Human Development
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Andreas Renberg Studios Presents
A Vroman Production Of
Human Development
Andreas Renberg A4 Biology I Mr. Vroman
Human Development Overview • Zygote - the point of conception, fertilization • Blastocyst - the period between conception and embryonic stages • Embryo - the embryonic period starts at three weeks and continues until the end of the 8th week of pregnancy • Fetus - the fetal stage begins at the end of the 8th week and continues until childbirth • Birth • Neonate (newborn) (0-30 days) • Infant (baby) (1 month-1 year) • Toddler (1-4) • Primary school age (also called prepubescence) (4-12) • Adolescence and puberty (teenage) (13-19)
Zygote • A zygote is a cell that is the result of fertilization. That is, two haploid cells merge into a single diploid cell called the zygote. • Animal zygotes undergo mitotic cell divisions to become an embryo. • Other organisms may undergo meiotic cell division.
Blastocyst • The blastocyst has an inner cell mass, or embryoblast, and an outer cell mass, or trophoblast. • The human blastocyst is made up of about 70 to 100 cells. Blastocyst embryo on day 5
Embryo – 1 to 3 Weeks • 5-7 days after fertilization, the blastula attaches to the wall of the uterus. • When it comes into contact with the endometrium and implants itself there, the connections between the mother and the embryo will begin to form, including the umbilical cord. • The embryo's growth centers around an axis, which will become the spine and spinal cord.
Embryo – 4 Weeks • By four weeks, the embryo has a head, tail, backbone and limb buds - which will eventually become arms and legs. • The beginnings of ears and eyes are also visible. • Its heart is already beating, and the other organs are forming fast. • An umbilical cord starts to grow between the embryo and the placenta.
Human embryo after 4 weeks
Embryo – 5 to 6 Weeks • Neurogenesis, the development of brain cells, starts. Brain wave activity can be measured at about the 6th week. • The heart becomes more developed, and begins to beat. • The head measures to about one half of the embryo's total length, and more than half of the embryo's mass. Human embryo after 6 weeks
Embryo – 7 to 8 Weeks • The embryo's blood type becomes apparent. • Myogenesis, the formation of muscular tissue, and neurogenesis have progressed to where the embryo is capable of early reflexes and other motion. • The eyes form, but not the eyelids. • Lungs begin to form. • Organogenesis, the development of the internal organs, and growth continue. • At the end of the 8th week, the embryonic stage is over, and the fetal stage begins.
Human embryo after 7 weeks
Fetus – 9 Weeks •
• • • •
All major structures, including hands, feet, head, brain, and other organs are present, but they continue to grow, develop, and become more functional. The fetus bends the head, and also makes general movements. The arms and legs are long and thin. The hands can make a fist with fingers. Red blood cells are produced.
Fetus after 9 weeks
Fetus – 10 to 15 Weeks • The breathing-like movement of the fetus is necessary for stimulation of lung development, rather than for obtaining oxygen. • At nine weeks, the fetus is able to bend fingers around an object; in response to a touch on the foot, the fetus will bend the legs or curl the toes to move away from the object. • The face is well-formed and develops a more human appearance. • Eyelids close and remain closed for several months. • Tooth buds appear. • More muscle tissue and bones have developed, and the bones become harder.
Fetus – 16 to 25 Weeks • Eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails, and toenails appear. • The fetus has increased muscle development. • The nervous system develops enough to control some body functions. • The respiratory system has developed to the point where gas exchange is possible. Human embryo after 18 weeks
Fetus – 26 Weeks to Birth • The amount of body fat rapidly increases. • Thalamic brain connections, which mediate sensory input, form. • Bones are fully developed, but are still soft and pliable. • Fingernails reach the end of the fingertips. • Head hair becomes coarse and thicker.
