Ieo Report 26-12-2014.docx

A STUDY OF

“UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME” (UNDP) UNDER THE PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR MBA PROGRAMME

SUBMITTED BY: AKSHAY VAVDIYA (13M38) ANITH LUKOSE (13F39) MEHUL GONDALIYA (13M52)

SUBMITTED TO: DR. YOGESH C. JOSHI

SUBJECT: INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS

G. H. PATEL POST GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY VALLABH VIDYANAGAR BATCH: - 2013-2015

PREFACE G. H. Patel Postgraduate Institute of Business Management is a reputed institute which was established in 1989. The course of Marketing Research in M.B.A program of this institute provides opportunities for the students to carry out practical research on the various topics of their choice for the purpose of survey. We have carried out our project on the topic named “united nation development programme” (UNDP). .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The completion of this study would have been impossible without the valuable contributions of people from the academics, family and friends. We hereby wish to express our sincere gratitude to all those who supported us throughout the project.

We would like to express our profound gratitude to Dr. Yogesh C. Joshi, Professor, G.H. Patel Post Graduate Institute of Business Management whose guidance and support was significant in the successful completion of the project. Group Members:Akshay Vavdiya (13M38) Anith Lukose (13F39) Mehul Gondaliya (13M52)

DECLARATION We hereby declare that the report for project entitled named “united nation development programme” (UNDP). Is a result of our own work and our indebtedness to other work publications, references, if any, have been duly Acknowledged.

Date: -

Group Members:Akshay Vavdiya (13M38) Anith Lukose (13F39) Mehul Gondaliya (13M52)

CHAPTER -1

Introduction

The Global Compact challenges businesses around the world to take greater responsibility in society and act upon a set of universally recognized principles in the areas of human rights, labor rights and the environment. It also encourages businesses to engage with the United Nations and other organizations concerned with peace and development in concrete projects to promote the principles and broader societal challenges. The United Nations Development Programmers (UNDP) is one of four UN agencies supporting the implementation of the Global Compact. Through its worldwide network of country offices and its role as the overall coordinator of UN activities at the country level, UNDP holds the primary responsibility for introducing and operational zing the Global Compact at the field level in developing countries and countries with emerging economies. It does so in close coordination with other UN agencies. The Global Compact is an important framework for initiating and building action-oriented relationships between business and other sectors, including governments, civil society and the UN, in support of numerous development challenges. Based on the commitment to introduce the Global Compact at a local and practical level, UNDP together with the other UN agencies supporting the Global Compact (ILO, OHCHR, UNEP) have prepared a basic and suggestive conceptual framework for how this could be done. The four main components of this framework are: 1. outreach and advocacy; 2. policy dialogue; 3. Partnership projects and initiatives.

To date, the Global Compact has been initiated, or is in the process of being initiated, in the following developing countries and countries with emerging economies: China, India, Lebanon, The Philippines, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Panama, Latvia, Turkey, Poland, Thailand, Malaysia, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil and Russia. In all areas of its work, UNDP encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women, minorities and the poorest and most vulnerable. UNDP receives voluntary contributions from nearly every country in the world. UNDP is acknowledged for its Human Development Report, which, after 20 years of publication, The New York Times called “the authoritative measure of poverty and deprivation.” CNN referred to the 2002 Arab Human Development Report as “the most influential piece of writing of the last decade” on governance in the Arab world. Because of its mandate and its strong, continuous and neutral presence in most developing countries, UNDP coordinates all United Nations (UN) development activities at the country level as manager of the UN Country Team. UNDP supports the global push to achieve the MDGs in several ways, including: Coordinating the UN’s efforts to monitor countries’ rates of MDG achievement; Providing policy and technical advice to countries as they work to achieve the MDGs; Working with countries on in-depth country analyses and reports on MDG progress, both negative and positive. UNDP also administers the UN Capital Development Fund, which promotes microfinance in 48 least developed countries; and UN Volunteers, which fields over 7,300 volunteers from 160 countries in support of peace and development through volunteerism worldwide. Throughout all of our programming, UNDP works to empower people’s lives while helping nations become more resilient. UNDP sponsors innovative pilot projects and locally-based development programs. We provide countries with the know-how to access and manage national and international resources. UNDP supports the achievement of the MDGs — a set of targets agreed to by world leaders to halve poverty by 2015 — by supporting Governments as they work toward the MDGs. We also work with countries and partners to strengthen their national response to HIV and AIDS.UNDP believes that democratic governance is crucial to bringing about positive change in nations and communities. It supports governments to establish responsive and independent electoral, judicial and security institutions and methods that promote fair, inclusive elections and rule of law, with a special focus on women and marginalized groups. UNDP helps countries to prevent conflict, reduce the risk of natural hazards and disasters, and recover following crises. It strengthens development gains in post-crisis countries by addressing the underlying causes of violence; reinforcing governance and the rule of law; supporting livelihoods;

and by using short-term employment schemes that allow local people to rebuild critical infrastructure following disaster. UNDP is also the leading implementer of programming for the Global Environment Facility and a range of other climate-related funds. It is critical to strengthen the ability of nations to manage the environment in a sustainable manner that, at the same time, advances poverty reduction efforts. Poverty Reduction & Achieving the MDGs UNDP believes that countries and their citizens are best positioned to create their own poverty eradication strategies, based on local needs and priorities. Democratic Governance UNDP is the only UN development agency with a specific mandate to promote democratic governance. Crisis Prevention & Recovery UNDP’s work in crisis prevention and recovery helps countries prevent armed conflict; alleviate the effects of disasters from natural hazards and build back better and stronger when crises happen. Environment & Sustainable Development UNDP is an important player in initiatives around the world that focus on forestry, energy access for the poor, desertification, biodiversity conservation, water, reducing carbon emissions and coping with climate change. UNDP, with its partners, employed more than 300,000 Haitians and cleared more than 7 million cubic meters of debris since the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Review of Literatures 1) UNDP official to lead Afghan recovery efforts TNN Nov 27, 2001, 01.09am IST New Delhi: un secretary general Kofiannan has named UNDP administrator mark Malloch brown to lead the initial united nations recovery efforts in Afghanistan. Brown will be working under the overall coordination of Annan's special representative for Afghanistan, Lkhdarbrahimi. UNDP press release here, clarified that the un does not intend to run Afghanistan for the next few years. Rather, the effort will be to "deploy support to an afghan-led government and administration." brown said he will work to develop a "coherent recovery and reconstruction plan" with which we can quickly procure international donor support. Brown said he will be looking for a five-year commitment from donors to avoid a gap between short term relief and long term reconstruction efforts. According to brown, while no funding estimate is available, the 6.5 billion we dollars allocated to Mozambique.

2) Into the 'UN' known Jayanti Ghose, TNN Sep 20, 2004, 01.39pm IST Fifty-one nations across the globe founded the United Nations (UN) on October 24, 1945. The objective: a firm commitment to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every country across the world is a member of the UN. The UN is headquartered in New York. The United Nations Volunteers programme (UNV) is the volunteer arm of the United Nations created by the UN General Assembly in 1970 to serve as an operational partner in development cooperation at the request of UN member states. UNV reports to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and works through UNDP's country offices around the world. July 21, 2004 BANGALORE: The RSS on Tuesday took exception to what it called "defamatory references" against India in the recently released United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report.RSS joint spokesperson Ram Madhav told reporters here: "They have made a reference that communal tension and Hindu fundamentalism are on the rise in India. It is a matter that is internal to India and does not come under their purview."He also objected to a reference about uniform civil code and contended that such references lowered India's dignity and image. "The report is supposed to give information about a country's developmental activities, and should not refer to internal matters.

