Hreib Human Right Module-8-iccpr

oifcef;pm (8)

EkdifiHwum EkdifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf Interntional Convenant on Civil and political Rights ( ICCPR) &nf&G,fcsuf • EdkifiHom;ESifh EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;ta=umif;udk tao;pdwfavhvmod&Sdap&ef? • xdktcGifhta&;rsm;udk rdrdb0wGif rnfr#av;pm;vdkufemr_cH&a=umif;udk avhvmqef;ppfrdap&ef? Activity (v_yf&Sm;r_)

oifwef;om;rsm;udk tkyfpki,frsm;cGJ+yD; EkdifiHwum EkdifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qkdif&moabmwlpmcsKyf . tydk'f(27) ydk'fudk tao;pdwfazmfjyxm;onfh pm&Gufrsm;udk a0ay;yg? xdkpm&GufxJwGif tcGifhta&;rsm; wydk'fcsif;pDtao;pdwf azmfjyxm;onfhtjyif rdom;pk/ ywf0ef;usifESifh EdkifiHawmf[lI Z,m;uGufyg&Sdonf? ICCPR wGifygaom

tdrf

ywf0ef;usif

txl;ðy tcGifhta&;rsm; tydk'f (1) wOD;.tusdK;ESifhywfoufaom qHk;jzwfcsufudk vGwfvGwfvyfvyf csrSwfEdkifjcif;/ wOD;.qHk;jzwfcsufudk av;pm;jcif;/

tjcm;olrsm;tm; rxdcdkufapbJ qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfjcif;/

tydk'f(2) vdifuJGjym;r_/ tv$m/ bmoma&;/ wdkif;&if;om;vlpkESifh tjcm;ta=umif; t&mrsm;a=umifh cJGjcm;jcif;r&SdbJ vlwdkif; wef;wlpGmESifh w&m;r#wpGm qufqHcH&jcif;/ vlwOD;. tajctaeESifh tqifhtwef;udk tcsdefwdkif;wGif av;pm;cH&jcif;/ vlenf;pkrsm;udk av;pm;jcif;/

1

ausmif;

tvkyfcGif

tydk'f (3) vlwdkif; usm;§r uJGjym;jcif;r&SdbJ wef;wlqufqHcH&jcif;/ b0.tpdwftydkif;u¾tm;vHk;wGif usm;§r cJGjcm;jcif;r&SdbJ wef;wlqufqHcHjcif;/ usm;§rt=um; wef;wlav;pm;jcif;udk usifhoHk;jcif;/

tydk'f(4) ta&;ay:umvtwGif; tcGifhta&; rsm;udk qufvufcHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sdjcif;/ ta&;ay:umvtwGif;Yom tcGifh ta&;rsm;udk jyif;jyif;xefxef uef@ owfjcif;cH&+yD; tjcm;tcsdefrsdK;wGif pdwfxifovdkuef@owfjcif;rsdK; r&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f(5) a=umuf±GH@r_r&SdbJ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk usifhoHk;cGifh&Sdjcif;/ vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;udk wm0ef&Sdol tm%mydkifrsm;u av;pm;r_&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f(6) vlwOD;wa,muf.b0onf +cdrf;ajcmufr_vHk;0r&SdbJ vHkòcHr_&Sdonf[k cHpm;&jcif;/

2

ao'%fay;jcif;rusifhoHk;onfh ay:vpDcsrSwfxm;jcif;/ vlom;wdk@b0udk rnfonfhtEW&m,f ay;jcif;/ +cdrf;ajcmufjcif;wdk@r&SdbJ umuG,fay;cH&jcif;/ tjcm;olrsm;.b0udkd+cdrf;ajcmufjcif; tm; wm;qD;xm;jcif;/

