Hunger And Homelessness

Addressing Hunger and Homelessness Through Service-Learning INTRODUCTION Service-Learning: What is it? Service-learning is an interactive educational strategy that links service and academic curriculum to promote learning. Service-learning promotes students’ personal, social, and intellectual growth and provides them with a sense of civic responsibility. Servicelearning is coordinated within an elementary school, secondary school, institution of higher education, or community organization, and the community. Service-learning follows four stages: preparation, action, reflection, and celebration. The Service-Learning Approach to Volunteering A service-learning approach to volunteering starts at the preparation stage, when students research a general issue—including its causes, demographics, and consequences—and then identify the prevalence of the issue within their own community. Researching statistics on hunger and homelessness nationwide and locally gives students the opportunity to see how their city compares to the rest of the country. In this module you will find general statistics, demographics, causes and consequences to get your research started. Once students have recognized a need within their own community they can take action by designing an intervention—for example a PSA about hunger and how community members can help. As you will see, this module contains numerous ideas and resources for such projects. Upon completion of the project, it is critical that students have an individual and group reflection to summarize the success or impact they had in the community. Finally, students should also host a celebration of their hard work and dedication to the cause. Why make service-learning part of the classroom? Service-learning is a fun and hands-on way to teach all school subjects. Children who begin to give back to their community at a young age are more likely to continue to do so throughout their life. The Iowa Department of Education developed a list of general ways to incorporate service-learning in the classroom of students of any age. 1 Check out a power point presentation on How Service-Learning Can Become an Integral Part of TPF

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Iowa Dept. of Edu.: http://www.state.ia.us/educate/ecese/cfcs/sl/curriculum.html HTU

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Schools, States and Communities 2 , which summarizes service-learning benefits for various stakeholders: ♦ Students benefit from higher academic achievement, relevant learning opportunities, community ties, and leadership opportunities. ♦ Teachers benefit from empowerment to create conditions for student success and the ability to take an interdisciplinary approach to learning. ♦ Administrators benefit from greater collaboration within the school, stronger ties to the community, enhanced community support of schools, and the ability to demonstrate effective teaching, learning and serving. ♦ The Community benefits from being able to shape the future workforce, a stronger student sense of responsibility and ownership of the community, and the opportunity to help students become contributing citizens while learning problem-solving and leadership skills. ♦ Policymakers benefit from students becoming responsible and productive workers and citizens, students gaining real-world civic and career experience, and addressing multiple student standards. TPF

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Can service-learning be incorporated into every school subject? Yes! Here are some examples, featuring projects that address hunger and homelessness: ♦ English: Students can pick stories to read at a homeless shelter or a soup kitchen or they could choose a shelter in which to volunteer and read stories about homelessness and hunger. Refer to an episode of Reading Rainbow, found under ABCDbooks in the “Recommended Reading” section of this module. 3 ♦ Social Studies: Students can learn about the hungry and homeless population in their community while volunteering on their behalf. At the same time, they could take up a letter writing campaign and ask politicians to work for the issues they have learned about in their studies. See the sample letter 4 provided by Bread for the World (http://www.bread.org/). ♦ Science: While learning about the environment and eco-system, students can start a garden at a local shelter or community center. ♦ Music/Theater/Art: Students can perform a benefit concert or play, or create items to give to the children at a homeless shelter. ♦ Math: Students can collect cans to donate to a food bank and graph their progress or create a budget for a more elaborate service project. Your local food bank is a very good resource for more information. Find your local food bank at Second Harvest (www.secondharvest.org). ♦ Technology: Students can identify a major issue in their community related to hunger or homelessness and create a public service announcement on the issue. See the Maryland Student Service Alliance website for a curriculum guide for this project. 5 TPF

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How Service Learning Can Become an Integral Part of Schools, States and Communities: http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/40/54/4054.pdf 3 ABCDbooks: Local Hunger and Can Food Drive: http://www.abcdbooks.org/curriculum/fooddrive.html 4 Sample letter: http://www.bread.org/take-action/offering-of-letters-kit/sample-letter.html 5 Maryland Student Service Alliance: http://www.mssa.sailorsite.net/curric2.html TP