3) Breaking barriers among children TNN Feb 18, 2002, 11.22pm IST Bangalore: the United Nations development programme, implemented by the department of welfare of disabled in Karnataka, on held a workshop on `barrier-free environment for children with disabilities', on Monday. The workshop stressed on the need to break barriers for physically challenged children in areas of education and their overall growth. Under the UNDP programme in Karnataka, children up to 14 years from six districts will be covered, with the objective to make them adaptable to society. According to the UNDP latest survey, 7,224 children have been found disabled. As per the action plan, training programmes will be conducted in districts to create a barrier-free environment by March 2002.

4) Workshop held on disaster management TNN Jul 7, 2003, 11.02pm IST AHMEDABAD: Chief Minister Narendra Modi on Monday advocated the need for an international body to deal with disaster management."What the world needs today is a 'save human force' on the lines of the peacekeeping force. The co-ordination of the force could be taken up by the United Nations," Modi said on Monday while inaugurating a two-day workshop on "Preparedness and mitigation of earthquake vulnerability in major cities of India. June 28, 2003, "LUCKNOW: The training program for parents of disabled children jointly organized by United Nations Development (UNDP) Programme and Handicapped Welfare Department concluded at Drishti Samajik Sansthan on Friday. During the month-long program, 41 training camps were organized at different places in Mall block in which, 1,300 parents were trained, and told about reasons of disability, prevention of disability, education, ultimate rehabilitation of handicapped children, etc.

5) Why PM skipped UNDP report release Nitin Sethi, TNN Dec 1, 2007, 02.36am IST NEW DELHI: It was a vigilant government which thwarted what it suspected to be an attempt by UNDP to get an endorsement for its Human Development Report that is at odds with the country's consistent stand on how to tackle climate change. While government's unease was bluntly articulated in public by deputy chairman of the Planning Commission, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, sources said that disagreement with the contents of the HDR was why Prime Minister Manmohan Singh excused himself from releasing the report. Sources said that officials who had gone through an advance copy of the HDR took care to alert the Prime Minister that the report argued for India to accept mandatory emission cuts. Releasing it on November 27 in the Capital, Ahluwalia trashed it for being "unethical." The report, released days before global negotiations on climate change begin in Bali on December 3, justified its recommendation that India undertake emission cuts by claiming that the country's total emissions were fast increasing. This approach runs contrary to the provisions of the existing UN Framework Convention on Climate Change which demands emission cuts only from rich countries as they are responsible for 70% of the accumulated emissions and continue to be the biggest per capita emitters, by far."The UNDP report and some other reports released recently by international NGOs like Greenpeace subvert the accepted logic by arguing about inequities within countries like India and then pointing out how India's overall emissions are rising," a senior official explained while giving the government's reason for being sceptical of such reports. 6) Crocs coming out of artificially eggs in Orissa PTI Aug 14, 2008, 01.50pm IST KENDRAPARA: Wildlife lovers are jubilant as babies of estuarine crocodiles have emerged out of the artificially hatched eggshells in the crocodile research farm of Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary in Orissa.As part of 'rear and release' programme of these endangered species, eggs collected from the wild were hatched artificially, said Rajnagar mangrove (wildlife) division officials. Orissa's Ganjam is among four districts in the country selected by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for implementation of public private community partnership (PPCP) from this year. The PPCP is a new concept for rural development involving private parties and communities to derive maximum benefit for livelihood support.

7) Workshop on panchayat election TNN Dec 16, 2009, 10.17pm IST VARANASI: The United Nations Development Programme( UPDP) is going to hold a two-day workshop on panchayat election voter awareness campaign on December 22 and 23. According to project manager Kumar AnuragPratap, representatives of different organisations from all over the country would take part in the workshop. 8) High infant mortality worries PM TNN Oct 1, 2005, 12.47am IST NEW DELHI: Prime minister Manmohan Singh on Thursday expressed deep concern over India's "atrociously high" infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate as mentioned in the UNDP's recent human development report. While reviewing the functioning of the health ministry, Dr Singh told health minister A Ramadoss to develop sustained state wise strategies to bring the figures under control and also call a chief minister's meeting to discuss the strategies. The PM has also asked the ministry to prepare an annual district health profile status, practiced in India during the days of the British Raj. 9) UNDP administrator to visit Rajasthan, focus on NREGS PJ Joychen, TNN Mar 5, 2010, 07.43am IST JAIPUR: Helen Clark, the administrator of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) who will be on her maiden five-day visit to India beginning on Friday, will also visit Rajasthan. The purpose of her visit to the desert state is to get first-hand information on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGS) in the state and to witness the change that it has brought about in peoples' lives under the scheme. It is the largest employment guarantee scheme in the world which guarantees 100 days of paid work to any household that demands it. Clark will go to Bhilwara district on Saturday, the parliamentary constituency of Union minister C P Joshi, and also meet the women panchayat leaders there to witness the changes brought about in their lives by the programme. UNDP supports the ministry of panchayati raj in capacity building of locally elected representatives.

10) State CEO to attend UNDP meet TNN Feb 25, 2011, 11.45am IST PATNA: Chief Electoral Officer (CEO) of Bihar Sudhir Kumar Rakesh will represent the Election Commission of India in Botswana to participate in an UNDP-sponsored programme scheduled to be held from March 2 to 9 in the African country. Rakesh will be the only representative from India to participate in seminar on UNDP Global Practice meeting on "South-South Cooperation in Electoral Cycle Support”. He will also attend another conference in Botswana on "Global Electoral Organization". 11) UNDP unveils robust environmental strategy IANS Oct 18, 2012, 07.12PM IST HYDERABAD: The UN Development Programme (UNDP) on Thursday unveiled a robust environmental strategy to address unprecedented levels of global biodiversity loss. The new strategy was adopted during the 11th Conference of Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity here, a UNDP statement said. It calls for a significant scaling up of investments in 100 countries by 2020.As part of the plan, UNDP will work with governments to save biodiversity and manage eco-systems across 1.4 billion hectares of land and bodies of water, comparable to the area of Australia, India and Argentina combined."Human survival depends heavily on biodiversity and healthy ecosystems, yet in recent decades, the world has experienced unprecedented biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, undermining the very foundations of life on earth," said UN Under-Secretary-General and UNDP Associate Administrator Rebeca Grynspan."As 1.2 billion people living in severe poverty depend directly on nature for their basic needs and livelihoods, this needs urgent international attention. "Under this new strategy, UNDP will work with governments to find new ways to finance biodiversity management through domestic revenue, innovative financial mechanisms, and donor funding from a range of sources. This includes the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which serves as the financial mechanism of the Convention on Biological Diversity and has been a major driver for conservation in the past two decades. The funding will be used for projects which foster economic growth, create jobs, protect endangered species and habitats, and help build resilient communities that maintain natural areas for agricultural support and as a buffer against natural disasters such as droughts and floods. UNDP manages the largest portfolio of biodiversity and ecosystems work in the UN system, with 512 projects in 146 countries. 13. Urban India has a high incidence of poverty despite being hailed as an engine of growth and instrument of globalization. Eighty-one million people subsist in urban areas on incomes that are