tydk'f(7) &ufpuf=urf;óuwfpGm/ vlrqefpGmESifh vl@oduQmusqif;apaom ESdyfpufr_/ tjypfay;r_rsdK;rS uif;vGwfjcif;/ ±kyfydkif;/ pdwfydkif;ESifhtjcm;vlrqefaom tjypfay;r_rsm;udk tm%mydkifrsm;u a&Smif=uOfjcif;/ vlwOD;. ±kyfydkif;/ pdwfydkif;/ cHpm;&r_tydkif; tm;vHk;tay: av;pm;ay;cH&jcif;/

tydk'f(8) vkyftm;apcdkif;jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifh &Sdjcif;/ qENrygbJ vkyftm;apcdkif;jcif;tm; wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u a&Smif=uOfjcif;/ tjcm;olrsm;. vkyftm;udk av;pm;jcif;/

3

tydk'f(9) rdrdcHpm;ae&aom vGwfvyfcGifhESifh vHkòcHaer_wdk@ aysmufuG,fqHk;±_H; oGm;rnfudk rpdk;&drf&jcif;/ vlom;rsm;. vGwfvyfcGihfESifh vHkòcHr_wdk@tm;tumtuG,fay;onf Oya'rsm; jyXmef;xm;jcif;/ vlwOD;uwefzdk;xm;aomvGwfvyfr_ ESifh vHkòcHr_wdk@udkrqHk;±_H;&ef w&m;Oya' vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f(10) w&m;pJGqdkolESifh w&m;pJGqdkcH&ol ESpfOD;pvHk; vlom;qefpGmjzifh av;av;pm;pm; qufqHcH&jcif;/

tydk'f(11) ta=uG;rqyfEdkifojzifh vlwa,muftm; axmifrcsEdkifjcif;

tydk'f(12) e,fajrwcktwGif; vGwfvyfpGm 0ifa&muf/ xGufcGmEdkifjcif;/ vdktyfoifhawmfojzifh Oya't& uef@owfxm;onfhtem;vSnhfvnf oGm;vmcGihf&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f(13) wdkif;jynfrS ESifxkwfcH&rnfh wdkif;wjcm;om;tm; 4

bma=umifhjzpfa=umif; tcsuftvuf rsm;tm;today;jcif;/

tydk'f(14) tjypfr&Sd[k vufcHxm;Edkifjcif;/

vsifjref/ w&m;r#w+yD; vltrsm;=um;emEdkifaom w&m;pD&if&Edkifjcif;/ vkHavmufaom w&m;a&;tultnDudk &&SdEdkifjcif;/ pGyfpJGoludk &ifqdkifEdkifjcif;/

w&m;pD&ifcsufudk od&SdEdkifjcif;/

tydk'f (15) usL;vGefcJhpOfu w&m;r0ifr_ r[kwfaomfvnf; aemufydkif;wGif w&m;r0if[kowfrSwfvmcJhaom tr_rsdK;a=umifh tjypfay;cH&r_r&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f (16) Oya't&tumtuG,fay;cH&aom tcGifhta&;&Sdjcif;/ w&m;pJGydkifcGifhESifh w&m;pJGcHydkifcGifhrsm; &Sdjcif;/

5

tydk'f (17) vlwOD;. yk*~vduqufoG,fr_tay: av;pm;jcif; vlwOD;.cdkem;&maetdrftm; av;pm;jcif;ESihf umuG,fay;jcif;/ vlwOD;. *k%fESifhoduQmtay: wdkufcdkufjcif;tm;umuG,fay;jcif;/

tydk'f (18) bmoma&;tm; vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifhESifh rudk;uG,fcGifhtm; usifhoHk;Edkifjcif;/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifhuJGjym;aom ,Hk=unfr_tm; qkwfudkifxm;ydkifcGifhudk av;pm;jcif;/ wOD;.,Hk=unfudk;uG,fr_udk vGwfvyfpGm usifhoHk;Ekdifjcif;/

tydk'f (19) owif;rsm;udk tvG,fwuk&&SdEdkifjcif;/

wOD;. cHpm;csufESifhxifjrif,lqcsuf rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmwifjyEdkifjcif;/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifh uJGvJGaomt,ltq rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmwifjyEdkifjcif;/ 6

