History Of Cambodia

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Translation Series No.4 ‹ Documentation Center of Cambodia ‹Adhémard

Leclère: History of Cambodia by Tep Mengkhean ‹ Edited by Youk Chhang ‹ Graphic by Kim Sovann Dany Book design by Youk Chhang ‹ Printed in Cambodia 2005 ‹ Copyright ‹ ‹Translated

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Cover and

The History of Cambodia translation project was initiated in early Fall 2004 with personal support from the author of the book. The publication was funded in 2004 by the author.

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa Searching for the truth. Documentation Center of Cambodia P.O. Box 1110, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Tel.: + 855 (23) 211-875 Fax.: + 855 (23) 210-358 Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.dccam.org 1- Cambodia - History. I. Tittle: Histoire du Cambodge depuis le 1er siècle de notre ère... DS 554.5.L4 1975 959.6 73.1792 17 ISBN 0-404-54845-8

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Revue scientifique Bulletin de la Société d’Ethnographie de Paris Revue de l’histoire du droit francais et étranger

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4

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BaküLav {dUn} mann½yfa PUmi ekg mann½yfal,ak;. kaLaéh CaBaküRtab;tamsMeLgTwkCY EdlhUrenAcenøaHdufM µ RtÚvnwgBaküExµrfa qay/ kaqay.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

5

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6

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

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Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

7

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8

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

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6

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Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

9

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Baküeb:hÁÚenH RbEhlCaRtÚvnwgBaküéxesrbs;EpnTIpþÚelem nigBakübTsaTVIbrbs;BYkhiNÐÚ. 10 PasaGñkRsukehAfa tav:y/ Tn³RsI/ mnß nigmFm³. 11 kligÁ³CardæmYykñúg\NÐasm½yburaN sßitenAelIRcaMgxagekItén]bTVIb\NÐa Ebrmuxmkrk\NÐÚcinBImçagénQUg smuRTbwgháal;. rdæenHmanRsuk3 EdleKehArYmKñafa éRtligÁ³ eRkaymkkøayCa tiligÁ³ b¤taligÁ³ TIbBa©b;Ca talwg EdlCaRsukedImrbs;BYkhiNÐÚEdlmkrs;enA\NÐÚcin. talwg k¾CaeQµaHdMbUgrbs;BYk):akanenAPUmapgEdr. Tal;Et eRcInstvtSr_eRkayeBl EdleKmkdl;\NÐÚcin eTIbBYkkligÁ³dUreQµaHeTACa mn/ m:g; b¤m:ag vij EdlCaeQµaHRsuk cMNuH\NÐasm½yburaN KWrmnBaس køayeTACarmBaس Cam½j.

10

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

ehIyk¾RtÚv)aneKehAfatalwg²y:agenH rhUtdl;stvtSr_TI18 EtBYkGWr:ubehAfa taelog. KWcab;BI raCFanIenHehIy EdlBYkeKecjeTAlukluyTwkdIsuvNÑPUmi KWRbeTsPUmaPaKxagt,ÚgsBVéf¶. enA suvNÑPUmienH BYkkligÁ³EdlmkBIxagt,Úg nwgCYbCamYyBYkPUma EdlcuHmkBIxageCIg. manBYktalwgmYycMnYn edIrkat;PñMetNas;esrIm eTArs;enARcbUkRcbl;CamYyRbCaCn Edlman edImkMeNItCaExµrenARtg;TwkdIesomsBVéf¶. mYyRkúmeTotcuHeTAeRkameTAkan;eTobekaHm:aLakaeTArs; enACamYyGñkRsukedImEdlmanrYceTAehIy. BkY esom b¤ éf enAstvtSr_TI1énRKisþskraC minTan;manBYkesomb¤éf mkenACamYyBYkExµr camb¤cam:,a nig GaNÑameT.manRbPBedImecjBI\NÐa Rtg;nirtIRbeTscin BIsm½ykald¾yUrlg;mYy12 BYkenH)anmk deNþImykTwkdIenAcenøaH yunNanBIxagekIt TIebBIxaglic nigPUmaPaKxagelIBIxagt,Úg. BYkenH )an begáItCakSRtRbeTs (Principauté) rbs;éf)ancMnYn6 enAstvtSr_TI2énskraCeyIg EdlBYkcindak; eQµaHfa Nanqav mann½yfa kSRtTisxagt,Úg. eBlenaHBYkéfminTan;manKMnitcg;eFVIdMeNIrmkt,Úg KWmkkan;\NÐÚcinenAeLIyeT. BYkenH RbEhlCaFøab;maneFVIcm,aMgCamYy nwgBYkPUmaxøHehIyenA eBlenaH k¾b:uEnþ KµanÉksarNabBa¢ak;BIerOgenHeT enAstvtSr_dMbUg²énRKisþskraC ehIyvahak; dUcCaminTan;mans®gÁamFMduMeT munstvtSr_TI5. eyIgmanEtBt’mansþIBIerOgNanqav cuHmkvayPUma enAstvtSr_TI7b:ueNÑaH. cMENkTwkdIEdlsBVéf¶eyIgehAfaesomkalBIeBlenaHmanRbCara®sþrcY ehIy KWBkY Edlrs;enA tammat;TenøemNamxageRkam dUcKñaeTAnwgRbCaCnEdlrs;enAtammat;TenøemKgÁxageRkam rIÉBYkEdl rs;enAtammat;TenøemNamxagelI dUcKñaeTAnwgRbCaCnEdlrs;tammat;TenøemKgÁ kñúgRbeTslavEdr. naeBlenaH tamemIleTAvahak;dUcCamanBYkbreTs cUlmkrs;layLMCamYyBYkExµrenARtg; emNamPaKxageRkam nigkNþaleRsceTAehIy KWBYkmn EdleyIg)anerobrab;BIxagelIrYcehIy

BakükligÁ³ b¤køwgenH sBVéf¶RbCaCnkm<úCaeRbIsRmab;ehABYkhiNÐÚ rIÉRsukkøwgKWsMedAyk\NÐaCaTUeTA. TaMgGs;enH KWedayehtufa BYkeKknøgmk Føab;manTMnak;TMngEtCamYyBYkhiNÐÚenAkUr:Um:g;Edl KWBYkkligÁ³enHÉg. 12 RbEhlCa 8stvtSr_ munRKisþskraC.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