Sources • • • • • •
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_development http://www.visembryo.com/baby/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development http://www.scienceclarified.com/El-Ex/Embryo-and-Embryonic http://www.spuc.org.uk/ethics/abortion/human-development http:// www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm
A Vroman Production Of
Human Development
Andreas Renberg A4 Biology I Mr. Vroman
Human Development Overview • Zygote - the point of conception, fertilization • Blastocyst - the period between conception and embryonic stages • Embryo - the embryonic period starts at three weeks and continues until the end of the 8th week of pregnancy • Fetus - the fetal stage begins at the end of the 8th week and continues until childbirth • Birth • Neonate (newborn) (0-30 days) • Infant (baby) (1 month-1 year) • Toddler (1-4) • Primary school age (also called prepubescence) (4-12) • Adolescence and puberty (teenage) (13-19)
Zygote • A zygote is a cell that is the result of fertilization. That is, two haploid cells merge into a single diploid cell called the zygote. • Animal zygotes undergo mitotic cell divisions to become an embryo. • Other organisms may undergo meiotic cell division.
Blastocyst • The blastocyst has an inner cell mass, or embryoblast, and an outer cell mass, or trophoblast. • The human blastocyst is made up of about 70 to 100 cells. Blastocyst embryo on day 5
Embryo – 1 to 3 Weeks • 5-7 days after fertilization, the blastula attaches to the wall of the uterus. • When it comes into contact with the endometrium and implants itself there, the connections between the mother and the embryo will begin to form, including the umbilical cord. • The embryo's growth centers around an axis, which will become the spine and spinal cord.
Embryo – 4 Weeks • By four weeks, the embryo has a head, tail, backbone and limb buds - which will eventually become arms and legs. • The beginnings of ears and eyes are also visible. • Its heart is already beating, and the other organs are forming fast. • An umbilical cord starts to grow between the embryo and the placenta.
Human embryo after 4 weeks
Embryo – 5 to 6 Weeks • Neurogenesis, the development of brain cells, starts. Brain wave activity can be measured at about the 6th week. • The heart becomes more developed, and begins to beat. • The head measures to about one half of the embryo's total length, and more than half of the embryo's mass. Human embryo after 6 weeks
Embryo – 7 to 8 Weeks • The embryo's blood type becomes apparent. • Myogenesis, the formation of muscular tissue, and neurogenesis have progressed to where the embryo is capable of early reflexes and other motion. • The eyes form, but not the eyelids. • Lungs begin to form. • Organogenesis, the development of the internal organs, and growth continue. • At the end of the 8th week, the embryonic stage is over, and the fetal stage begins.
Human embryo after 7 weeks
Fetus – 9 Weeks •
• • • •
All major structures, including hands, feet, head, brain, and other organs are present, but they continue to grow, develop, and become more functional. The fetus bends the head, and also makes general movements. The arms and legs are long and thin. The hands can make a fist with fingers. Red blood cells are produced.
Fetus after 9 weeks
Fetus – 10 to 15 Weeks • The breathing-like movement of the fetus is necessary for stimulation of lung development, rather than for obtaining oxygen. • At nine weeks, the fetus is able to bend fingers around an object; in response to a touch on the foot, the fetus will bend the legs or curl the toes to move away from the object. • The face is well-formed and develops a more human appearance. • Eyelids close and remain closed for several months. • Tooth buds appear. • More muscle tissue and bones have developed, and the bones become harder.
Fetus – 16 to 25 Weeks • Eyebrows, eyelashes, fingernails, and toenails appear. • The fetus has increased muscle development. • The nervous system develops enough to control some body functions. • The respiratory system has developed to the point where gas exchange is possible. Human embryo after 18 weeks
Fetus – 26 Weeks to Birth • The amount of body fat rapidly increases. • Thalamic brain connections, which mediate sensory input, form. • Bones are fully developed, but are still soft and pliable. • Fingernails reach the end of the fingertips. • Head hair becomes coarse and thicker.
Sources • • • • • •
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_development http://www.visembryo.com/baby/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development http://www.scienceclarified.com/El-Ex/Embryo-and-Embryonic http://www.spuc.org.uk/ethics/abortion/human-development http:// www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm
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