tydk'f (20) rkef;wd;r_jzpfapaom a[majymr_rsm; ESifh ppfv_H@aqmfaom0g'jzef@r_rsm;tm; cGifhrðyjcif;/

tydk'f (21) qENjyyJGrsm;ESifh vlxkpDwef;vSnfhvnfyJG rsm;wGif yg0ifcGifhESifh vlxkpka0;yJGrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm pDpOfEdkifjcif;/

tydk'f (22) tvkyform;rsm; tvkyform;or*~udk vGwfvyfpGmzJG@pnf; yg0ifEdkifjcif;/ vlwdkif; tzJG@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tkyfpk rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmzJG@pnf;cGifh&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f (23) rnfol@udk rnfonfhtcsdefwGif vufxyfrnfudk vGwfvyfpGma&G;cs,fEdkifjcif;/ vufrxyfbJ aeEdkifjcif;/

vufxyfxdrf;jrm;xm;olrsm;onf wef;wltcGifhta&;/ wm0efESifh cHpm;cGifhrsm;&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f (24) 7

uav;rsm;onf olwdk@tm; umuG,f ay;&ef vdktyfaomtcGifhta&;rsm; tm;vHk;udk &&SdcHpm;ydkifcGifh/ uav;rsm;onf EdkifiHom;jzpfcGifh&Sdjcif;/

uav;rsm;tay: cJGjcm;zdESdyfr_r&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f (25) acgif;aqmifrsm;udk a&G;cs,fcGifh&Sdjcif;/

vlxkvkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifvkyfaqmifcGifh&Sdjcif;/ vsdK@0SufaomrJay;r_rSwqifh rJqENay;cGifh&Sdjcif;/

tydk'f (26) Oya'udk vlwOD;wa,muftm; rsufESmvdkufonfhae&mwGif toHk;rðyjcif;/ Oya'udk vlwOD;wa,muftm; tusdk;rJhatmif vkyfaqmif&mwGif toHk;rðyjcif;/

tydk'f (27) wdkif;&if;om;/ bmoma&;ESifh bmompum; uJGjym;aomvlenf;pk 8

rsm;udk 4if;wdk@. vlrsdK;jzpfr_/ bmomw&m;/ bmompum;wdk@tm; qufvufusifhoHk;cGifhðyxm;jcif;/ vlenf;pkrsm;. wdkif;&if;om;jzpfr_rsm;/ bmom pum;rsm;ESifh udk;uG,fonfh bmomw&m;rsm; raysmufysufoGm; atmifumuG,fay;onfh óud;yrf;r_rsm;vkyfaqmifjcif;/ Discussion (tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;jcif;)