below the poverty line. The pace of urbanization in India is set to increase, and with it, urban poverty and urban slums. However, public policy measures for urban India have lacked focus and proper allocation of funds. There is thus an urgent need at the national level to document the key issues in urban poverty, to assess the tasks at hand, and plan for the future. United Nations Development Program India: Urban Poverty Report 2009 It is possible that poverty will be halved by 2015, but by no means certain. The states in India's heartland like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttarakhand are unlikely to achieve the targets if its laws remained as usual. The proportion of poor in these states is currently at 64 % of the countries poor and this is likely to increase to 71 % by 2015. The number of poor in 2015 is likely to be 279 million at all-India level,” United Nations Development Report 2009-10. 12) Minar Pimple, MDG Asia-Pacific Regional Director, Millennium Development goals India Country Report. To meet the national as well as internationally accepted Millennium Development Goals, the first thing Mr. Modi decided was to declare 2008-2009 as the Year of Healthy Child. More than 100,000 people from all walks of life from distant places, including ministers, members of the legislative assembly, Panchayat representatives, government officials, frontline workers, NGOs, professionals, eminent social workers and parents gathered to participate in the launch ceremony. The main objective of “Nirogi BalVarsh” campaign was to focus on holistic development of all children in terms of their physical, mental, social and emotional health. India is not aid-dependent any more. It has its own resources which are growing with increased allocation for social programmes. It has one of world’s biggest social security programmes in the form of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme. Legislative initiatives like right to information, right to education, the under formulation food security bill, and the under discussion right to health are the steps in right direction towards achieving the development goals. According to the India Country Report 2009, the review report on the development towards the MDGs, India lags far behind the goals in reducing maternal and child mortality, sanitation and gender empowerment.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Following are the major objective of our study. a) To study organization and structure of UNDP. b) To study about Millennium development goals of UNDP in India. c) To study the function of UNDP in India. d) To review the current progress of each goal of UNDP in India.

METHODOLOGY Secondary information was accessed from the following sources: a) Journals b) UNDP’S website

SCOPE OF THE STUDY This is a micro-level study of the organization which means that this study will be focusing on the internal factors of the organization such as the activities, functions and processes of the organization, the basic framework under which it works, the agency through which its activities and processes are monitored and controlled and the various other organisations international and regional who cooperate for the efficient and effective operation of UNDP globally and regionally. This study will focus on the how UNDP and its activities has enhanced the human development across the globe.

LIMITATIONS The first limitation of our study is that the study totally relies on the data collected through the official website of the organization. This means that the ground realities of the organization, which could have been gathered through personnel interaction is not available. Therefore, the exact measurement of its effectiveness cannot be realized.

CHAPTER -2 Introduction of UNDP The UNDP was founded on 22 November 1965 with the merger of the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance or EPTA and the United Nations Special Fund. In 1971, the two organizations were fully combined into UNDP. The rationale was to "avoid duplication of [their] activities". The EPTA was to help the economic and political aspects of underdeveloped countries while the Special Fund was to enlarge the scope of UN technical assistance. Since 1966, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been partnering with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of live for everyone. UNDP works in four main areas: poverty reduction and achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); democratic governance; crisis prevention and recovery; environment and sustainable development.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations global development network. It advocates for change and connects countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. UNDP operates in 177 countries, working with nations on their own solutions to global and national development challenges. As they develop local capacity, they draw on the people of UNDP and its wide range of partners.

UNDP is an executive board within the United Nations General Assembly. The UNDP Administrator is the third highest-ranking official of the United Nations after the United Nations Secretary-General and Deputy Secretary-General. Headquartered in New York City, the UNDP is funded entirely by voluntary contributions from member nations. The organization has country offices in 177 countries, where it works with local governments to meet development challenges and develop local capacity. Additionally, the UNDP works internationally to help countries achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). UNDP provides expert advice, training, and grant support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries. To accomplish the MDGs and encourage global development, UNDP focuses on poverty reduction, HIV/AIDS, democratic governance, energy and environment, social development, and crisis prevention and recovery. UNDP also encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women in all of its programs.

Furthermore, the UNDP Human Development Report Office publishes an annual Human Development Report (since 1990) to measure and analyse developmental progress. In addition to a global Report, UNDP publishes regional, national, and local Human Development Reports. UNDP partners with people at all levels of society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we offer global perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations.

World leaders have pledged to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, including the overarching goal of cutting poverty in half by 2015. UNDP's network links and coordinates global and national efforts to reach these Goals. Our focus is helping countries build and share solutions to the challenges of: a) Poverty Reduction and Achievement of the MDGs b) Democratic Governance c) Crisis Prevention and Recovery d) Environment and Energy for Sustainable Development UNDP helps developing countries attract and use aid effectively. In all our activities, we encourage the protection of human rights, capacity development and the empowerment of women. The annual Human Development Report, commissioned by UNDP, focuses the global debate on key development issues, providing new measurement tools, innovative analysis and often controversial policy proposals. The global Report's analytical framework and inclusive approach carry over into regional, national and local Human Development Reports, also supported by UNDP. In each country office, the UNDP Resident Representative normally also serves as the Resident Coordinator of development activities for the United Nations system as a whole. Through such coordination, UNDP seeks to ensure the most effective use of UN and international aid resources.

UNDP Member Countries Many of UNDP's relationships with countries and territories on the ground exceed 60 years. Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Dem. Republic of), Congo (Republic of), Costa Rica, Cuba, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq (Republic of), Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian People, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, São Tomé and Principe, Tajikistan, Tanzania, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

UNDP INDIA – Code of Conduct Vision We are committed to working with national partners to realize a vision of development for India that is sustainable, inclusive, equitable and just. A vision in which vulnerable and excluded women, children, adolescents and men are empowered as active agents of change and benefit to a fair extent from the processes of growth and have greater access to economic, political and social assets and services. Mission We focus our work in those states where human development needs and deprivations are greatest, where inequality and exclusion persist and where social unrest and exclusion arising from civil strife exists. We provide evidence-based policy options that build on best practices globally and demonstrate innovative cross-sectoral responses and models with the potential to build lasting solutions at scale. Ultimately, the value added by UNDP and the UN system is in designing and

sharing solutions within and between countries that will have a transformational impact on the ability of people to lead healthy, productive and dignified lives. Core Values In all that we do, we seek to advocate and promote the values of Human rights and social justice a) Gender-based equity and equality b) Low carbon, climate resilient, sustainable development c) Professionalism and technical excellence Code of Conduct Each one of us who works in UNDP India is making significant contributions everyday towards empowering women, men and children to overcome deprivation and exclusion. At the All Staff Retreat at Tarudhan Valley in September 2011, we endorsed UNDP’s agenda for change and will at the country level move from great to greater by adopting the following actions and code of conduct. We will truly value each and every colleague for their individual contributions to our team goals and to the overall goals of UNDP India. Whenever possible, we will make an effort to convey our genuine appreciation for individual contributions, however small or big. Each one of us will be prepared and willing to do whatever it takes to ensure that UNDP always measures up to the highest standards of quality services to our beneficiaries, that UNDP is always truly valued for contributing to just and sustainable human development in India. We will go the extra mile whenever possible. We will undertake even the smallest task with the full awareness that every little action we take in our office should ultimately make positive changes in the lives of women, men and children. Each one of us will display leadership in ensuring that all processes are efficiently, transparently and accountably carried out while reducing procedural burden on staff. Each one of us in leadership positions at all levels will undertake to lead by example, to actively encourage trustworthiness, professionalism and mutual respect, and foster interpersonal transactions based on fairness and empathy. We embrace diversity. We treat problems as possibilities; as opportunities. We use problems to find more innovative solutions, to better ourselves at problem solving, to develop new partnerships, to learn to do things differently and even unlearn some ways of working. We are individually and collectively committed to making our organization develop from great to greater. Like the resilient and ever expanding Banyan Tree, with its rich foliage, interconnected roots and branches, we will continue to reach out and explore new partnerships for growth and development while deepening our commitment to the people of India.