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Get the whole school involved in one project: The students can come together to stage a large production in which the school donates all the money raised to a shelter or community center OR perform the production for the people at the shelter. The whole school can take part: Social Studies students learn about the hungry and homeless in their community; English students find a novel or play which addresses the topic; theater students turn the novel into a play and perform it; Art students make the scenery; Math students create a budget for putting on the production (if students are older) or (if students are younger) chart the amount of money or cans the group has raised for the cause; Technology students operate the sound and lights for the play.

About This Module Youth Service America developed this module to complement the National & Global Youth Service Day Service-Learning Curriculum Guide, a tool for helping youth develop project management skills. YSA’s materials generally do not focus on particular issues, such as hunger and homelessness, because we recognize that every community has different needs, and every person has different passions and interests. Therefore, most of our materials aim to help young people develop quality projects based on the issue of their choice. At the same time, we recognize that hunger and homelessness are some of the most common areas addressed through service projects. Since YSA is not an expert in the areas of hunger and homelessness and we recognize that many quality resources already exist from organizations that are experts, we are pulling together existing resources, rather than creating new ones. The organizations represented in this document are examples of the many organizations that are doing exciting and important work, and we hope you will follow up on those that interest you to learn more about how you can become involved. All citations in this document include links to the organization’s website, to make follow-up easy. This module contains the following sections: I. Defining the Issues II. Service Project Ideas III. Service-Learning Curricula on Hunger and Homelessness IV. Suggested Reading V. Additional Links Finally, we urge you to download the National & Global Youth Service Day Planning Toolkit and Service-Learning Curriculum Guide for additional resources on planning service and service-learning projects. On the National & Global Youth Service Day

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website (www.YSA.org/nysd), you will find many additional resources, including classroom posters, t-shirts, grant opportunities, civic engagement resources, and more.

I. Defining the Issues What is Hunger? When you hear about a family or a child or 33 million people being "hungry," this could mean a couple of different things. "Hunger" is the physical sensation that results from not having had enough food to eat; however, when talking about "hunger in America," what we're often describing is "food insecurity." Food insecurity is defined as a lack of access to enough food to fully meet basic needs due to lack of financial resources. Hunger is the worst-case scenario of food insecurity. National Statistics: ♦ Currently in the U.S., 33 million people live in households that are food insecure, which means that they frequently and regularly do not have enough money to afford food or do not know from where or when their next meal is coming. Of that, 8.3 million live in households facing the worst-case scenario, where members of that household are literally hungry. 6 ♦ Despite the fact that the United States is the richest country in the world…The combination of persistent poverty, the high cost of living, and cutbacks in social assistance forces many people to choose between food and other expenses. People facing food insecurity and hunger are most likely to live in households near or below the poverty line. ♦ Households with children are almost twice as likely to face hunger as those without, a statistic that correlates with the fact that the child poverty rate in the U.S. is over 20%, twice that of the poverty rate overall. ♦ 38% of people requesting emergency food assistance last year were employed. 7 ♦ …in the United States, one in four children are hungry or at risk of hunger. International Statistics: ♦ More than 800 million people around the world go hungry. Every day, 31,000 children die from hunger-related causes. 5 ♦ The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations estimates that 6 million children die each year as a result of hunger and malnutrition. There is no other natural or manmade disaster that compares to the magnitude of devastation caused by world hunger. 8 ♦ Malnutrition [is] a life-threatening illness affecting 815 million people worldwide— that's 13% of the world's population. According to classic medical standards, 70% of global child mortality is due to measles, diarrhea, and respiratory infection, but in reality 50% of child mortality has malnutrition as the underlying cause. When people are hungry they can't work, farm, fish, or learn properly at school. 9 ♦ Less than one percent of what the world spent every year on weapons was needed to put every child into school by the year 2000 and yet it didn't happen. ♦ 20% of the population in the developed nations consumes 86% of the world’s goods. TPF