11

EtkarlayLMenH minGMeNaypll¥dl;karRtÜtRtarbs;BYkkm<úC³eT EdllaysBVl¥Cag. cab;BI dMbUgem:øH BYkmnExµrenHdUcCaR)akdxøÜneLIgCardæmincMNuH ehIyRbECgCamYynKrkm<úCa.dl;eBlEdl BYkéf b¤esom cuHmkc,aMgdeNþImykTwkdIenH)an BYkéf b¤esomenH )anTTYlCamrtknUvkMhwgrbs; RbCaCnEdlRtÚveKRtÜtRtaehIycab;bnþkarRbqaMgTl;nwgkarRtÜtRtarbs;Exµr rhUtdl;BYkeKTTYl)an nUveCaKC½ymkTl;nwgsBVéf¶ KW7stvtSr_eRkayeBldeNþIm)an\nÞbtþCaelIkTI1. bNaþ Rkmú ]bnei vsnh_ N i ÚÐ enAedIménRKisþskraC vahak;dUcCamanRkúm]bnievsn_ ¬GñkecjeTAenARbeTseRkA¦ CVa-m:aeL nighiNÐÚ EdlecjpÞal;mkBIRbCMuekaH GaMgs‘uyLaMg nigkligÁ³ mktaMgenAtammat;smuRTxagt,Úg nigxaglicén\NÐÚcinrYceTAehIy. eRkaymk BYkenH)anRcbl;layKñacUlCamYyGñkRsukedIm KWBYkExµrenHÉg. KWRkúm]bnievsn_kligÁ³TaMgGs;enH ehIyEdl)anksagraCaNacRktUc² Rbkb edayGarüFm’hiNÐÚ enAEpñkxagt,Úgén\NÐÚcin raCaNacRkTaMgenaHeRkaymkkøayCaRbeTskm<úCa b¤ RsukExµr. cMENkenAtammat;smuRTxaglicén\NÐÚcin EdlEbrmuxeTArkQUgsmuRTbwgháal;vij man raCaNacRktUc² EdlBYkB½rTuyehÁ ehAfaEmrta)an/ EmrKuy/ tav:y/ etNas;esrIm RBmTaMgraCa NacRktUc²enAtameqñrsmuRTxagekIténeTobekaHm:aLaka manlIhÁ½r b¤RsIFmµraCnKrCaedIm. GaNaÑ m b¤ tgu kgw kalBI2stvtSr_munRKisþskraC enAEb:kBay½BüéntugkwgsBVéf¶ manraCaNacRktUcmYy EdlBYkcinehAfaFuk b¤NamEy. GñkRsukrdæenHmanGm,ÚrCamn b:uEnþ BYkenHRbEhlCasßitenAeRkam karRtÜtRtarbs;BYkGaNÑam EdlmkBIPaKxagt,ÚgénTenøy:g;esküag b¤Tenøexov. raCFanI KWPangU. RBHraCamYyGgÁénraCaNacRkenH RBHnammn b¤ y:avCI )anRbkass®gÁamCamYycin rYcvay deNþImyk)anExRtkVagTug ¬kalenaHmaneQµaHfa étevot¦/ ExRtkVages nigPUeKon ¬kalenaH man eQµaHfa dugGU¦/ RBmTaMgrdætUc²mYycMnYneTot. RBHGgÁRtÚv)anRBHecAGFiraCcinTTYlsÁal;fa Ca RBHraCaéng:anNam b¤GaNÑamEdr. GaNÑamnaeBlenaH KWtugkwgsBVéf¶enHÉg. cab;BIeBlenaHmk raCaNacRkFuk eRkameQµaHfµIfa GaNÑam b¤g:anNam manTwkdIlatsn§wg cab;BIRBMEdnPaKxagt,ÚgyunNan rhUtdl;QUgsmuRTtugkwg nigrhUtdl;RBMEdnPaKxageCIgnKrcam:,a KWGaNÑamsBVéf¶.

12

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

raCaNacRkenH EdlcinehAfaNamEyb¤NamevotenAqñaM111 ¬mann½yfaTkSiNEbkExJk¦ bnÞab;mk )anRtÚvFøak;enAeRkamkarRtÜtRtarbs;]tþmesniyemT½Bcin EdlRBHecAGFiraCcinEtgtaMg[ eFVICaecAhVayExRt. BYkenHRKb;RKgGMNact²Kña BI«Bukdl;kUn ehIyBRgwgGMNacEtkñúgRKÜsarÉg y:agdUecñH. BYk]tþmesniy ecAhVayExRtTaMgenH )anEbgEckTwkdIRBHraCaNacRkGaNÑamCa 9ExRt ehAfakVan; kñúgenaHman 4sßitenAcinPaKxagt,Úg 3enAtugkwgxageRkam nig2eTotenAtugkwgxagelI. cMENkÉEpñkkNþalénraCaNacRkGaNÑam EdlesayraCüeday]braCcin manEckecjCa 3kVan; KW kVan;y:avCI/ KUeCOn nigjútNam. kVan;TaMgenH eKehAfaTYgkVag eRkaymkkøayCa tugkwg EdlsBVéf¶ enHCaeQµaHrbs;RbeTsTaMgmUl nigsßitenAcenøaH yunNan lav QUgsmuRTtugkwg CYrPñMGaNÑam nig mat;RckGaNÑam. eKdMNalfa enAqñaM166énRKisþskraC manBYkQµÜjEdlGHGagfa xøÜnCaraCTUtrbs;RBH GFiraCr:UmuaMg RBHnamfam:ak;GUEr:l ehIyEdlRbEhlminEmnmansBa¢atir:UmuaMgeT13 )anmkcuHsMeBA enAxagt,ÚgnKry:avCI b¤GaNÑamenH. tamemIleTA enAkñúgEpnTIrbs;pþÚelem haNUyKWGakaNakar:a ehIyRbCaCnEdlrs;enARtg; BamTenøRkhm )anehAxøÜnÉgtamrebobsamBaØfa GuindUy. BYkm:ar:am:a b¤ miy:am:a b¤ PUma enABay½Bü\NÐcÚ ni manTwkdIEdlmaneQµaHsBVéf¶faPUmaxagelI EdlmanBYkm:ar:am:ars;enABYkenH eRkaymk)andUreQµaHCaPUmavij.BYkenHcuHmkBITeI bkalBIrvag2b¤3stvtSr_mnu RKissþ kraCrYcmk deNþmI ykTwkdIrbs;BkY kaer:nenA.BYkkaer:nenHCaRbCaCnKµanGarüFm’stÚø cUlciteþ FVkI sikmµ. GaRs½y edayPaBeGoneRbón nigTMenomTmøab;Gn;fy BYkeKRtÚvrs;enAq¶ayBITIRkúgrhUtmkdl;sBVéf¶enH. vtþmanrbs;BYkm:ar:am:a enARtg;EpñkxagelIénTenø\ravtIenH )anbgç¿[BYksan EdlmanGm,Úréf Edr ehIyEdleyIgnwgelIkmkniyayxageRkamenH RtÚveKcxøÜneTArs;enAÉRsuklav ehIyeBleFVI 13

enA\NÐa eKehATaMgBYkRkik BYkGñkRsukeTobekaHGar:ab; nigBYkGñkrs;enAxaglicRsukEBrS faCa r:UmauMg rhUtmkdl; eBlfµI²enH BIeRBaHBYkenaHFøab;CacMNuHrbs;r:Um.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

