Hydrology & Fluvial Geomorphology

Hydrology & fluvial geomorphology • • • • • •

Terms Flow in drainage basin Storm Hydrograph Water balance Human actions Flood

Look at the diagram: 2. List down input & output 4. Which are the storage & flow. 3. How does water from surface storage reaches groundwater storage? 4. Name the flow marked A and B. 5. Define terms shown in diagrams.

Catchments of rivers X & Y

hydrographs over 24 hours of the two rivers.

Using both diagram explain why the discharge of the two rivers are different Explain how each of these influence storm hydrograph: Drainage basin shape, geology, rainfall intensity, drainage density

Describe the differences between the discharges of rivers X and Y in response to the rainfall

1. Name the flows shown as A, B & C. 2. Describe what is meant by percolation. 3.Describe and explain the occurrence of the flows A, B and C.

Flow of water in a cross section of soil and bedrock

Water balance 1. Briefly define the term water balance. 2. Describe one reason why water balance may vary over time. 3. Label A, B, C & D.

Rivers • River processes: erosion, transport & deposition • Describe flows: helicoidal, laminar & turbulence flow. • Landforms • Urbanisation & river flows.

River erosion 1. Briefly describe the processes by which rivers can erode their channels. [8] 2. Describe the general effects of erosion on the shape of the river channel. [3]

• Name four methods by which rivers transport their load and briefly describe these methods. 2. Briefly describe laminar, turbulent flow and helicoidal flow and draw them.

Hjustrom curve. 1. Name the type of sediment that requires the lowest velocity to be eroded. [1] 2. Name the type of sediment that is likely to be transported at all velocities. [1] 3. Describe and explain the relationship between water velocity and the erosion of clay and sand particles. [4] 4. Explain the variation in water velocity that is required to transport and to deposit sediments of different particle diameter. [4]

River deposition Describe what is river deposition and what are the condition needed for it to occur.

landforms 1. Draw a labelled diagram to show each of the following landforms & explain how they are formed: (b) Meandering (c) Flood plain and levees. (d) Delta (d) ox-bow lake (e) Water fall (f) Braided channel.

Flood • Explain how river floods might be predicted. Giving examples, describe the methods which may be used to reduce the effects of flooding. • Describe the main features of river flood plains and explain why flood plains may present problems for human settlements.

Human activities on flow • Suggest how human activities might affect flows within a river channel. • How can changes in land use affect flows and stores in a drainage basin? • How can the abstraction (removal) and the storage of water by humans affect flows and stores within a drainage basin. • Explain how urbanisation can affect river channel flows.