Iim R.docx

The increasing use of qualitative approaches in statistics education research has extended and enriched our understanding of statistical cognition processes, and thus facilitated improvements in statistical education and practices. Yet conceptual analysis, a fundamental part of the scientific method and arguably the primary qualitative method insofar as it is logically prior and equally applicable to all other empirical research methods—quantitative, qualitative, and mixed—has been largely overlooked

Impulse purchasing is global. Lee and Kacen (2008) show how pervasive the behavior is across cultures. The authors’ focus is on understanding cultural factors that entice customers not only to engage in unplanned purchasing, but also to repeat that behavior. An interesting observation is that in collectivist cultures, as embodied in their research by samples from Malaysia and Singapore, customers tend to gain higher levels of satisfaction from impulse buying when others are present. The conclusion is that * The traditional definition of a durable good is a product with a life cycle of 5–10 years. Durable goods are replaced less often and therefore cost more than nondurable, or fastmoving, consumer goods. 146 • The Dirty Side of the Garment Industry peer accord increases impulse purchasing because of the affirmation of a social circle. The implications from this conclusion are very important, because they reveal certain facts about the societal embrace of impulse purchasing in the developing world. As noted, impulse purchasing was invented, so to speak, by Western marketers. Its foundations were laid in America, where marketing models at the retail level have fine-tuned the promotional tactics of enticement that increase impulse purchasing. Impulse purchasing has been so prolific in impacting consumer behavior that it has become the defining way in which Americans shop. This is the case because all purchase excursions, planned or spontaneous, tend to include the buying of items customers did not plan on purchasing. Impulse purchasing is behind the problem of irresponsible spending that has resulted in such cultural phenomena as hoarding and credit-card debt issues that increasingly lead to bankruptcy (Zhu, 2011). Irresponsible spending is a problem in the West because of the high discretionary spending brackets previously discussed It is important to note the inception of the impulse-buying model, because impulse purchasing was first observed, analyzed, and promoted as a business model in clothing and home good retail environments. 134 • The Dirty Side of the Garment Industry Clover (1950) hypothesized that stores that were relatively more reliant on impulsive customer behavior would be less likely to make up the lost sales from the “gas holiday.” The logic is that since their business model already relied on impulse sales tactics, not much could be done to increase sales to make up for a lost day of work. However, the author found that to be true only to an extent. The findings revealed that the loss effect was mitigated by the aggressive action of retail managers in those particular stores to offer strong in-store stimuli. Taking that concept further, Applebaum (1951) noted that impulse behavior was more pronounced in environments where the natural senses were highly stimulated.

Applebaum’s research was on grocery-store impulse buying, and it was suggested that tactile stimuli, ranging from the smell of the store to samples of free food, provide a strong enticement for consumers to engage in unplanned purchasing Pg 133 and pg 134 The Dirty Side of the Garment Industry: Fast Fashion and Its Negative Impact on Environment and Society The slow fashion movement is about making the most out of your wardrobe and wearing your clothes again and again. It’s about ending our relationship with fast fashion through choosing quality over quantity. One easy way to start embracing slow fashion is through the #30wears campaign This isn’t about giving up buying new clothes altogether, after all, we all need something to wear and many of us get a lot of pleasure from buying clothes. It’s about changing the way we approach shopping and owning clothes. It’s about thinking of your clothes as an investment rather than something disposable. We can reduce the amount of clothing ending up in landfill if we just keep our clothes a little longer (helping to reduce your carbon footprint too). The average woman keeps a piece of clothing in her wardrobe for only 5 weeks

http://www.thesustainableedit.com/the-30-wears-campaign/

However, the number of times "inexpensive" appears in a text might be more indicative of importance. Knowing that "inexpensive" appeared 50 times, for example, compared to 15 appearances of "coverage for everyone," might lead a researcher to interpret that Clinton is trying to sell his health care plan based more on economic benefits, not comprehensive coverage. Knowing that "inexpensive" appeared, but not that it appeared 50 times, would not allow the researcher to make this interpretation, regardless of whether it is valid or not. Once the research question has been established, the researcher must make his/her coding choices with respect to the eight category coding steps indicated by Carley (1992)

Miller goes on to explain that commercial advertisements are designed to trick consumers into associating positive emotions such as personal satisfaction and social acceptance with particular products, despite there being no legitimate connection between the two. Advertisements are thus effectively tricks which covertly alter a consumer’s mindset so that he or she views the world as the advertiser sees fit

Tim Kasser, a professor at Knox College, argues that consumerism actually makes people less happy, and thus the United States and Europe are psychologically worse off than ever before. Morgan asserts that the entire world is locked into a system of “consumer capitalism” in which elites (the government and big corporations) require increasingly high levels of consumption for their own

continuity, even though it depresses Westerners, oppresses the global poor, and destroys the environment. In the words of John Hilary, Executive Director of the “War on Want,” “Business through advertising has pulled society along into this belief that happiness is based on stuff, this belief that true happiness can only be achieved by annual, seasonal, weekly, daily, increasing the amount of stuff you bring into your life,” according to Patagonia’s Vice President of Environmental Affairs. Though the film optimistically hopes for a reorganization of the whole fashion industry and the entire international trade system, it explicitly states that the change should start with the individual consumer, since that is what drives the whole process

https://reasonpapers.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/rp_372_20.pdf

https://www.ft.com/content/e427327e-5892-11e8-b8b2-d6ceb45fa9d0 good times ended in 2001. The factory where he had worked for a decade — a supplier to the retailer BHS — closed down because, he says, production moved to Sri Lanka. It had done well to hold out so long. Retailers had already started “chasing the cheap needle round the planet”