13

dMeNIreTAdl;\NÐÚcin k¾begáIt)anCakSRtRbeTsCaeRcIn rs;enAq¶ayBIsmuRT BITenøedayminKitBIkar GPivDÆn_eLIy. BYkm:ar:am:a )anTuk[BYksanrs;enAelITwkdIEpñkxageCIg ehIymin)anrMxanBYkenHkñúgkarvatyk TwkdIÉxagekIteT BIeRBaHBYkm:ar:am:amanbMNgcg;EtcuHmkxageRkamTenø\ravtI sMedAmkrksmuRT eday Kµancg;vatykTwkdIRbeTslaveLIy. tamemIleTA enAedImstvtSr_énRKisþskraC BYkPUma b¤m:ar:am:a)andeNþImyk)anTwkdI Edl sBVéf¶enH KWRbeTsPUmaPaKxagelIrYceTAehIy. BkY san enAxaglicRbeTslavPaKxagelI bnÞab;BITwkdImYykEnøgenAelIRcaMgxagsþaMénTenøemKgÁ EdlCa cMENkmYyénRBHraCaNacRkhøÜgR)a)agsBVéf¶enH manRbCaCnmYyRkúmrs;enA KWBYksan. dUcEdl )anerobrab;BIxagelIrYcmkehIy BYksanenHmanGm,ÚrCamYyBYkéfb¤esom.RbCaCnsanenHcuHmkBI kEnøgmYy EdleRkaymkkøayCaraCaNacRktalI. BYkenH)anmkrs;enABIxagekItBYkPUma enAeBl EdlBYkPUmaenHkMBugvaydeNþImykTwkdIBIBYkmn b¤):akan EtRtÚvBYkmnvayedj[rt;eLIgeTAEpñkxag elIénTenø\ravtIvijeTA CakEnøgEdlBYkmnenHFøab;enAkalBI BIr-bIstvtSr_mun. enAedImRKisþskraC BYksan )anRtÜtRtaeBjTwkdIEdlBYkeKrs;enAsBVéf¶enH edaybegáIt)an CakSRtRbeTsmYycMnYn mansV½yPaBerog²xøÜn k¾b:uEnþTaMgGs;KñasßitenAeRkamkarRtÜtRtarbs; RBHecAGFiraCmYyGgÁ karRtÜtRtaenaHGacmanEtnam nigGacCakarRtÜtRtaBitR)akdEtenAkñúgkal³ eTs³xøHb:ueNÑaH. kSRtRbeTsTaMgGs;enaHsßitenAq¶ayBIsmuRT BITenøFM² nigBIBaNiC¢kmµpgEdr dUcenHBYkeKmin sUvCalUtlas;b:unµaneT. edayehtuenaH BYkeKxitxMbgábegáInplEtelIdIEdleKdeNþIm)anBIBYklav b:ueNÑaH ehIymin)anykcitþTukdak;nwgsßabnapøÚvfñl;eFVIdMeNIrGVIeLIy. eKKitfa mankulsm<½n§sanmYyenAEpñkxagelIrdæGasamEdr b:uEnþKWCakSRtRbeTsmYy Edlmin sUvCamansarsMxan; b:unµaneT. GBM RI beTscni enAedImRKisþskraC RbeTscin)anmanGtßiPaBRbEhlCa3000qñaMrYcmkehIy. BYkcin man

14

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

GarüFm’rIkceRmInxøaMgNas;eTAehIy KWmanTsSnviC¢aRbkbedayKtibNÐittaMgBI5stvtSr_munmkem:øH nigmansasnaeRcIn EdlmanmUldæansßitenAelIsIlFm’RbkbedayvicarNBaØaN nigenAelIkar eKarBbUCabuBVbursRBmTaMgTMenomTmøab;buraNpg. eBlenaH RbeTscinminFMdUcsBVéf¶enHeT. bNþaExRtxaglicminsßitenAeRkamGaNaBüa)al rbs;BYkeKeT. RbeTsTIebkalenaH enAÉkraC minTan;CaTwkdIrbs;cinenAeLIy. ehIycinRbEhl CaRtÜtRtabNþaExRtEdlenAq¶ayBIraCFanI minCaeRcInb:unµaneT. GMNacrbs;cinenAeBlenaH KWCa GMNacEdlmanEteQµaHb:ueNÑaH cMeBaHRbCaCnCaeRcInenATisxageCIg nigxagnirtI. BYkGaNÑam enAxagt,Úg nigBYkkUer:enAxageCIg EdlminRtwmEtminTTYlykGnutþrPaBrbs;cinb:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMg bHe)arRbqaMgeTotpg. eTaHCay:agenHkþI enAkEnøgNaEdlcinvatGMNaceTAdl; BYkeKpSBVpSayGarüFm’rbs;eK ehIy RbCaBlrdæTTYlykTMenomTmøab; ]tþmKti RbéBNI nigTsSnviC¢arbs;eK. GVIEdl)anerobrab;mkxagelIenHKWCaGVIEdlmanenAelITwkdI\NÐÚcin enAedImRKisþskraC KWman RbCaCnEdlrs;enAkñúg]bTVIb\NÐÚcin RbCaCnEdlKMramkMEhgmkBIxagt,Úg nigRbCaCn Edlrs;enA PaKxageCIgEdlenAEtman\T§iBly:agxøaMg nigmanRbsiT§PaBmkelI\NÐÚcin rhUtdl;sBVéf¶enH. enAeBlEdlniyayGMBIRbvtþisa®sþrbs;RbCaCnkm<úCa eyIgRtÚvEtniyayGMBIRbeTsTaMgGs; enaHEdr BIeRBaHeRkAEtBIRbeTscin nigRbeTs\NÐaEdleRcInEtmanTMnak;TMngmitþPaBCamYykm<úCa RbeTsCitxagÉeToteRcInEtmancm,aMgCamYykm<úCa nigmanRbeTsCaeRcInEdlkm<úCa)anvay kan;kab;dak;CacMNuH. \LÚvenH eyIgBinitüemIlfaetIGaNacRkExµrd¾xøaMgkøamYyenHcab;epþImeLIgy:agdUcemþc rIkceRmIn y:agNa ehIyetIeRkayBIdeNþIm)anTwkdI\NÐÚcinPaKkNþal taMgBIeCIgrhUtmkdl;t,Úg eBalKW GagTenøemKgÁTaMgmUlrYcehIy ehtuGVIk¾Rsab;EtRtÚvkat;pþac;GMBInKrcMNuHTaMgLayGs;rlIg enAsl;Et TwkdItUcmYyy:agdUecñH. eyIgnwgRsavRCavemIl bnÞab;mk faetIkarmkdl;rbs;BYk)araMg)anCYy eRsacRsg;RbeTsenHBIkNþab;édBYkesomEdlCasRtÚv1000qñaM nigBIkNþab;édBYkGaNÑam Edl eQøaHCamYyExµr3stvtSr_rYcmkehIyedayrebobNa. enATIbBa©b; eyIgnwgBinitüemIlfa eRkam \T§iBlénGarüFm’)araMg RbeTsenHhak;dUcERbCamanvasnamYyepSg déTBIvasnaénkarFøak;cuH rbs;xøÜnEdleRtómTukedayELkkalBIfµI²enAeLIy.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