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NSCAHH: http://nscahh.org/hunger.asp?id2=8801 Bread for the World: http://www.bread.org/learn/hunger-reports/what-governments-can-do.html 8 NSCAHH: http://www.nscahh.org/hunger.asp?id2=8800 9 Action Against Hunger: http://www.actionagainsthunger.org/ TP

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Today, across the world, 1.3 billion people live on less than one dollar a day; 3 billion live on under two dollars a day; 1.3 billion have no access to clean water; 3 billion have no access to sanitation; 2 billion have no access to electricity. 10 TPF

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What is Homelessness? The homeless population includes people from all walks of life, so the question ‘Who are the homeless?’ is a difficult one to answer. However, many people are surprised to find out that the homeless population is very diverse. National Statistics: ♦ 35% of people experiencing homelessness are from families with children, which is the fastest growing homeless population. ♦ 20% of the homeless are U.S. military veterans. ♦ 25% are children under the age of 18 years. ♦ 30% have experienced domestic violence. ♦ 20-25% suffer from mental illness. The stereotypical picture many people have of a homeless person fails to capture the complexity of the population experiencing homelessness. For most people, homelessness is a temporary and highly unexpected situation, often resulting from a lost job, the lack of affordable housing, illness, or disability: ♦ 22% of people experiencing homelessness are employed. 9 ♦ On average, people remain homeless for six months. TP

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II. Service Project Ideas Civic Engagement: Youth can research existing legislation and federally funded programs to help the hungry and homeless. Then, a group could start a letter writing campaign to their Representative or Senators to voice support of certain bills. On the website for Bread for the World (www.bread.org) there is a help section on how to write a letter to Congress 11 on the issues of hunger and homelessness, including a sample letter. 12 A good place to start on these kinds of campaigns is by looking for the latest bills on the House or Senate floor. You can do this by checking Thomas (http://thomas.loc.gov). It’s also a good idea to look at your Representatives’ 13 or Senator’s 14 websites to see where they stand on the issue. HTU

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See the websites listed below for help with the following ideas: ♦ Join or start an advocacy organization fighting violence in your neighborhood ♦ Write letters to public officials about safety laws ♦ Monitor a bill at the state or federal level ♦ Invite elected officials, candidates, and media to relevant service projects ♦ Work with local officials to increase funding for youth activities in your community ♦ If you are old enough, VOTE!

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Poverty Facts and Stats: http://globalissues.org/TradeRelated/Facts.asp Write a letter to Congress: http://capwiz.com/bread/issues/alert/?alertid=7820101 12 Sample letter: 13 Representative: www.house.gov/house/MemberWWW.html 14 Senator’s: www.senate.gov/general/contact_information/senators_cfm.cfm TP

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www.allianceforjustice.org/student/co_motion www.youthepeople.com www.SERVEnet.org www.bettertogether.org www.vote-smart.org www.crf-usa.org www.panettainstitute.org www.publicwork.org www.iop.harvard.edu www.actionforchange.org www.youthactivism.com www.kidsvotingusa.org www.congress.org Access Youth Service America’s tip sheets on civic engagement: www.YSA.org/nysd/resource/nysd_resources_parent.cfm HTU

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Raise Money to Donate to Organizations or Attend Their Events: Almost all organizations that deal with helping others give you the chance to donate— some even allow you to give your donation via the web. A Google 15 search is provided here to help you to start selecting some sites (search words: hunger and homelessness organization). You may also want to look at the organization’s calendar of events to see if there is an event in which your group can take part or simulate. TPF

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Help Out at Your Local Food Bank: Food banks are community-based, professional organizations that collect food from a variety of sources, save food in a warehouse, and then distribute the food to hungry individuals through local human service agencies. These agencies include community centers, soup kitchens, food pantries, shelters, senior programs, and child care centers. Many of these agencies visit the food bank each week to select fresh produce and packaged products for their meal programs or food pantries. 16 At the website for Second Harvest (www.secondharvest.org) you can find the link, phone number and address for your closest food bank. Once in contact with the food bank, you or your group can begin to branch out and see if you can create contacts with the agencies or food pantries that use the food bank. After developing these contacts you can actually volunteer at the targeted agencies or . TPF