(1) yxrqHk; oifwef;om;rsm;udk xdkZ,m;uGufrsm;xJwGif rdrdwdk@óuHawG@cHpm;ae&onfh EdkifiHa&;ESifh EdkifiHom; tajctaersm;udk wOD;csif;pOf;pm;apI tqifhrsm;owfrSwfay;&efjzpfonf? owfrSwf&rnfhtqifhrsm;rSm • tjynfht0av;pm; vdkufemcH&onf[kqdkv#if? (&DarmaeaomrsufESm) • auseyfavmufatmifav;pm;vdkufemcH&onf? ( òyH;aeaomrsufESm) • wcsKd@w0ufav;pm;vdkufemr_&Sdonf? (w0ufòyH;aeaomrsufESm) • vHk;0av;pm;vdkufemay;jcif;r&Sd? (rJhaeaomrsufESm) (2) wOD;csif;tvdkuf tqifhowfrSwfay;+yD;ygu vlOD;a&tvdkuftkyfpkrsm;jyefcJGay;yg? wzJG@v#if av;a,muf xuf rydkygapESifh? EkdifiHwum EkdifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qkdif&moabmwlpmcsKyf.tydk'frsm;udk oifhawmfovdk xdktkyfpkrsm;xH cJGa0ay;yg? wzJG@v#if 6 ydk'f rS 9 ydk'f txd cJGa0ay;Edkifonf? (3) cJGa0+yD;ygu tzJG@rsm;&&Sdxm;aomtydk'frsm;udk tzJG@vdkuftqifhrsm; jyefvnfowfrSwfay;&rnf? xdkodk@ owfrSwf&mwGif tzJG@Yyg0ifaomolrsm;tm;vHk;ESifh waoGrwdrf; tqifhwl&efrjzpfEdkifI trsm;qHk;oabmwl nDEdkifonfhtqifhudk óud;pm;owfrSwfay;&ef wdkufwGef;&rnf? (4) xdkodk@ wzGJ@csif;pD oabmwlowfrSwf+yD;aomf tkypf k}uD;xHjyefvnfwifjyapyg? useftzGJ@rsm;. wifjycsuf rsm;wGif r&Sif;aomtcsuf/ ar;jref;p&mrsm;udk jyefvnfar;jref;apyg? oifwef;ydk@csolu atmufyg ar;cGef;rsm;ar;I oifwef;om;rsm; aqG;aEG;tm;aumif;vmatmif vkyfaqmif yg? • tydk'fawG&J@ owfrSwfcsufawGxJrSm bmawGowdxm;rdovJ? • b,ftydk'fawGu trsm;qHk; cHpm;ae&ovJ/ bma=umifhvdk@xifovJ? • b,ftydk'fawGu trsm;qHk;av;pm;rcH&bl;vJ? bma=umifhvdk@xifovJ? • rdom;pk/ ywf0ef;usifeJ@ EdkifiHawmfrSm b,fae&mawGu trsm;qHk;av;pm;ay;wmawG@&vJ? b,fae &mawGu trsm;qHk;csKd;azmufaeovJ? • tckawG@&wJh tqihfowfrSwfcsufawGu bmawGazmfjyaeovJ?

9

Input (ta=umif;t&mESifhqufpyfonfh A[kokway;jcif;)

EdkifiHwum EdkifiHom;ESifhEdkifiHa&;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

• • • • • • •

1966 ckkESpf/ 'DZifbmv (16) &ufae@wGif twnfðycJhonf? 1976 ckESpf/ rwfv (23) &ufae@wGif touf0ifvmonf? tykd'f (53) ykd'fyg0ifonf? tykd'f (6 -27) txdonf tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonf? tydk'f (28 - 53) txdonf vl@tcGifhta&;aumfrwD.wm0efrsm; jzpfonf? 2002 ckESpf azaz:0g&Dvtxd 148 ekdifiHtwnfðy vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onf? y%mr vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom EdkifiH(7) EkdkifiH&Sdonf?

aemufqufwGJ pmcsKyfrsm;

aemufqufwGJpmcsKyf -1 • • • • •

aemufqufwGJpmcsKyf -2

1966/ 'DZifbm (16)&ufjyXmef; 1976/ rwfv (23) wGiftouf0ifvm 2002ck/ azaz:0g&D txd (101) EkdifiHtwnfðy y%mr (4)EkdifiH vufrSwfxdk; wOD;csif;wkdif=um;jcif;udk vufcH

- 1989 ckESpfwGifjyXmef; -1991/ Zlvkdif (11) wGif touf0ifvm -2002/ azaz:0g&dD txd (46) EkdifiHtwnfðy - y%mr (7)EkdifiH vufrSwfxdk; - ao'%fay;r_ zsufodrf;apa&;/

vl@tcGifhta&;aumfrwD EkdifiHwum EkdifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf aumfrwdDudk vl@tcGifhta&;aumfrwD [kac:onf? vuffrSwfa&;xkd;xm;aom tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;rS u|rf;usifol (18) OD;jzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;onf? vkyfief;wm0efrsm; • ekdifiHrsm;rStpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk zwf±_avhvm&jcif;/ (yxrtpD&ifcHpmudk yxrwESpftwGif;/ ykHrSeftpD &ifcHpmudk (5) ESpfw}udrf wifoGif;&onf?) • okH;oyf/ qkH;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;/ • wOD;csif;wkdif=um;r_ ppfaq;jcif;/