15 CMBUkTI1

1- GBM RI beTshN ÚV n BYkcin EdlsÁal;\NÐÚcintaMgEtBI2000qñaMmun edaymanBYkGñkedIrsMeBAmkcuHctCajwkjy pgenaH )anehATwkdIénGagTenøemKgÁxageRkamrhUtdl;mat;smuRTxagt,Úgfa hVÚNn b¤b:UNn. tamemIleTA BYkviRbCab¤kulsm<½n§Edlrs;enATIenaH min)ansÁal;eQµaHEdlcindak;[eKenHeT1. ebItamRbCaCnkm<úCa nigtamerOgeRBg GñkRsuk)anehAcMENkEdlRtÚvnwgkm<úCasBVéf¶fa eKakFøk b¤nKreKakFøk2. KWeBleRkayyUrmkeToteTIb GñkRsukERbehAfa RsukExµrvij rYceRkay²mkeTotehA km<úCa CasM®sáwtfa kmVúCa CaeQµaHEdleRCIserIsedayBYkGñkmkc,aMgdeNþImRsuk nigGñkEdlnaMGarüFm’ hiNÐÚmkpþl;[. b:uEnþ ebIeTaHCaeQµaHenaHCaBakücin CaBakürbs;GñkRsuk b¤k¾CaBaküsM®sáwtkþI k¾enA\NÐaPaK xageCIgeKsÁal;RbeTsExµreRkameQµaHfa skáTVIb mann½yfa TVIb b¤TwkdIrbs;edImsk³ KWedImém:sak;. edImém:sak;xusKñaBIedImFøk k¾b:uEnþedImeQITaMg2manEpødUcKña EdlBYkekµg²Etgykmkkekr ehIyeK GacykmkcRmaj;ykeRbg)an. ebIdUecñH eKGacTTYlsÁal;fa eQµaHEdleKdak;[km<úCa eTaHCadak; [edayRbCaCnxøÜnÉg b¤k¾dak;[edayBYkhiNÐÚkþI KWCaBaküEtmYy ehIyedayehtuenH RbéBNIrbs; RbCaCn KWBitCaRtÚvnwgsBaØaNrbs;hiNÐÚEdr. KYrkt;smÁal;fa enAstvtSr_TI2énRKisþskraC BYkRkik nigr:UmuaMg sÁal;RsukExµr edayEpnTIrbs; 1

k¾b:uEnþBaküenHhak;dUcCaminEmnCaBakürbs;cineT. vaminmann½yfaExRtxagt,Úg dUcEdleK)anniyayenaHeT BIeRBaHfa tam Fmµta enAkñúgPasacin KuNnamenABImuxnamCanic©. mü:ageTot Bakü hVÚ minmann½yfaExRteT KWmann½yfa TIRkúgtUc lMdab;fñak;TI3 Etb:ueNÑaH. dUcenHBakü hVÚNn Kµann½yeT. EtBaküenHGacCakarsesrcmøgeQµaHtamBakü GñkRsukNamYy EdlcinGanminc,as;. enAstvtSr_TI2 énRKisþskraC hVÚNn CaTRmg;cugeRkayrbs; b:UNn. k¾b:uEnþ etIRtÚvBnül;karEdl)at;Bakü b:UNn eTAedayrebobNa kñúgPasaniyay kñúgerOgeRBg b¤kñúgsilacarwk? 2 tamkMNt;RtamYyEdlepJIBITIRkúgev:enAqñaM1908 CUnelak lUs Caer:suIdg;Can;x<s;)araMgRbcaMkm<úCa)anniyayfa ExRt y:aDij kalBIGtItkald¾yUrmkehIymaneQµaHfa PUNn. eRkaymkdUrCa FugcanLab; nigeRkaymkeTotfa RtaydugpU. cab;BIqñaM1701mk k¾ERbeTACa PUy:aDij rhUtmk.

16

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

pþÚelem EdlKUseLIgtamkarniTanrbs;GñkeFVIdMeNIrtamsmuRT EpnTIenaHdak;eQµaH[fa CaRsukrbs; BYkelésþ3 EdlxusKñaq¶ayNas;nwgBakükm<úCa. elakvresnIy_Ék ehSrInI )ansnñidæanfa eQµaHenH minEmnCaeQµaHEdlfatamBaküGñkRsukedImenaHeT EtKWCaBaküERbeTAvij. ebIniyaydUecñH elésþ CaBaküRkikEdlmann½yfa ecar b¤ecarsmuRT. ´enAminTan;yl;enAeLIyGMBInirutþisa®sþ d¾buinRbsb; EbbenH Et´hak;dUcCaTal;R)aCJ kñúgkarEdlcg;Bnül;BaküExµr EbrCaelcBakü elésþ eTAvij. Et elakvresnIy_Ék)anrMlwkfa Bakükm<ú EdlmanenAkñúgsilacarwkCaeQµaHrbs;eTv³buBVbursrbs; km<ú sV½ymÖú Edlmann½yfaekItmaneLIgedayxøÜnÉg eBalKW RBHRBhµ. ehIyBaküenHCaPasasM®sáwtman n½yfa ecar b¤ecarsmuRT. edayehtuenH elakvresnIy_snñidæanfa BaküRkikfa elésþ RtÚvKñanwgBakü km<ú BaküTaMgBIrm:at;enHmann½yfa ecar/ ecarsmuRT b¤ebIehacNas; k¾sMedAykBYkGñkEdlrs;enACa RkúmRbdab;edayGavuFEdr. elaksnñidæanbnþeTotfa enARsukenH GñkRsukRbkbmuxrbrCaecarsmuRT b¤ebIBuMenaHeT k¾RtÚvCakUnecArbs;emecarsmuRT b¤ecarbøn;tamsmuRTNamñak; EdlbuKÁliklkçN³ )an rlub)at;tameBlevlaeTAehIy enAstvtSr_TI54. TaMgerOgeRBg TaMgRbéBNIkm<úCa niyayfa BYkGñkrs;enAkñúgnKreKakFøkmaneQµaHfa naK Edl eRkaymkdUrCaExµr rYcCakm<úCavij5. EtvamanmUlehtuEdlGac[eCO)anfa Bakü{naK}enH minEmn CaeQµaHedImEdleKehAxøÜneKenaHeT b:uEnþ KWCaBaküEdlBYknirRbevsn_hiNÐÚdak;[. BaküEdleKehA

