If And The Conditional
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IF AND THE CONDITIONAL There are four main types of 'if' sentences in English: 1. The 'zero' conditional, where the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present: 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + simple simple present present If you heat it melts. ice you get wet If it rains In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible. They are often used to refer to general truths.
2. The Type 1 conditional, where the tense in the 'if clause is the simple present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + simple Simple present future If it rains you will get If you don't wet hurry we will miss the train. In these sentences, the time is the present or future and the situation is real. They refer to a possible condition and its probable result. 3. The Type 2 conditional, where the tense in the 'if'
clause is the simple past, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional: 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + simple Present past conditional If it rained you would If you went get wet to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired. In these sentences, the time is now or any time, and the situation is unreal. They are not based on fact, and they refer to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. 4. The Type 3 conditional, where the tense in the 'if'
clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional: 'IF' CLAUSE If + past perfect If it had rained If you had worked harder
MAIN CLAUSE Perfect conditional you would have got wet you would have passed the exam.
In these sentences, the time is past, and the situation is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed, and they refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result.
A further type if 'if' sentence exists, where Type 2 and Type 3 are mixed. The tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional: 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + past Present perfect conditional If I had I would have worked a better job harder at now. school we wouldn't If we had be lost. looked at the map In these sentences, the time is past in the 'if' clause, and
present in the main clause. They refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. Online exercises http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionaltype1.htm http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionaltype2.htm http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionaltype3.htm http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionalmixed1.htm Match the sentence on the left to the sentence on the right. 1. If I were you, 2. She would
have had time 3. I will phone him 4. If you came for dinner, 5. She would have missed the train 6. What would you do 7. If you stopped drinking, 8. If I had been offered the job, 9. If you meet my boss, 10. If you won the prize,
2. The Type 1 conditional, where the tense in the 'if clause is the simple present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + simple Simple present future If it rains you will get If you don't wet hurry we will miss the train. In these sentences, the time is the present or future and the situation is real. They refer to a possible condition and its probable result. 3. The Type 2 conditional, where the tense in the 'if'
clause is the simple past, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional: 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + simple Present past conditional If it rained you would If you went get wet to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired. In these sentences, the time is now or any time, and the situation is unreal. They are not based on fact, and they refer to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. 4. The Type 3 conditional, where the tense in the 'if'
clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional: 'IF' CLAUSE If + past perfect If it had rained If you had worked harder
MAIN CLAUSE Perfect conditional you would have got wet you would have passed the exam.
In these sentences, the time is past, and the situation is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed, and they refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result.
A further type if 'if' sentence exists, where Type 2 and Type 3 are mixed. The tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional: 'IF' CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE If + past Present perfect conditional If I had I would have worked a better job harder at now. school we wouldn't If we had be lost. looked at the map In these sentences, the time is past in the 'if' clause, and
present in the main clause. They refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. Online exercises http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionaltype1.htm http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionaltype2.htm http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionaltype3.htm http://www.smic.be/smic5 022/conditionalmixed1.htm Match the sentence on the left to the sentence on the right. 1. If I were you, 2. She would
have had time 3. I will phone him 4. If you came for dinner, 5. She would have missed the train 6. What would you do 7. If you stopped drinking, 8. If I had been offered the job, 9. If you meet my boss, 10. If you won the prize,
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