Organizational Structure of UNDP Following is the structure of the UNDP:

UNDP and the UN System In India, the UNDP Resident Representative is also the UN Resident Coordinator (UNRC) representing the UN system in India. As the chair of the UN Country Team (a team comprising the heads of UN agencies), the Resident Coordinator provides overall leadership for the United Nations strategic initiatives and the operational framework for development in India. The effectiveness of the UN Resident Coordinator System is central to providing ever higher quality services to programme countries to enable them to accelerate MDG progress, advance peace and stability and achieve sustainable human development. According to UNDP Administrator Helen Clark, “When we empower Resident Coordinators and UN Country Teams, streamline decision-making, and lay out clear lines of accountability, we do improve the coherence, effectiveness, and efficiency of the UN at the country level.” There are 23 UN agencies working in India. Most of them have offices in India, and a few who do not, are supporting projects. The UNCT developed the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), India for the period of 2008 to 2012. The overarching objective of the UNDAF is to promote social, economic and political inclusion of the most disadvantaged, especially women and girls and the specific goals are in line with the national priorities of the Government of India’s 11th Five-Year Plan. UNDP was an active partner in the development of the UNDAF. It is also the lead agency for many of the thematic clusters such as Governance for implementation, monitoring and evaluation of specific outputs and outcomes under the UNDAF. Joint efforts As part of a joint UN initiative, UNDP supports Solution Exchange – an online platform that brings together development practitioners through Communities of Practice (CoP). As part of this initiative, UNDP leads four CoPs - Decentralisation, Microfinance, Disaster Management and Climate Change. UNDP chairs the Operations Management Team (OMT) and have been working with UN agencies to minimise operational costs by agreeing on common services.

CHAPTER-3 Role of UNDP UNDP is the UN’s global development network – an organization advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. On the ground in 166 countries, UNDP works to assist national counterparts on their own solutions to global and national development challenges, considering rule of law an indispensable factor for the enhancement of human development and the reduction of conflict, poverty and insecurity. Rule of Law is a core pillar of UNDP’s work – falling within the Focus Areas of both Democratic Governance and Crisis Prevention & Recovery. UNDP’s work on rule of law, justice and security seeks to enhance physical and legal protection of people and communities, ensuring legal representation, access to justice and empowerment of communities and civil society. Programmes work to develop capacities of justice and law-enforcement institutions, and ensure that security providers are subject to civilian oversight. With an in-country presence spanning developing countries and conflict affected and fragile situations, UNDP assumes a pivotal role in providing rule of law assistance to countries in order to help mitigate the impact of armed conflict, serious criminal violence or political upheaval. UNDP’s Global Programme on Strengthening the Rule of Law in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations forms the blueprint for UNDP’s engagement on rule of law, justice and security in crisis contexts. It establishes close linkages between protection and the rule of law, and between humanitarian action and development principles. The Global Programme has continued to strengthen UNDP’s rule of law, justice and security portfolio. Supporting comprehensive Programmes in over 20 conflict and post-conflict situations, with a total programming value of over USD 220 million, this has made UNDP one of the largest service providers on rule of law in the UN system. Assistance endeavors to respond to urgent needs for justice and security, and also lay early foundations for recovery and long-term development. Rule of law Programmes are delivering tangible results on legal aid, justice and security service provision, security sector governance, and addressing sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Consolidated programmes have been developed in Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea Bissau, Guinea (Conakry), Haiti, Iraq, Kosovo (UN administered territory), Liberia, Nepal, the occupied Palestinian territory, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan (North and South), and

Timor-Leste. Joint programmes with DPKO, UNHCR, UNODC and UN Women continue to deepen impact on the ground where it is most needed. The Global Programme is a vehicle for UNDP to engage in policy debates around rule of law, justice and security with other key UN actors. UNDP is a core participant in the Rule of Law Resource and Coordination Group (RoLCRG). In 2010, UNDP also reassumed its role as co-chair of the Inter Agency Security Sector Reform Task Force (together with DPKO). In addition, UNDP is co-leading the roll-out of the ‘Team of Experts’ envisioned under Security Council Resolution 1888 for rapid deployment ‘to situations of particular concern with respect to sexual violence in armed conflict,’ in order ‘to assist national authorities … to strengthen the rule of law.’ In complement, UNDP also has a considerable rule of law, justice and security portfolio in development contexts. UNDP supports rule of law, justice and security Programmes – including legal empowerment of the poor – in over 90 countries worldwide, and this Global Programme works to realize UNDP’s strategic objective of “effective, responsive, accessible and fair justice systems promoting the rule of law, including both formal and informal processes, with due consideration to the rights of the poor, women and vulnerable groups”. The focus is on the right of the individual to seek redress through adequate, timely and equitable justice and security services based on a balanced approach that marries bottom-up demand with strategic national capacity building and reform planning at the institutional level It has focused on four areas to achieve these ends: 1. Supporting strategic planning for successful justice and security reforms, including through developing guidance on assessing needs and capacities and measuring impact. 2. Legal empowerment, through supporting legal assistance and legal awareness. 3. Strengthening the position of women in plural legal orders. 4. Supporting UNDP country offices and national partners through facilitating of southsouth cooperation, highlighting and exchanging regional and global best practices and emerging trends and the provision of technical advisory services.

Functions of UNDP 1. Poverty reduction UNDP works to make real improvements in people’s lives, opening up their choices and opportunities Goals UNDP promotes inclusive and sustainable human development and works to reduce poverty in all its dimensions. UNDP focuses their efforts on making growth and trade benefit in developing countries. Focus areas a) Development Cooperation and Finance b) Gender and Poverty Reduction c) Inclusive development d) MDG Strategies e) Participatory Local Development f) Poverty Assessment and Monitoring g) Private Sector h) Trade, intellectual property and migration

2. Democratic governance UNDP helps countries strengthen electoral and legislative systems, improve access to justice and public administration and develop a greater capacity to deliver basic services to those most in need Goals Through its programs, UNDP brings people together within nations and around the world, fostering partnerships and sharing ways to promote participation, accountability and effectiveness at all levels. UNDP aims to build effective and capable states that are accountable and transparent, inclusive and responsive — from elections to participation of women and the poor.

