I

I. INTRODUCTION Symptomatic cholelithiasis is a common medical problem, which makes cholecystectomy one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world. Choledocholithiasis complicates the workup and management of cholelithiasis, necessitates additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and adds to the morbidity and mortality of gallstone disease. Management of choledocholithiasis has been the subject of much debate over the past several years, especially with the advent of new laparoscopic techniques and greater experience with endoscopic procedures. Choledocholithiasis occurs as a result of either the primary formation of stones in the common bile duct (CBD) or the passage of gallstones from the gallbladder through the cystic duct into the CBD. Bile stasis, bactibilia, chemical imbalances, pH imbalances, increased bilirubin excretion, and the formation of sludge are among the principal factors thought to lead to the formation of these stones. Our case study will serve as an instrument in the development of other studies since it gives wider scope of research and may also give others an idea on how to make a concise and elaborative study. Considering our case as a reference, it gives a clear explanation on results of diagnostic tests rendered to the patient resulting to right indication and assessment to the health problem. It will serve as an additional tool in giving information and knowledge to medical practitioners about the topic and to fully understand the factors, etiology and process of that health problem making them a competitive one. This will also channel an individual to be fully aware of the risk factors that one may experience. The incidence rate for gallstones is 10-20%. Approximately 600,000 cholecystectomies are performed in the United States every year, and choledocholithiasis complicates 1015% of these cases. The international incidence rate is higher, mainly because of the additional problem of primary CBD stones caused by parasitic infestation.

1