10

• • • • • • • •

xdkekdifiHtpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,fwOD;rS trsm;=um;emaom ae&mwGifzwfjy&jcif;/ EdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u odvdkonfrsm;udk jyefvnfar;jref;jcif;/ tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS wif/ ar;aom tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udkyg xnfhpOf;pm;jcif;/ tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onf w&m;0ifwifr&yJ/ aumfrwD0ifrsm;xH tcsuftvufay;ydk@ Edkifjcif;/ EdkifiHtay:qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfI oufqdkif&mEdkifiHudktoday;jcif;/ Oya'oufa&mufapaom tm%m/ ta&;,lEdkifonfh tm%mr&Sdjcif;/ (Enforcement Power) wOD;csif;wkdif=um;r_rsm;ukd vufcHEkdif/ rEkdif t&ifqkH;jzwfonf? qkH;jzwf+yD;v#if oufqkdif&mEkdifiHokd@ ta=umif;=um;onf? wOD;csif;wkdif=um;r_rsm;onf pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEidk fiH.csKd;azmufr_udk wdkif=um;jcif;jzpf&rnf//

aumfrwDu avhvmppfaq;r_ajrmufaom wdkif=um;jcif;udpPjzpf&efrSm atmufygtcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDr_&Sd &rnf? (1) tr_wdkif=um;aomol (odk@) wdkif=um;olrsm;onf trnfrazmfvkdaomol rjzpf&? aemufqufwGJ pmcsKyf tzGJ@0ifEdkifiH. w&m;pD&ifxHk;rsm;ESifh tóuH;0ifoljzpf&rnf? (2) csKd;azmufcH&oludk,fwdkif (odk@) udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfoluwdkif=um;&rnf? odk@aomf xdkcsKd;azmufcH& oltaejzifh oludk,fwdkif wdkif=um;r_udkrwifoGif;Edkifonfh tajctaersKd;&SdaerSomv#if xdkukd,f pm;wdkif=um;r_udk aumfrwDu vufcHpOf;pm;rnfjzpfonf? (3) wdkif=um;r_onf oabmwlpmcsKyfwGif yg0ifaomtcsufrsm;ESSifh udkufnDr_&Sd&rnfjzpf+yD; aemuf qufwGJpmcsKyf. wdkif=um;cGifhudk tv$JoHk;pm;vkyfI wdkif=um;jcif;rjzpfap&? (4) xdktr_udpPonf tjcm;aom EdkifiHwumvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;t& udkifwG,fajz&Sif;ae&ef pOf;pm; oHk;oyfaeaom udpPrjzpfap&? (5) wdkif=um;olonf EdkifiHawmftqifh wdkif=um;r_rsm;udk vkyfaqmif+yD;jzpfaomfvnf; auseyfr_r& aom tr_rsKd;jzpf&rnf? Deepening (oifwef;om;rsm;.vufawG@tjzpfESifhEd_if;,SOfqufpyfay;jcif;)

oifwef;ydk@csolu EdkifiHwGif tpdk;&.tm%mESifh [email protected]&; csdefcGifv#mnDr#r_ESifh ywfoufI o ±kyfazmfyHkoHk;yHkudk atmufygtwdkif; jyoI &Sif;jyyg? vl@tcGifhta&; v_yf&Sm;awmif;qdkaeolrsm;aejzifh tpdk;& wGifom tm%mtjynfh&Sdaom tm%m&Siftpdk;&yHkpHrsKd;ESifh tcGifhta&;rsm; w&m;vGefawmif;aeaom rif;rJhp ±dkufrjzpfatmif owdðyoifha=umif; axmufjyxm;ygonf?

yHk (1)

11

tpdk;&yg0g

[email protected]&;rsm;

yHk (2)

tpdk;&yg0g [email protected]&;rsm;

yHk (3)