3

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Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

17

xøÜneKenaH KWRbEhlCaBaküEdlmanenArhUtdl;sBVéf¶ KWExµrenHÉg RKan;EtBaküenH mansresr Ebøk²Kña eTAtameBlevlaTIkEnøg nigtamRKamPasarbs;GñkRsuknImYy²KWmanBaküxm/ekAem/ekµn/ kµI/ KimI/ KYr/ ekµór/ kumar EdlCaBakütamPasaGñkviRbCaedIm6. enAcMeBaHmuxBYkbreTshiNÐÚ EdlmanGarüFm’eCOnelOnCagBYkGñkrdævasI ¬GñkenAkñúgrdæ¦ EdlminsUvmanGavuFpg ehIyk¾GacCaGñkcUlcitþsnþiPaBCagpg min)anvaytbteT eKdkfyTuk kEnøg[BYkenaH taMgTIlMenAksag)anCaRkúm]bnievsn_BaNiC¢kr EdleFVIdMeNIrecjcUlRsukeday sßitenAdac;RsLHBIGñkRsukedIm EteRkaymk)ankøayeTACaemdwknaMRsukvij. Rkúm]bnievsn_dMbUg²CaRkúm]bnievsn_BYkCVamkBIekaHCVa b¤BYkm:aeLmkBIekaHs‘Um:aRtaEdl)an TTYlGarüFm’hiNÐÚrYcmkehIy. BYkRkúm]bnievsn_EdlmkbnÞab;eTot KWBYkhiNÐÚmkBIrdækligÁ³. Éksarcin)anrkSaTuknUverOgr:avd¾sMxan;mYy EdlGacCakarcgcaMesssl;BIkarQøanBan elIkTImYyrbs;BYkm:aeLmkelIkm<úCaenARtg;mþúMcUvduk BIeRBaHfamat;Bamrbs;TenøemKgÁkalBIeBlenaH RbEhlCaenAx<s;CagsBVéf¶ ehIydIEdlGacsg;lMenAsßan)an enAkan;Etq¶aybnþic eTAxageCIg. erOgr:avEdlBYkcin)anrkSaTukenaH )anRtÚveKerobrab;enAstvtSr_TI3énRKisþskraC k¾b:uEnþ erOgenaH RbEhlCaGacmanb£sKl;taMgBI100 b¤200qñaMmun. kalenaH RbeTsenHdwknaMedaykSRtImYyGgÁ RBHnamfa lIvyI7 ERbfasøwkRsUl. eBlenaH manbursmñak;eQµaH hYnhVIú b¤ h‘uneTon EdleKarBbUCaRBhµBaØsasna eFVIdMeNIrmkBITisTkSiN KWecjBI smuRTxagt,Úg8 mkctsMeBAenAnwgraCFanI ehIy)anvayQñHT½BEdlRBHnaglIvyI)anbBa¢ÚneTATb; 6

Bakü naK EdleKeRbICaRbéBNIsRmab;ehAGñkRsukedImrbs;nKreKakFøk GacnwgRtÚv)andak;[edayBYkhiNÐÚ taMg EtBIeBlEdlBYkenHmkdl;dMbUgemø:H. enA\NÐa BaküenHCaeQµaHCnCatimYyRkúm EdlmanrhUtmkdl;sBVéf¶ KWBYkeK manTIlMenA²cenøaHExRtQIttahÁúg nigGasam. BYkenHmanpÞHsg;benþIt dUcCapÞHBYkExµrEdr. maneKniyayfa BYknaK enA\NÐaenH manGm,ÚrCaeCr:as b¤ siras EdlRbEhlKñanwgBakücar:ay nigsuWr:ay EdleKEtgB¤enAkm<úCa. car:ay Ca eQµaHEdlCnCatiPaKticKYydak;[Exµr rIÉBakü suWr:ay CaBaküEdlBYkesÞóg nigBYkm:yenAPaKxagekItkUsaMgsuIn eRbI sRmab;ehAExµr. dUecñH vaGacCakarRtwmRtÚv EdlfaBakünaKCaeQµaHEdlBYknirRbevsnþhiNÐÚdak;GñkRsukeKakFøk. 7 GñkxøHfaeQµaH edoblIeyI. 8 elak EBlIy:U )anrkeXIjÉksarEdlniyayfa RBahµN_enaHmkBI vUEvm b¤KI nigraCNacRkKav. CnenaH GaceFVI dMeNIrmkBI\NÐa edayeFVIdMeNIrkat;tamRcksigðburI k¾b:uEnþ´eCOfaRKan;EtdwgfamkBITisxagt,Úg KWRKb;RKan;ehIy.

18

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

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9

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Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

19

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10

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20

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

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edayehtuenH eKRtÚvbMePøcecalnUvkarEdlKitfah‘uneTon nigekaNÐBaسCamnusSEtmYy dUcEdl)anesñIeLIgeday esøEhSl bnÞab;mk edayEBlIy:U nighVúINUt_. GñkTaMg2rs;enAcenøaHBIKñaRbEhl4stvtSr_y:agtic. elak EBlIy:U dwgerOgenHc,as;Nas; eRBaHelak)anelIkBIGtßbTrbs;m:g;suIcan; Edlerobrab;GMBI esþcmYycMnYnEdlesayraCü cenøaHBIh‘uneTon enAstvtSr_TI1 dl;ekaNÐBaس EdleLIgesayraCüeRkayqñaM478 ehIymanTaMgniyayGMBIesþcERCk raCü EdlesayraCüBI 222 dl; 280pg. 13 GñkR)aCJExµrniyayfa edayehtuenHehIy)anCaeRkay²mk®sþI²)anecorRkNat;enaH ehIyedrbEnßméd k¾)an CaGavbMBg;Bak;rhUtmk. k¾b:uEnþkarelIkeLIg dUecñHminRtwmRtÚv eRBaHGavbMBg;enH eKeTIbEtBak;minTan;)an150qñaM pgeT.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