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Previous Projects for National & Global Youth Service Day (www.YSA.org/nysd): ♦ 9 year-old Katie Stefanich and her friends in Salt Lake City, Utah received the AT&T CARES Youth Service Action Fund grant to support their Easter egg hunt for kids at a local homeless shelter. ♦ The Youth Volunteer Corps (YVC) of Calgary, a program of Child and Youth Friendly Calgary, organized a scavenger hunt. Youth volunteers split into teams and spent a day in local neighborhoods collecting food for the food bank. ♦ The District Association for Community Living in Kapuskasing, Ontario worked with five local high schools to collect ‘Canadian Tire money’ or cash bonus coupons. They donated the money to their local food bank for the purchase of household items. ♦ Katimavik groups in Ontario worked with local on-campus chapters of Meal Exchange, a non-profit organization dedicated to identifying and implementing HTU

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Google: www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&q=hunger+and+homelessness+organization Food Discards Diversion: www.ciwmb.ca.gov/publications/localasst/31100005.doc HTU

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solutions to hunger in Canada, run by students from Canadian colleges and universities. In Phuentsholing, Bhutan, the National Women’s Association distributed clothes, medicine, and condoms to the poor in remote villages. Volunteers in Lahore, Pakistan spent the day with street children, youth with no access to education, health facilities, or other basic necessities, with the hopes of starting an education program for these children. In the rural parts of Lahore, young doctors and paramedical staff gave free check-ups, medicine, and counseling sessions to improve the health conditions of the children. In Zambia, volunteers collected and distributed clothes, food, and other essential items for vulnerable populations including orphans, street kids, the aged, hospital patients, and prisoners. Volunteers in Swaziland and the Democratic Republic of Congo organized a food collection and distribution campaign for the hungry, and cleaned and restored homes and public lands. In Freetown, Sierra Leone, a center for children who were abandoned because their parents suffered economic hardships, participants held a solidarity meeting to show the children’s willingness to participate in the development of their communities. The Young Journalist Group in Hanoi, Vietnam worked together with other organizations to organize a "Youth for Social Change" meeting for 150 participants and millions of youth who participated virtually via Radio Voice of Vietnam. The meeting was a venue for young leaders around Vietnam to have peer-to-peer education on project organization and to share achievements and ideas from youth leaders and activists through case studies and workshops. Local “Young Journalists” members in these areas organized groups of youth to visit the orphanages, elderly homes, and street children. They organized games, performed music, shared stories, and made lunch for the children and elderly.

III. Service-Learning Curricula on Hunger and Homelessness Teacher and Group Guides: ♦ From ABCDbooks Local Hunger and Canned Food Drive (www.abcdbooks.org): Why another canned food drive? Every year during Thanksgiving and the winter holidays, food banks are brimming with cans of food collected by students. Granted, food banks need these donations and appreciate the help. But what if the collection took place when the food bank’s shelves were not so full, say in the spring or before the end of school? And what if the canned food drive was connected to student learning? And what if that learning included information about the food bank and which foods are most needed by the people served by the agency?...This kit includes materials to assist classroom teachers in a series of lessons that result in the student leadership of a canned food drive with a purpose: stocking the shelves of SOVA, the food pantry which serves this area of [West Hollywood], with nutritional food on a year-round basis. These materials are easily adapted to meet the needs of local agencies and people in your community. 17 HTU

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ABCDBooks Local Hunger and Canned Food Drive: http://www.abcdbooks.org/curriculum/fooddrive.html PT

