is ready to be upgraded to 10g. It also identifies any actions that need to be taken. The script is located in the 10g oracle home, so you will need to specify the full path to it. @/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/admin/utlu102i.sql

Review the output and make any necessary alterations. Make a note of how many invalid objects there are. •

4. Shut the database down with either normal or immediate

shutdown immediate •

5. Copy the spfile (or pfile) and the password file from the existing home to the 10g one.

cp ${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/*${ORACLE_SID}* /dbs/ •

6. Edit oratab

Alter /etc/oratab (or /var/opt/oracle/oratab) to point to the10g home. Once done, rerun oraenv to bring the alteration into effect. •

7. Upgrade the database

sqlplus "/ as sysdba" startup upgrade

This next bit is the upgrade itself. It takes roughly half an hour to complete. Spool the output to a file so that you can review it afterward. @?/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql •

8. Recompile any invalid objects

@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

Compare the number of invalid objects with the number noted in step 3. It should hopefully be the same or less. •

9. Then check the status of the upgrade

@?/rdbms/admin/utlu102s.sql •

10. Alter or remove initialisation parameters

Temporarily creating a pfile is the easiest way.

create pfile from spfile; shutdown immediate vi ${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora

Alter/remove parameters identified in step 9. Set compatible to 10.2.0.0.0 startup

create spfile from pfile; shutdown immediate startup That's it!

Capture all SQL run between two points in time tnsManager - Distribute tnsnames the easy way and for free! There are situations where it is useful to capture the SQL that a particular user is running in the database. Usually you would simply enable session tracing for that user, but there are two potential problems with that approach. The first is that many web based applications maintain a pool of persistent database connections which are shared amongst multiple users. The second is that some applications connect, run some SQL and disconnect very quickly, making it tricky to enable session tracing at all (you could of course use a logon trigger to enable session tracing in this case). A quick and dirty solution to the problem is to capture all SQL statements that are run between two points in time. The following procedure will create two tables, each containing a snapshot of the database at a particular point. The tables will then be queried to produce a list of all SQL run during that period. If possible, you should do this on a quiet development system - otherwise you risk getting way too much data back. •

1. Take the first snapshot Run the following sql to create the first snapshot:

• • • • • •

create select , from /

• • •

3. Take the second snapshot

table sql_exec_before as executions hash_value v$sqlarea

2. Get the user to perform their task within the application select from

aft.hash_value sql_exec_before bef

• • • • •

, sql_exec_after aft where aft.executions > bef.executions and aft.hash_value = bef.hash_value (+) /

4. Check the results Now that you have captured the SQL it is time to query the results. This first query will list all query hashes that have been executed:

• • • • • •

select aft.hash_value from sql_exec_before bef , sql_exec_after aft where aft.executions > bef.executions and aft.hash_value = bef.hash_value (+) /

This one will display the hash and the SQL itself: set pages 999 lines 100 break on hash_value select hash_value , sql_text from v$sqltext where hash_value in ( select aft.hash_value from sql_exec_before bef , sql_exec_after aft where aft.executions > bef.executions and aft.hash_value = bef.hash_value (+) ) order by hash_value , piece / •

5. Tidy up Don't forget to remove the snapshot tables once you've finished:

• • • • •

drop table sql_exec_before / drop table sql_exec_after /

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