Focus areas a) Access to Information and E-Governance b) Access to Justice and Rule of Law c) Anti-Corruption d) Civic Engagement e) Electoral Systems and Processes f) Human Rights g) Local governance h) Parliamentary Development i) Public Administration j) Women's Empowerment

3. Crisis prevention & recovery Helps countries prevent armed conflict, alleviate the risk and effects of disasters from natural hazards and build back better and stronger when crises happen. Goal UNDP helps more than 80 countries to prevent conflict, reduce the risk of natural hazards and disasters, and recover following crises. It strengthens development gains in post-crisis countries by addressing the underlying causes of violence; reinforcing governance and the rule of law; supporting livelihoods; and by using short-term employment schemes that allow local people to rebuild critical infrastructure following disaster. Focus areas a) Disaster Risk Reduction b) Conflict Prevention c) Rule of law, justice and security in countries affected by crisis d) Women in Conflict Prevention, Peace building and Recovery e) Immediate Crisis Response f) Livelihoods and Economic Recovery g) Crisis Governance

4. Environment and Energy UNDP helps countries strengthen their capacity to address environmental challenges like environmental degradation and lack of access to clean, affordable energy services Goal UNDP strengthens national capacity to manage the environment in a sustainable manner to advance poverty reduction efforts. Through its country teams in 135 developing countries, they help their partners build their capacity to integrate environmental considerations into development plans and strategies, establish effective partnerships, secure resources, and implement programmes to support sustainable, low-carbon, climate-resilient development pathways. Focus areas a) Water and Ocean Governance b) Sustainable Energy c) Ecosystems and Biodiversity d) Sustainable Land Management e) Protecting the Ozone Layer and Safeguarding the Global Climate f) Chemicals and Waste Management g) Green, Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies

5. HIV/aids UNDP works with countries to understand and respond to the development dimensions of HIV and health, recognizing that action outside the health sector can contribute significantly to better health outcomes. Goal UNDP supports countries to integrate attention to HIV in national planning, gender equality and MDG efforts; promote enabling human rights and legislative environments to reduce vulnerability to HIV and strengthen governance and coordination of national responses; and strengthen implementation of complex, multilateral and multi-sectoral funds and programmes including those financed by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Focus areas a) HIV Mainstreaming, Gender and MDGs b) HIV, Governance and Human Rights c) UNDP-Global Fund Partnership: HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria

6. Women's empowerment UNDP focuses on gender equality and women’s empowerment not only as human rights, but also because they are a pathway to achieving the Millennium Development Goals and sustainable development. Goals UNDP coordinates global and national efforts to integrate gender equality and women’s empowerment into poverty reduction, democratic governance, crisis prevention and recovery, and environment and sustainable development. Through their global network, they work to ensure that women have a real voice in all governance institutions, from the judiciary to the civil service, as well as in the private sector and civil society, so they can participate equally with men in public dialogue and decision-making and influence the decisions that will determine the future of their families and countries. Focus areas a) Gender and Poverty Reduction b) Women's Empowerment c) Gender and Environment and Energy d) HIV, Governance and Human Rights e) Women in Conflict Prevention, Peace building and Recovery

The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 This report examines the latest progress towards achieving the MDGs. It reaffirms that the MDGs have made a profound difference in people’s lives. Global poverty has been halved five years ahead of the 2015 timeframe. Ninety per cent of children in developing regions now enjoy primary education, and disparities between boys and girls in enrolment have narrowed. Remarkable gains have also been made in the fight against malaria and tuberculosis, along with improvements in all health indicators. The likelihood of a child dying before age five has been nearly cut in half over the last two decades. That means that about 17,000 children are saved every day. The target of halving the proportion of people who lack access to improved sources of water was also met. The concerted efforts of national governments, the international community, civil society and the private sector have helped expand hope and opportunity for people around the world. But more needs to be done to accelerate progress. We need bolder and focused action where significant gaps and disparities exist. Member States are now fully engaged in discussions to define Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which will serve as the core of a universal post-2015 development agenda. Our efforts to achieve the MDGs are a critical building block towards establishing a stable foundation for our development efforts beyond 2015.

Highlights a) The MDG-1 target has been met, poverty rates have been halved between 1990 and 2010, but 1.2 billion people still live in extreme poverty. b) Despite impressive strides forward at the start of the decade, progress in reducing the number of children out of school has slackened considerably. c) Women are assuming more power in the world’s parliaments, boosted by quota systems. d) Despite substantial progress, the world is still falling short of the MDG child mortality target. e) Much more still needs to be done to reduce maternal mortality. Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high adolescent birth rates. f) There are still too many new cases of HIV infection. g) Millions of hectares of forest are lost every year, threatening this valuable asset. Global greenhouse gas emissions continue their upward trend.

h) Official development assistance is now at its highest level, reversing the decline of the previous two years.

The Millennium Development Goals The eight MDGs listed below guide the efforts of virtually all organizations working in development and have been commonly accepted as a framework for measuring development progress:

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 1.2 billion Still live in extreme poverty, even though poverty rates have been halved between 1990 and 2010 and the MDG target has been met. In 2012, a quarter of all children under the age of five years were estimated to be stunted—having inadequate height for their age. This represents a significant decline since 1990 when 40 per cent of young children were stunted. However, it is unacceptable that 162 million young children are still suffering from chronic under nutrition. Proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day, 1990 and 2010 (Percentage)

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. a)

About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day.

b)

Vulnerable employment accounted for 56 per cent of all employment in developing regions, compared to 10 per cent in developed regions.

c)

About 173 million fewer people worldwide suffered from chronic hunger in 2011–2013 than in 1990–1992.

d)

One in four children under age five in the world has inadequate height for his or her age.

e)

Every day in 2013, 32,000 people had to abandon their homes to seek protection due to conflict.

2. Achieve universal primary education Despite impressive strides forward at the start of the decade, progress in reducing the number of children out of school has slackened considerably. High dropout rates remain a major impediment to universal primary education. An estimated 50 per cent of out-of-school children of primary school age live in conflict-affected areas. Adjusted net enrolment rate for primary education, 2000 and 2012 (Percentage).

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 a) Half of the 58 million out-of school children of primary school age live in conflictaffected areas. b) More than one in four children in developing regions entering primary school is likely to drop out. c) 781 million adults and 126 million youth worldwide lack basic literacy skills, and more than 60 per cent of them are women.

3. Promote gender equality and empower women Women are assuming more power in the world’s parliaments, boosted by quota systems. Legislated or voluntary quotas were used in 39 chambers holding elections. Such measures impact positively on women’s access to parliament. However, quotas alone are not enough: political parties need to field more women candidates. Proportion of seats held by women in single or lower houses of national parliament, 2000 and 2014 (Percentage).

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. a) In Southern Asia, only 74 girls were enrolled in primary school for every 100 boys in 1990. By b) 2012, the enrolment ratios were the same for girls as for boys. c) In sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania and Western Asia, girls still face barriers to entering both primary d) And secondary school. e) Women in Northern Africa hold less than one in five paid jobs in the non-agricultural sector. f) In 46 countries, women now hold more than 30 per cent of seats in national parliament in at least one chamber.

4. Reduce child mortality Despite substantial progress, the world is still falling short of the MDG child mortality target. Preventable diseases are the main causes of under-five deaths and appropriate actions need to be taken to address them. Under- five mortality rate, 1990 and 2012 (Deaths per 1,000 live births).

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014. a) The child mortality rate has almost halved since 1990; six million fewer children died in 2012 than in 1990. b) During the period from 2005 to 2012, the annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality was more than three times faster than between 1990 and 1995. c) Globally, four out of every five deaths of children under age five continue to occur in subSaharan Africa and Southern Asia. d) Immunization against measles helped prevent nearly 14 million deaths between 2000 and 2012

5. Improve maternal health Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high adolescent birth rates. Inadequate funding for family planning is a major failure in fulfilling commitments to improving women’s reproductive health Maternal mortality ratio, 1990 and 2013 (Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, women aged 15-49).