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From Bread for the World: Hunger No More: This leaders’ guide will help you present important hunger and poverty issues to study groups. In our affluent world people should “hunger no more.” Decisions 2002 points to crucial decisions that will affect hungry and poor people in the United States for a long time. 18 From the Gerda and Kurt Klein Foundation: Hunger Service Learning Program (available for middle and high school students). The Klein Foundation invests in the belief that social progress depends on youth—children who see old injustices and determine to change them. Dr. J. Larry Brown, an expert on hunger issues, believes that “One day, we will end hunger in America, and we will do it through the leadership of our young who dream and mean it.” 19 From Hunger 101: a Curriculum Guide and Activity Workbook (www.servicelearning.org): “Hunger 101 was developed to serve as the principal education component of the Atlanta Community Food Bank. Currently, materials are available for classes of young children, adolescents, and adults. All classes have interactive features which focus on identifying populations at-risk for hunger, the causes and effects of hunger, and strategies to address hunger.” Also available is the Kids for Kids Guide: Fighting Hunger in Minnesota (Grades 6 to 8 and Grades 9 to 12), a curriculum addressing issues of hunger and food security for Minnesota youth”; the Hunger and Homelessness Guide: “A Resource book for Colleges and Universities”; and the National Service-Learning Clearinghouse FAQs: Hunger and Homelessness. Kids Can Make a Difference Teacher’s Guide: 20 This guide contains 25 lessons that provide valuable background and creative suggestions to help students answer difficult questions about hunger and poverty. The book helps students move beyond negative feelings and into constructive actions that show how they can make a difference in their community, country and world. The book includes fund-raising ideas, organizations to contact, and a listing of available videos and books for use with lessons. Maryland Student Service Alliance: 21 Curricula for the Maryland Public Schools including project examples like “Middle School Students Help Those in Need” 22 or take a look at their link to other program ideas. 23 Project Bread: Food for Thought (www.projectbread.org): The Food For Thought curriculum provides four age-appropriate sections (grades K-2, grades 3-5, middle school, and high school), each including several lessons. It is appropriate for schools, after-school programs, youth groups, religious organizations, and families. The curriculum was developed by a panel of educators, medical professionals, and antihunger advocates convened by Project Bread. Second Harvest (www.secondharvest.org): A general search on this website (under the keyword search “Curriculum”) highlights a number of programs, such as a TPF

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Bread for the World: Hunger No More: Gerda and Kurt Klein Foundation: Hunger Service Learning Program: 20 Kids Can Make a Difference: Teacher’s Guide: http://www.kidscanmakeadifference.org/teac.htm 21 Maryland Student Service Alliance: http://www.mssa.sailorsite.net/curric2.html 22 Middle school students help those in need: http://www.mssa.sailorsite.net/mpserve.html 23 Program ideas: http://www.mssa.sailorsite.net/ideas.html TP

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program by the Greater Philadelphia Food Bank (now Philabundance). “The Kids Cafecurriculum…works to spread nutrition information to the family members of participating children, thus encouraging youngsters to double as educators in their families. (Kids Cafe is one of the nation's largest free meal service programs for children and a central tool in ending childhood hunger). Guides for Students: ♦ National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness (www.nscahh.org): At this site one can find any number of resources for students organizing a project, including the group’s Hunger Action Guide, an Advocacy Manual, and additional manuals that can be purchased from NSCAHH. Curricula Geared for International Projects: ♦ Bracelet of Life: Famine Curriculum (www.doctorswithoutborders.org). Formed under Doctors without Borders, the Bracelet of Life campaign was a vehicle for bringing the message about hunger straight to the public, later proving to be a powerful tool in making tangible the reality of malnutrition. After receiving overwhelming support and interest from young people, teachers, and schools, Doctors without Borders decided to offer a curriculum so that students could better understand the causes and consequences of famine. ♦ Feeding Minds, Fighting Hunger (www.feedingminds.org/info/): Available for primary, intermediate and secondary levels, The Feeding Minds, Fighting Hunger lessons have been developed as a starting point for teachers to introduce the topic of world hunger to their students. Given the wide variety of problems, cultures, and environments around the world, the lessons have been prepared as a framework for teachers, with the understanding that teachers will need to tailor the scope, language, discussions and activities provided for each lesson to fit their students and local conditions. All levels cover the following topics: What are hunger and malnutrition, and who are the hungry? Why are people hungry and malnourished What can we do to help end hunger? Each lesson contains objectives, concepts and activities to engage students in a discussion about these serious and persistent problems. HTU