21

hVan; suIyun k¾)anhammin[Rbús²RsateTotEdreday[biT)aMgekrþ×xµasnwgRkNat;buwg EdlcinehAfa eknm:an ehIyBYkm:aeLehAfakM)an14. BYkGñkmaneKeRbIRkNat;):ak; rIÉGñkRkeRbIRkNat;paDib. ÉksarRbvtþisa®sþcindEdlniyayfa GñkRsukhVÚNn KRKic sm,úrexµA ehIymansk;Rk15 j:aj; . BYkenHcUlcitþkarcaru_ nigcmøak;. ]bkrN_rbs;eKCaeRcIneFVIGMBIR)ak; eKbg;Bn§Camas/ R)ak; b¤CaRKab;KC; nigTwkGb;. eKmanesovePA nigkEnøgsRmab;Tukdak;Éksar nigsmÖarepSg². eKman GkSr ehIyeKcUlcitþRbCl;man; nigRbCl;RCÚk. GñkRsukenHcUlcitþGnuvtþkars,fEs, nigkarsakl,gepSg² dUcCa[GñkCab;ecaTkan;EpøBUefA EdlduteLIgRkhm ehIyedIr[)an7CMhan b¤dak;cieBa©ónb¤Bgman;enAkñúgTwkBuH ehIy[ykédlUkcab; ykecjCaedIm. karGnuvtþn_EbbenH enAmaneKRbtibtþienAeLIy kñúgcMeNamCnCatiedIm. enAkm<úCa eBlmunenHbnþic k¾enAmanGnuvtþEbbenHEdr. ÉksarRbvtþisa®sþcinerobrab;eTotfaenAmanviBaØasamYyeTotEdleKGnuvtþcMeBaHEtm©as;nig ´beRmIb:ueNÑaHkñúgkrNIsgS½yfa´enaHlYcrbs; ³ KW[´enaHsuIRsUv.ebI´enaH)anlYcEmnRsUvnwgmut mat;ecjQam b:uEnþ ebImin)anlYceT KWGacTMBaRsUvelbcUleBaHedayRsYl.

14

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22

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

eBlenaHminTan;manKukdak;GñkeTaseT. Cn]RkidæRtÚve)aH[RkeBIsuI EdleKciBa©wmenAkñúg RbLayCuMvijTIRkúg b¤stVsahav EdleKciBa©wmdak;kúñgRTúgBiess. GñkRsukminCIkGNþÚgykTwkeT k¾b:uEnþeKmanRsHTwktamRkúmRKÜsar ehIyeRbIFugsRmab;dgTwk ykmkeRbI kalNaeKRtÚvkar. eKeKarBbUCaGaTieTBEdlrs;enAelIemX ehIysagrUbsMNaktMNagGMBIsMrwT§ EdlCYnkal man muxBIr nigédbYn CYnkaleTot manmuxbYn nigédR)aMbI. tamBitTaMgGs;enH KWCabdimatMNag[GaTieTBén RBhµBaØsasna EdlmandUecñHrhUtdl;sBVéf¶enA\NÐa nigmank,alminticCagédb:unµaneT. enAkm<úCa eK)anrkeXIjbdimaEbbenHCaeRcIn EdleKykmkTukenAsarmnÞIrsBVéf¶. RBHraCaCiHdMrI kalNaRtÚvyagecjBIvaMg. mehsI nigRsIsñMTaMgLay k¾dUecñaHEdr. kalNa RBHGgÁRTg;Kg;TeRmtRBHkaybnþic bBaÄrCgÁg;sþaM ÉCgÁg;eqVgTmøak;dl;dI16. enABImuxRBHP½®kþRBHGgÁ eKlatRkNat;s rYcdak;RBHraCsgðar PaCn_mas nigepIgduteQIRkGUb. karbUCaexµac nigGaBah_BiBah_rbs;GñkRsukhVÚNn RbRBwtþeTAdUcenAlInyI b¤cam:,aEdr. eK kan;Tukçedayekarsk; nigekarBukmat;. manviFIy:agsRmab;Tukdak;sB ³ e)aHsBcUlkñúgTwkTenø/ bUCa edayePøIg/ kb;/ nigTukecalkNþalval[stVsuI. enHKWCaGVIEdlCnkm<úCaehArhUtmkdl;sBVéf¶fa {karbMEbkFatuTaMgbYn}. cugeRkaybg¥s; Éksarcin)ankt;smÁal;fa GñkRsukhVÚNnelaPln;Nas;. eKmineKarBBiFI b¤ criyaFm’GVIeT. TMenomTmøab;Kµan ehIykumarIk¾dUckumara eFVIGVItamEtGMeBIcitþ. Éksark¾)anbBa¢ak;pgEdrfa nKrhVÚNn eBlenaHFMNas; latsn§wgBInKrcam:,aenAxagekIt rhUtdl;TVarvtI17 enAxaglic - RbeTsenHKWGyuFüab¤esomsBVéf¶ eBlenaHRbEhlCaRKb;RKgeday Rkúm]bnievsn_hiNÐÚmYyrYceTAehIy -niglatsn§wgrhUtdl;RBMRbTl;ExRteyNnanrbs;cin- KWExRt kVagb‘íj rbs;tugkwgsBVéf¶18.k¾b:uEnþ vahak;dUcCaBi)aknwgeCONas; EdlniyayfaesþcénnKrhVÚNn

16

´eCOfaenHKWCaGVIEdlExµrniyayfaGgÁúybt;eCIg kalNaeKGgÁúyelIkRmalRBM kenÞl b¤RkNat; edaybt;eCIgTaMg2 RsbKñamkEtmçag. 17 TVarvtI mkBIsM®sáwt FVarvtI CaeQµaHTIRkúgEdleRkayBI)anksagrYceTACaGyuFüa. 18 ExRtenHBImuneQµaHfa süg;KüÜn rYc KavtU munnwgmaneQµaHfa eyNan enH.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