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 Almost 300,000 women died globally in 2013 from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. The proportion of deliveries in developing regions attended by skilled health personnel rose from 56 to 68 per cent between 1990 and 2012. In 2012, 40 million births in developing regions were not attended by skilled health personnel, and over 32 million of those births occurred in rural areas. 52 per cent of pregnant women had four or more antenatal care visits during pregnancy in 2012, an increase from 37 per cent in 1990.

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected people has been increasing dramatically. ART has saved 6.6 million lives since 1995. Expanding its coverage can save many more. In addition, knowledge about HIV among youth needs to be improved to stop the spread of the disease. HIV incidence rate (Estimated number of new HIV infections per year per 100 people aged 15-49), 2001 and 2012

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 These are Impact results of Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases a)

Almost 600 children died every day of AIDS-related causes in 2012.

b)

Antiretroviral medicines were delivered to 9.5 million people in developing regions in 2012.

c)

Malaria interventions saved the lives of three million young children between 2000 and 2012.

d)

Between 1995 and 2012, tuberculosis treatment saved 22 million lives.

7. Ensure environmental sustainability Millions of hectares of forest are lost every year, threatening this valuable asset. Global greenhouse gas emissions continue their upward trend. Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) continued their upward trend and those in 2011 were almost 50 per cent above their 1990 level. Millions of hectares of forest are lost every year, many species are being driven closer to extinction and renewable water resources are becoming scarcer.

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 a)

Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by almost 50 per cent since 1990.

b)

Protected ecosystems covered 14 per cent of terrestrial and coastal marine areas worldwide by 2012.

c)

Over 2.3 billion more people have gained access to an improved source of drinking water since 1990, but 748 million people still draw their water from an unimproved source.

d)

Between 1990 and 2012, almost 2 billion people obtained access to improved sanitation. However, 1 billion people still resort to open defecation.

e)

One-third of urban residents in developing regions still live in slums.

8. A global partnership for development Aid is shifting away from the poorest countries. 80 per cent of imports from developing countries entered developed countries duty-free and tariffs remained at an all-time low. The debt burden of developing countries remained stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue. Official development assistance (ODA), from OECD-DAC countries, 2000–2013 (Constant 2012 US$ billions)

Source: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 a)

Official development assistance stood at $134.8 billion in 2013, the highest level ever recorded.

b)

80 per cent of imports from developing countries enter developed countries duty-free.

c)

The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue.

d)

The number of Internet users in Africa almost doubled in the past four years.

e)

30 per cent of the world’s youth are digital natives, active online for at least five years.

Official list of MDG indicators All indicators should be disaggregated by sex and urban/rural as far as possible. Effective 15 January 2008 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Goals and Targets

Indicators for monitoring progress

(from the Millennium Declaration) Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1.A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people

1.1 Proportion of population below $1.25 (PPP) per dayi

whose income is less than one dollar a day

1.2 Poverty gap ratio 1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption

Target 1.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work 1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed for all, including women and young people

1.5 Employment-to-population ratio 1.6 Proportion of employed people living below $1.25 (PPP) per day 1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment

Target 1.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age 1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption

Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Target 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls 2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary 2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education 3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector 3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Target 4.A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under- 4.1 Under-five mortality rate five mortality rate

4.2 Infant mortality rate 4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles

Goal 5: Improve maternal health Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the

5.1 Maternal mortality ratio

maternal mortality ratio

5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health 5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate 5.4 Adolescent birth rate 5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits) 5.6 Unmet need for family planning Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of

6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years

HIV/AIDS

6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex 6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS 6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years

Target 6.B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs

Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of 6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria malaria and other major diseases

6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticidetreated bednets 6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs 6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis 6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course

Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into

7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest

country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of

7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)

environmental resources

7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used

Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected reduction in the rate of loss

7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction

Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without

7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking

sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

water source 7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

Target 7.D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums ii

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Target 8.A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-

Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately

discriminatory trading and financial system

for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States.

Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally

Official development assistance (ODA) 8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors’ gross national income

Target 8.B: Address the special needs of the least developed countries

8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic

Includes: tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries' exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction

education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) 8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied 8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes

Target 8.C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)

8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes Market access 8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty 8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from

Target 8.D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

developing countries 8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product 8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity Debt sustainability 8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) 8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives 8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services

Target 8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis

Target 8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the 8.14 Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants benefits of new technologies, especially information and

8.15 Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

communications

8.16 Internet users per 100 inhabitants

Idea behind Millennium Development Goal

a) Originated from the Millennium Declaration produced by the United Nations b) It asserts that every individual has the right to dignity, freedom, equality, a basic standard of living that includes freedom from hunger and violence, and encourages tolerance and solidarity. c) MDGs were made to operationalize these ideas by setting targets and indicators d) The MDG focus on three major areas of: i.

Improving infrastructure

ii.

Increasing social, economic and political rights and,

iii.

Increasing basic standards of living The MDGs also emphasizes the role of developed countries in aiding developing countries.

Development Agenda 2015 UNDP and the UN Development Group (UNDG) have been facilitating an unprecedented global conversation through which people can help shape the future development agenda that will build on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) after 2015. Three out of the eight millennium development targets – on poverty, slums and water – have been met ahead of the 2015 deadline, but much remains to be done. The future development framework the Post 2015 agenda – should build on the lessons learned from working toward achieving the MDGs, which have been providing the structure for the UN’s development activities since the Millennium Summit in 2000. The unprecedented global conversation has drawn on the needs, experience and expertise of people around the world: 

88 countries hosted national consultations. Groups of stakeholders, with the support of the UN, organized conferences, workshops and face-to-face meetings on what should be included in the future global development agenda.



Thousands of people, including leading practitioners, participated online and in person in global thematic consultations on how to integrate the following eleven issues into the post2015 development agenda: inequalities, health, education, growth and employment, environmental sustainability, governance, conflict and fragility, population dynamics, hunger, food and nutrition security, energy, water.



The World We Want website hosts all consultations and provides visual data analysis which helps to map issues and dialogue streams around the world.



The MY World survey, available in 17 languages online and offline, invites people to vote for 6 out of 16 priorities for the future development agenda. More than 5 million people have cast their votes so far, indicating that good education, better healthcare and better job opportunities are the issues that matter most to them.