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IV. Suggested Reading For elementary school to middle school students: The following readings are recommended by ABCDbooks as titles that help young people of all ages understand the varied circumstances of people in difficult and challenging situations and hopefully replace stereotypes and clichés with understanding, respect, and action. ♦ Hubbard, Jim. Lives Turned Upside Down--Homeless Children in their Own Words and Photographs, Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1996. Four children who know first-hand the reality of homelessness tell their stories. (Grades 3-8, Nonfiction) ♦ DiSalvo-Ryan, DyAnne. Uncle Willie and the Soup Kitchen, Morrow, 1991. When Willie's nephew works at the neighborhood soup kitchen by preparing and serving food, he gains admiration for the people who lend a hand. ♦ Leedy, Loreen. The Edible Pyramid. Holiday House, 1996. A clear and colorful picture of the food pyramid and all of its elements. U

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Pomeranc, Marion Hess. The Can-Do Thanksgiving. A. Whitman & Co., 1998. When Dee brings a can of peas to school for the can food drive, she keeps asking, “Where do my peas go?” Her persistent questioning results in a class project to prepare and serve food for people in need at Thanksgiving. ♦ Estes, Eleanor. The Hundred Dresses, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1944. 80 pp. Wanda Petronski gets teased by classmates because she lives in a poor part of town and wears the same dress every day. Maddie, a classmate, is confused by the taunting and by Wanda's statement that she has one hundred dresses at home. (Grades 2-6, Novel) ♦ Fly Away Home, Reading Rainbow. 30 minutes. Distributed by GPN (800) 2284630. Check local libraries for availability. In addition to hearing the story about a boy who lives in the airport with his dad, host LeVar Burton talks with children who are homeless to learn about them and their circumstances. Includes two examples of young people who are working to make a difference in the fight against homelessness and hunger. (Grades 3-12, Video) For High School Students: ♦ Bartsch, Julie. "Community Lessons: Promising Curriculum Practices." The Massachusetts Department of Education, Learn and Serve America and the Massachusetts Service Alliance, 2001. ♦ “Just Add Consciousness: A Guide to Social Activism." Oxfam America, Campus Outreach Opportunity League and Bread for the World. ♦ Kempf, Stephanie. "Finding Solutions to Hunger: A Sourcebook for Middle and Upper School Teachers." Special Edition for Oxfam America, 1997. ♦ "Youth Against Hunger: Hunger Awareness and Community Service Learning, 2000-2001." The Food Bank of Western Massachusetts, 2000. U

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V. Additional Links ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦

Center on Hunger and Poverty at Brandeis University: www.centeronhunger.org Great American Bake Sale: www.greatamericanbakesale.org Mazon: A Jewish Response to hunger: http://mazon.org OXFAM: http://oxfam.org The Hunger Site: www.thehungersite.com U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: www.hud.gov AmeriCorps: www.americorps.org Art Start www.art-start.org: Arts in the Shelters Program works with homeless kids in New York City who face the daily uncertainty and instability of living in city shelters. The program presents weekly workshops to help the children develop selfexpression and raise self-esteem through the process of making art. Focus: HOPE www.focushope.edu/food/. The G.I.V.E. Listings on Polo.com have links to many different organizations that do work in the arts, community involvement, and education and health issues: www.polojeans.com Habitat for Humanity: www.habitat.org Florida International University has created a list of “101 Ideas for Combining Service and Learning”: www.fiu.edu/~time4chg/Library/ideas.html Learn and Serve: www.learnandserve.org HTU

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The Points of Light Foundation websitecontains useful o businesses, aith-based groups, international groupsnonprofits and government agencies, and engaging youth & families as well as general resources: www.pointsoflight.org SERVEnet.org, Youth Service America: www.servenet.org United Way of America: http://national.unitedway.org Youth Service America: www.YSA.org Youth Service Opportunities Project: www.ysop.org TP

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