23

EdlmanTItaMgenAtMbn;cUvduk b¤kñúgExRtéRBkb,as GacvatGMNaceTA)anq¶ayBIraCFanIEbbenH. 2- erOgeRBg erOgeRBgExµrcab;kMeNItGs;kalCayUrlg;Nas;mkehIy ehIy)ankøayeTACaRbéBNIrbs; CatiExµrpgEdr. erOgeRBgTaMgenaHmanRbCaRbiyPaBxøaMgNas; ehIy)anRtÚvRbCaCnExµreCOCak; nig cat;TukdUcCaRBH»gáarrbs;RBH EdlBYkeKkarBary:agxøaMg fVIebIenAmankarRbTaMgRbeTIsKñaxøHk¾eday. etIerOgeRBgTaMgGs;enaHRKan;EtCaerOgEdleKRbDiteLIgtamEtkarRsemIRsém KµanTak;Tin eTAnwgehtukarN_Rbvtþisa®sþGVIesaH b¤y:agNa? minEmneT. tamemIleTA erOgeRBgTaMgGs;enaH hak;dUcCamancMENkxøHCaerOgBittamRbvtþisa®sþ EdleKykmkRbDitbMepøIs pSMeFVI[manPaB Gcäriy³xøH eTaHCaerOgTaMgenaHcab;kMeNItecjBIkarniTant²Kña BImat;mYyeTAmat;mYy rYc)anRtÚveK RtgRtab;TukEtrcnabT b¤k¾CaRbvtþiBitBIburaNkal Edl)anrlubesÞIr)at;Gs;eTAehIykþI19. eTaHCay:agNakþI fVIebIeKmineXIjmancMNarenAelIsilacarwk b¤k¾minmanerobrab;enAkñúgkMNt; Rtarbs;RbvtþiviTUcink¾eday k¾eKminGacbdiesFminTTYlsÁal;erOgr:avEdleKniTanpÞal;mat;t²Kña nig erOgeRBgEdleK)ansresrkt;RtaTukmkfa BYkcammanvtþmanenAkm<úCamunBYk\NÐa. KWerOgTaMgGs; enaH ehIyEdlCMruj[RbCaCnExµrbc©úb,nñh‘ankMNt;enAeBlEdleKCYbsilacarwkmYyfa silacarwk enHCarbs;cam silacarwkenaHCarbs;Exµr. eKGacnwgTTYlsÁal;)andUcEdleK)aneXIjBIxagelIrYc mkehIyfa BYkcam)anmkdl;km<úCamunBYkkm<úC³ edayKµanb:HBal;GVIdl;Rbvtþisa®sþ EdlEp¥keTAelI kMNt;Rtarbs;BYkcin BIeRBaHfa kMNt;RtaTaMgenaH minEmnsuT§Eterobrab;R)ab;eyIgTaMgGs; GMBIGVIEdl cin)andwgBIRbCaCnEdleKelIkeLIgenaHeT. b:uEnþ´eCOfakarEdlcg;GHGagfaRbvtþisa®sþEdlTak;TgeTAnwgerOgeRBgBIr EdleyIg)andwg KW erOgCVaRBahµN_ nigerOgRBHefagnagnaK Edl´nwgerobrab;xageRkam KWCaerOgEdlekIteLIg bnþbnÞab; Kña enAkñúgkSRtRbeTsEtmYy KWRBHraCaNacRkExµr BIeRBaHfa enAeBlenaHmankSRtRbeTsCaeRcIn

19

´manCMenOfaRBHraCaEdleyIgsÁal;RBHnamCaPasasM®sáwttamsilacarwk k¾RTg;manRBHnamCaPasasamBaØ EdlRbCaCnniymehA dUcEdlmankñúgerOgeRBgG‘ÍcwgEdr k¾bu:EnþRBHnamenaHmin)anRtÚveKcarelIfµeT eRBaHCaRBHnam eRkApøÚvkar.

24

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

eToteRkABI hVÚNn. ´Kitfa erOgEdlekItmankñúgkSRtRbeTsnImYy² dl;eBlyUreRkaymk k¾)an køayeTARbvtþirYmrbs;RbeTsTaMgmUl. edayehtuenH RBwtþikarN_Rbvtþisa®sþEdlekItmaneLIg ehIy Edlkb;)at;eTAtameBlevla mincaM)ac;RtÚvEteqøIytbKña nigekItmanbnþbnÞab;Kña edIm,IbBa¢ak;fa Ca karBitenaHeT. rhUtmkdl;sBVéf¶enH mankarbBa¢ak;c,as;ehIyfa hVÚNn20 KWCaGaNacRkmYyEdlrYmpSMeLIg edaykSRtRbeTsCaeRcIn EdlmanRBHraCaénkSRtRbeTstUmUCaGFiraC ehIyebIminEmndUecñH taMgBI edImdMbUgmkeTenaH k¾cab;taMgBIeBlEdlRBH)aThVan;m:an; )aneFVIs®gÁamdeNþImTwkdImkEdr. ehIy´k¾dUcCamanCMenOeRcInfa KWBYkm:aeL EdlCabuBVbursrbs;BYkcamenAeBleRkaymk Edl CasßabnikénbNþakSRtRbeTsTaMgGs;enaH. raCaNacRkcam b¤cam:,a enH sßitenABIxagekIt ehIy )ankekIteLIg y:agticNas;k¾2stvtSr_munkm<úCaEdr BIeRBaHeK)anrkeXIjsilacarwksM®sáwt Edl manv½ycMNas;CageKenAkñúg\NÐÚcin enAcam:,aenHÉg. ebItamsilacarwkTaMgenaH RbeTscam:,a man GriyF’meCOnelOnCaghVÚNn enAstvtSr_TI4. GBM CI aV RBahN µ _ RbsinebIeKTTYlsÁal;fa karlukluyrbs;BYkm:aeL b¤CVa CakarlukluyBIxageRkA EdlekItman muneKmkelIkm<úCaenaH erOgr:avEdlniTanGMBIkarlukluyrbs;BYkCVaRBahµN_ KWCaerOgmYykñúgbNþa erOgTaMgenaH. erOgenHerobrab;GMBIkarlukluyrbs;esþch‘uneTon EdlyagmkBITisxagt,Úg dUcEdl )anelIkenAxagelI. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday BYkCVaRBahµN_ b¤RBahµN_ enAekaHCVaTaMgenaH eFVIdMeNIr ecjmkBIRbCuMekaHGaMgs‘ULaMg. BYkenaHRbEhlCabcäajatirbs;BYkRBahµN_RbmaNCa 2muWnRKÜsar Edl)aneFVInirRbevsn_ecjBIRbeTs\NÐaenAedImmhaskraC mktaMgTIlMenAelIekaHCVa ehIypSBV pSayRBhµBaØsasnadl;RbCaCnedImenATIenaH. erOgniTanerobrab;fa eRkABIRbCaCn b¤BYkBlTahan nigBYksMeBA BYkRBahµN_EdlCaemeKTaMgenaH mansk;Evg mansm,úrexµA ehIy)anGHGagfa BYkeK mkBInKrBaraNsI. erOgniTank¾)anerobrab;pgEdrfa nKrEdlBYkCVaRBahµN_TaMgenaH)anbegáIteLIg KWnKreKakFøk KWRsukExµrenHÉg nigfa manRBHmhakSRtcam6RBHGgÁesayraCübnþbnÞab;Kña RBHmha 20

hVÚNn kñúgTIenH sMedAykEtEpñkxageRkam EdlrYmmanRbeTskm<úCabc©úb,nñ nigkUsaMgsuIn Etb:eNÑaH.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