[email protected]&;rsm; tpdk;&yg0g

Synthesis (rnfuJhodk@vkyfaqmif/ umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifonfudk tajz&Smvkyfaqmifapjcif;)

12

oifwef;OD;aqmifolrS rdrdtwGuf oufawmifhoufomjzpfrnfhae&mwGif wdwfqdwfpGmxdkifap+yD; atmufygtwdkif;vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef oifwef;om;rsm;tm; ajymqdkyg om,m+idrfhanmif;aom aemufcHaw; *Dw wD;vkH;ukd zGifhay;xm;yg// • rsufpdrdSwfI tm±kHa=umrsm;udk ajzavsmh+yD; at;at;aq;aq;xdkifum aemufcHaw;*Dw wD;vkH;rS zGifhay;xm;aom oDcsif;udk cHpm;yg? • tckudk,fa&S›rSm awmufyonfh tvif;wef;}uD;jrifae&onf? • 4if;xJufkd xdk;azmuf0ifaevdkufyg? • tJ'DrSm cspfjcif;arwWm/ *±kpdkufr_rsm;jynfhaeaom tdrfwtdrf&Sdonf? tJ'Dae&mrSm rif;ukd,fwkdif b,f ae&mrSm ygovJudk cHpm;=unfhyg? • ywf0ef;usif/ vl@todkif;t0kdif;wGif 'D+idrf;csrf;a&;/ w&m;r#wa&;rsm;jynfhae/ rdrdb,fae&mrSm yg0if ovJ? • pmoifausmif;awG@ae+yD/ vGwfvyfaysmf&GifpGm pmoifae=uw,f/ rdrdb,fae&mrSm &SdaevJ aocsmpGm jrifatmif=unfhyg? • tvkyfcGifxJa&mufae+yD/ wDxGifzefwD;r_udktm;ay;aom zGH@òzd;wkd;wufonfh tvkyfcGifjzpfonf? wOD; csif;wefzdk;udk todrSwfðy/ yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr_&Sdkonf? xkdtvkyfcGifwGif oifudk,fwkdif b,fae&mrSm ygaevJ? • wkdkif;jynfwckudk jrifatmif=unfhyg? xkdwkdif;jynfonf +idrf;csrf;r_rsm;/ ºuG,f0csrf;omr_rsm;jzifh jynfh0 aeonfh oift+rJwrf;waeaom EkdifiHwckjzpfonf/ xkdEkdifiHwGif oifrnfonfhae&mwGif yg0ifaeygvJ? • w&m;r#w/ nDr#/ vGwfvyf/ vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;jzifh jynfh0aeaom urBm}uD;udk jrifatmif=unfhyg? tJ'DrSm oifudk,fwdkif b,fae&mrSm &Sdaeonfukd jrifatmifcHpm;=unfhyg? • ukd,fudkukd,f ar;cGef;xkwfyg/ 'DykH&dyfrsm; trSefwu,fjzpfEdkif&J@vm;? rSdwfxm;aom rsufvHk;rsm;jyefzGifhapyg? vdktyfaom ypPnf;rsm; jyifqifxm;aom EdkifiHom;ESifh EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qdkif&mZ,m;uGufESifh pm&Gufrsm;/ zwf&_avhvm&ef tjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;Oya'/ (vufpGJpmtkyf tcef;-4)/

EdkifiHom;ESifh

EdkifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyf

owdðy&ef - EkdifiHwum EkdifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf tykd'frsm;udk tkyfpkvdkufcJGa0&m wGif oifwef;om;ta&twGuftvkduf oifhawmfovdk cJGa0Edkifonf? tkyfpktwGif; vlenf;ygu ydkItqifajyEdkifonf? - rdom;pk/ ywf0ef;usif/ EdkifiHawmftpm; tvkyfcGif/ tzJG@tpnf;/ ausmif;ponfjzifh oifhavsmfovdk ajymif;Edkifonf?

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