UNDP and its partners in the UNDG, which unites 32 UN funds and programmes, have tried to make sure that diverse stakeholders participate in the discussions, including the most vulnerable groups, women, young people, people with disabilities and private sector companies, as well as all levels of the government. A comprehensive synthesis of the national and thematic consultations, as well as MY World votes, was captured in the report “A Million Voices: The World We Want – a sustainable future with dignity for all", published in September 2013. These analyses have informed the work of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the post-2015 development

agenda, set up by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, and continue to feed into the formal multilateral process. In May 2013, the High Level Panel released its report, “A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development,” which sets out a universal agenda to eradicate extreme poverty from the face of the earth by 2030, and deliver on the promise of sustainable development. The UN Secretary-General presented his report on the MDGs and post-2015 agenda, “A life of dignity for all: accelerating progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and advancing the United Nations development agenda beyond 2015”, to Member States during the General Assembly in September 2013.While the national and thematic consultations focused on the potential issues and areas to be included in a new development agenda, the so-called ‘means of implementation’ have surfaced throughout the process and are becoming increasingly central to the debate going forward. The UN development system has therefore created space in the form of six Dialogues so that interested groups and individuals can contribute ideas and proposals for the implementation of the post-2015 agenda in their countries and at the global level. The objectives of the Dialogues on Implementation are to draw upon the lessons learned and the collective wisdom of people around the world, to convince policymakers that an ambitious post2015 agenda can be implemented, and to foster ownership, improved planning structures and multi-stakeholder partnerships to support its delivery. The interim results of the discussions, online engagement and research inputs are summarized in the report “Delivering the Post-2015 Development Agenda: Opportunities at the National and Local Levels” and was presented to Member States in form of a high-level side event on 25 September 2014 in the United Nations Headquarter New York. The findings of the report derive from the six Dialogues and reveal several main principles in order to support the successful implementation of the new development agenda: participation, inclusion, and the need for strengthened capacities and partnerships. Before the end of 2014, the UN Secretary General has been invited to prepare a ‘synthesis report’ covering all the processes and reports related to post-2015, including the UN consultations. Member State negotiations are expected to commence early in 2015 and will be based on the outcome document by the Open Working Group of Sustainable Development Goals (OWG) which currently includes 17 goals and 169 targets.

CHAPTER-4 UNDP & INDIA India’s economic growth continues to remain an impressive achievement. However, work remains to be done, and UNDP continues to be a committed partner of the Government of India in fulfilling its objective of inclusive growth. UNDP is committed to help India achieve the global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as well as the national objectives articulated in consecutive Five-Year Plans. The goal of the organization is to help improve the lives of the poorest women and men, the marginalized and the disadvantaged in India. UNDP works in the following areas: Poverty Reduction, Democratic

Governance, Crisis

Prevention

and

Environment, HIV and

Development, Women's Empowerment

Recovery, Energy and

and

Inclusion and Human

Development. UNDP works intensively with a wide range of partners in all the nine UNDAF states of Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh Accelerating Equitable Achievements of the MDGs: Closing Gaps in Health and Nutrition Outcomes Published in February 2012 by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the United Nations Development Programme and the Asian Development Bank, the report focuses on disparities in MDG achievement within and between countries, to address major bottlenecks holding back MDG progress in Asia-Pacific region.

What do we want to Accomplish? Since 1951, UNDP has been collaborating with the Government, civil society and people of India to help them find their own solutions to meet global and national development challenges. In doing so, our focus has been on the seven priority states outlined by the UNDAF that are home to India’s poorest- Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Along with Uttarakhand, these states account for 64 % of the population living below the poverty line. UNDP’s approach in India has been to develop and sustain strategic partnerships that find innovative solutions to address gaps on both the demand and supply side of development processes. Prototypes that demonstrate new ways of addressing persistent disparities have empowered communities to improve access to basic entitlements- whether in housing and employment under government schemes or in greater political voice.

We bring together diverse stakeholders, particularly from the less heard in civil society to the forefront. Sustained advocacy, for example, on behalf of the transgender community has resulted in greater recognition of their specific needs in planning and legal processes. What are Our Results? UNDP India supports more than 15 central ministries and seven of the poorest states of India during this current country programme cycle. Over the years, UNDP has ensured that the human development approach has become embedded in policy and planning processes of the Government of India, both at the central and state levels. Who are the Decision Makers? The Resident Coordinator heads the UN System in India and is the Resident Representative for UNDP in India. UNDP’s Country Director is responsible for the day-to-day operations of UNDP India. Our Country Director is assisted by two Deputies, one for Programmes and one for Operations. UNDP India works closely with the Government of India through its designated nodal department, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) in the Ministry of Finance. All activities falling within the Country Programme Action Plan are nationally owned. Programme activities are implemented by a range of partners, including Government ministries and departments, state governments, district authorities, civil society organizations, NGOs, and UN agencies with overall guidance by the DEA.

UNDP India Staff

UNDP India currently employs 72 staff members. Our staffs representing all segments of Indian society comes from a diverse range of professional backgrounds. Four staff members are international staff.

UNDP report says India faces big social challenges A latest report released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) says that in a span of 12 years (2000-2012), India has registered growth of 1.5 % only on the human development Index (HDI). The 2013 report says that India faces significant social challenges in the years to come as the country has been ranks 136 among 187 countries calculated for HDI. “Despite the recent expansion in schooling and impressive growth in the number of better qualified Indians, adult illiterate population will decline,” says the Human Development Report 2013 titled ‘The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World’. The report also flagged India for having worst gender inequality after Afghanistan. It also said that Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh, which are poorer than India and have lower HDIs, all do comparatively better than India when it comes to gender equality. “Bangladesh, with much slower economic growth and half India’s per capita income, does nearly as well—and is better on some indicators,” it said. The report mentioned that in India, only 10.9 % of the parliamentary seats are held by women, and 26.6 % of adult women have reached a secondary or higher level of education, compared with 50.4 % of their male counterparts. Further, for every 100,000 live births, 200 women die of causes related to pregnancy, and female participation in the labour market is 29 %, compared with 80.7 % for men in India, the report added. “The gender Inequality Index shows that high gender disparities persist in South Asia, second only to those in sub-Saharan Africa,” said the UNDP report. Although India has done economically well in the last decade, it has not able to tackle the problem of poverty. According to the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which identifies multiple deprivations in the same households in education, health and standard of living, puts India's poverty headcount ratio at 54%, higher than Bangladesh and Nepal. “Bangladesh has the highest MPI value based on 2007 survey data followed by India,” the report noted. However on the positive side, India’s HDI value went up from 0.345 to 0.554 between 1980 and 2012, an increase of 61 % or an average annual increase of 1.5 %.

Legal Framework In 1952, the Government of India and UNDP entered into a basic agreement to govern UNDP’s assistance to the Special Agreement on the Technical Assistance between UN organizations and the Government of India. In 1959, the Agreement between the UN Special Fund and the Government concerning assistance from the Special Fund was signed.

The Department of Economic Affairs, Government of India is the designated nodal department which approves and signs the Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) with UNDP. The programme is nationally executed and implemented by a range of partners including government ministries, state governments, district authorities, civil society organizations, NGOs and other UN agencies.

2013-2017 India UNDAF (2013-2017) The United Nations Development Action Framework (2013-2017), developed in partnership with the Planning Commission of India, reflects the work of all UN entities working in India. It focuses on six outcomes, in line with the fundamental principles of the Approach Paper to the 12th FiveYear Plan. These are - achieving inclusive growth, improving food and nutrition security, promoting gender equality, ensuring access to quality basic services, strengthening decentralization and delivering sustainable development.

UNDP Country Programme Document for India (2013-2017) The Country Programme Document (2013-2017), developed in consultation with the Government and key partners, builds on the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2013-2017. The programme is in harmony with the 12th Five-Year Plan of the Government of India and has benefited from wide-ranging stakeholder consultations, including within the United Nations system, and a comprehensive.

Country Programme Action Plan (2013-2017) The Government of India and UNDP have signed a new Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) in support of the Government’s efforts to promote rapid, inclusive, sustainable development that benefits the most excluded through partnerships with Central Ministries, state governments and civil society. The CPAP (2013-2017) is based on the Country Programme Document (2013-2017)

which was approved by the UNDP Executive Board in September 2012. The UNDP Country Programme, which was elaborated under the leadership of the Government and in consultation with partners, is aligned with the main aims of the Government’s 12th Five-Year Plan and with the United Nations Development Action Framework (2013-2017).

2008-2012 India UNDAF (2008-2012) The India-UNDAF 2008-2012 outlines the vision, strategy and collective action of the UN system. The overarching objective of the document is to promote social, economic and political inclusion for the most disadvantaged, especially women and girls. The essence of the UN's work in India during the five-year cycle is captured in the four UNDAF outcomes that aim to contribute to- effective implementation of national flagship programmes, strengthened capacities of all governance actors for an equitable last mile delivery of public services, effective utilization of available funds in select districts, and safeguarding development gains from natural disasters and the effects of climate change.

UNDP Country Programme Document for India (2008-2012) The present Country Programme document for India (2008-2012) was formulated in partnership with the Department of Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Finance, building on the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) 2008-2012. The programme is in harmony with the 11th Five-Year Plan of the Government of India and has benefited from wideranging stakeholder consultations, including within the United Nations system, and a comprehensive review of lessons from past cooperation.

Country Programme Action Plan (2008-2012) The Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP 2008-12) between the Government of India and the United Nations Development Programme was signed on 27 February 2008, and has seven outcomes across five programme areas of Poverty reduction, Democratic Governance, Disaster Risk reduction, Energy and Environment, and HIV and development. The focus areas of the UNDP India programme are closely aligned to the UNDP Strategic Plan and the 11th Five-Year Plan of India. The CPAP is currently being implemented through 60 projects in partnership with 15 central line ministries, seven UNDAF state governments, and a number of NGOs and UN agencies.

How India is affected Global Financial Crisis: Impact on India’s Poor Some Initial Perspectives As part of contribution by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to the on going dialogue on the impact of the global financial crisis, we present in this collection some ‘initial perspectives’ on its impact on the poor in India, written by some of the country’s leading economists and analysts. Rajiv Kumar presents a succinct analysis of the channels through which the financial crisis has impacted the Indian economy while Bibek Debroy examines the impact of the slowdown in economic growth at a disaggregated level – Both by sectors and by regions. Jayati Ghosh analyses the impact of the crisis on agriculture, migrants and home based workers. Vijay Mahajan unfolds the differential impact Of the financial crisis on goods and services consumed by the masses and the elite. K. Seeta Prabhu from UNDP India highlights the likely impact of the financial crisis on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and on human development. In keeping with UNDP’s perspective, these papers focus on ‘people’, particularly the poor: in agriculture, in the informal sector, in non-farm activities; and on the goods and services they consume. They delineate the conundrums emerging from the development pattern followed, thus far, and point to the need for policy actions transform the situation to one of enlarging the range of choices and opportunities for the vulnerable sections of the population. We hope this compilation of viewpoints from independent analysts will facilitate debate and the emergence of viable solutions that strengthen the linkages between economic growth and human development.

Benefit Technology Set to make Direct Benefits Transfers from Government to People more Efficient and Transparent “A combination of political will and technical expertise has led to a paradigm shift in our approach to delivery of entitlements,” said Jairam Ramesh, Minister of Rural Development. “We are moving from banks to an inter-operable banking correspondent framework, door-step delivery of entitlements and use of technology. We are embarking on a major experiment in India,” he added. The Minister was addressing a day-long international workshop organized by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to identify recommendations to enhance efficiency in government to people payments through direct benefits transfers, particularly wages under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Programme (MGNREGP) and other social assistance programmes. Speaking at the opening session, NandanNilekani, Chairman, Unique Identification Authority of India, Government of India said, “We are on the verge of creating a technology revolution. Enabling conditions to facilitate a rapid roll-out of the direct benefits transfers announced recently by the government, require an open architecture of business correspondents combined with an authenticable ID, widespread connectivity and regulation.” A persistent challenge in the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) has been the delays in disbursement of wages to workers employed under the Scheme. The MoRD and UNDP meeting brought together practitioners, policy advisors, academics, activists and members of the media to present innovations in government-to-people payments, discuss lessons from Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) initiatives across various programmes, and identify technology challenges and policy constraints which need to be addressed. UNDP facilitated sharing of international experiences from Kenya, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Bangladesh and Fiji.

Congratulating the Government of India for efforts to deliver entitlements to people, Lise Grande, UN Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative, India referred to the Better than Cash Alliance, a network of UNDP, USAID, Visa, Citibank, UNCDF, Omidyar Network, Ford Foundation and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, set up to provide expertise and resources to make the transition from cash to digital payments. Developing efficient and pro-poor technology based methods will require a shift by governments in favour of electronic systems for government to people payments; adaptation of electronic payments to suit local contexts; and stepping up efforts at financial and technology literacy of users.

CHAPTER-5 Conclusion After studying the various aspects of UNDP, we can say, UNDP has been successful in achieving its objective of overcoming various issues such as poverty reduction, crisis prevention and recovery, Environment and Energy and HIV AIDS in developing countries to help and support economic growth, reduce poverty and improve people’s lives. The United Nations Development Programmers (UNDP) is one of four UN agencies supporting the implementation of the Global Compact. Through its worldwide network of country offices and its role as the overall coordinator of UN activities at the country level, UNDP holds the primary responsibility for introducing and operational zing the Global Compact at the field level in developing countries and countries with emerging economies. It does so in close coordination with other UN agencies. UNDP has supported governments to establish responsive and independent electoral, judicial and security institutions and methods that promote fair, inclusive elections and rule of law, with a special focus on women and marginalized groups. UNDP helped countries to prevent conflict, reduce the risk of natural hazards and disasters, and recover the crises. UNDP encourages the protection of human rights and the empowerment of women, minorities and the poorest and most vulnerable. UNDP receives voluntary contributions from nearly every country in the world. UNDP is acknowledged for its Human Development Report, which, after 20 years of publication, The New York Times called “the authoritative measure of poverty and deprivation.” CNN referred to the 2002 Arab Human Development Report as “the most influential piece of writing of the last decade” on governance in the Arab world. Because of its mandate and its strong, continuous and neutral presence in most developing countries, UNDP coordinates all United Nations (UN) development activities at the country level as manager of the UN Country Team.

India has done well in eradicating poverty, improving healthcare and primary education, but careless implementation of programmes has been the main hurdle in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

There have been positive trends on certain social indicators like the near eradication of polio; a significant increase in literacy rates; and the enrolment of both boys and girls in primary school. The Government has recognized that environmental sustainability is integral part of national economic and social development. Govt. has launched Hariyali programme and other such programs to stop soil erosion and to renew wasteland and degraded land. Legislative initiatives like right to information, right to education, the under formulation food security bill, and the under discussion right to health are the steps in right direction towards achieving the development goals. Various programmes like -The MahilaSamakhya Programme, National Literacy Mission (NLM), Kasturba GandhiBalika Vidyalaya (KGBV) Scheme etc. are conducted by Central government to achieve all the eight goals. Even the Gujarat government undertakes various programmes like Vidya Deep Insurance Scheme, Bal Sakha Scheme, SakhiMandal Yojna, Water Resource Development Internet promotion etc. to achieve the MDGs at a faster rate.

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