25

kSRtTaMgenaHCabcäajatirbs;RBHnaglIvyI nigRBH)aTh‘uneTon EdlCaCVa. esþcC½yvrµ½n esayraCü50qñaM. tamerOgniTan RBHGgÁeKarBbUCaRBHvisÑú ehIyRTg;esayTi vgÁteTA kñúgRBHCnµayu70qñaM. raCbuRtrbs;RBH)aTC½yvrµ½nRBHnam kvl³raCkumar )anesayraCübnþBIRBHbita ehIyeKarB bUCafµsV½ymÖú21 Edlmann½yfa ekItmaneLIgedayÉg². RBHraCaGgÁenH esayraCü)an20qñaM. RBHraCacamTI3 RTg;RBHnamfa suriyavrµ½n RTg;RKgraCü)an20qñaMEdr nigeKarBbUCafµsV½ymÖú dUcKña. RBHraCaTI4 RTg;RBHnamfa Frni®nÞ³vrµ½n. RTg;esayraCü)an20qñaM. RBHraCaTI5 KWRBH)aTGaTitüvrµ½n esayraCü)an20qñaM. RBHraCacamTI6 nigcugeRkayeK KWRBH)aTGsC¢½y EdlesayraCü)anEt11qñaMb:ueNÑaH. erOgRBHefag tamemIleTA erOgrbs;BYkhiNÐÚ sþIGMBIRBHefag k¾dUcCaerOgCVaRBahµN_Edr KWminEmnCakarRbDit suT§saFenaHeT. ebIkuMKitGMBIPaBGs©arüEdleKbEnßm[ erOgenHhak;dUcCarMlwknUvehtukarN_Rbvtþi sa®sþmYy enaHKWkarQøanBanrbs;BYkhiNÐÚ Edl)anmkvayykC½yCmñH rYcbeNþjBYkcamecjBI nKreKakFøk. dMeNIrerOgRtÜs²mandUcteTA ³ manesþcmYyRBHGgÁesayraCüenAnKr\®nÞRbeTs22 man RBHraCbuRta5RBHGgÁ. RBHGgÁ)anEbgEckExRtx½NÐ4cMENk[RBHraCbuRtac,gTaMgbYnRKb;RKg É RBHraCbuRtaeBAenACamYynwgRBHGgÁ. dl;eBlRBHraCbuRtaeBAenHceRmInv½yFMeLIg RBHraCak¾dak; raCüfVayRBHraCbuRtaeBAenH [esayraCübnþBIRBHGgÁ. eFVIy:agenH)anesckþIfa RBHGnuCeBAenH CaGFiraCelIRBHeromTaMg4RBHGgÁ. RBHerom3RBHGgÁyl;RBmTTYlyksßanPaBEbbenH b:uEnþ RBHeromTI4RBHnamfa RBHefag minyl;RBmeT ehIyRTg;minRBmyagmkkan;\®nÞRbeTscUlrYmkñúgBiFI

21

tamFmµtaKWRBHRBhµ k¾b:uEnþCYnkalk¾GacCaRBHsiv³b¤RBHvisÑúpgEdr. ´KitfaRbEhlCaRBHsiv³ CaBiessKW siv³ligÁ ehtuenHehIy)anCamanBaküfa fµ. 22 KWCaraCaNacRkmYyenARbeTs\NÐaxageCIg RbEhlCa 29KILÚEm:Rt xagt,ÚgTIRkúgEdløI.

26

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

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Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

27

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28

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

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GñkxøHniyayfa ekaNÐBaس nigC½yvrµ½n CaesþcBIrRBHGgÁepSgKña. tamBit RBHnamTaMg2 CaRBHnamrbs;RBHGgÁ Etmñak;.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

29

dEgðraCTUt skünaKesn eBlRtlb;mkBIRbeTscinvijelIkTI1 bøn;ykRTBüsm,tþiTaMgGs;Edlesþc cin epJIfVayesþcnKrhVÚNn. RBH)aTekaNÐBaس )anbBa¢ÚnraCTUteTAraykarN_fVayesþcRsukcin eday TUlfa RTBüsm,tþiTaMgLayCaRTBürbs;esþcRsukcin nigTUlfa kñúgnam´CaesþccamenHRBegIykenþIy min)anbBa©ÚnsYysarGakrfVayRBHecAGFiraCcineT. RBHraCsaresþchVÚNnEcgfa {ebIRBHGgÁCa m©as; RTg;cg;cat;taMgRBHraCafµI[esayraCüenAnKrcam:,aenaH TUlRBHbgÁ¿Ca´TTYlRBHraCbBa¢aeday eKarB}. raCsar)anbBa©b; edayesñIsuM[mankarcat;bBa¢ÚnT½BmYykg tamEhhmesþchVÚNnRKb;TisTI edIm,Idak;eTasBYkk,t; nigCYyse®gÁaHGñksøÚtRtg;. tamemIleTA esþccinRbEhlCa)anbBa¢ÚnT½BtamkaresñIsuMEmn ehIyenAeBlEdlnKrcam:,a )anRtÚvb®gáabeFVI[mansnþiPaBrYcmk RBH)aTekaNÐBaØC½yvrµ½nk¾RtÚv)anesþcRsukcindak;RBHzan³ [Ca{]tþmesnIy_énTkSiNsnþiPaB CaRBHraCanKrhVÚNn}. RBHraCaGgÁenH )anesayTivgÁtenAqñaM514énRKisþskraC RtÚvnwgqñaM436énmhaskraC. 4- ruRTvrµ½n RBHraCbuRtac,grbs;RBH)aTekaNÐBaØC½yvrµ½n RBHnam ruRTvrµ½n -BYkcinehAfa lavtU):am:UCaRBHraCbuRtCamYynwgRsIsñMmñak; )aneFVIKutRBHGnuCEdlCaRBHraCbuRtrbs;RBH)aTekaNÐBaØC½yvrµ½n CamYyRBHraCGKÁmehsI rYcehIydeNþImykraCüsm,tþi24. ÉksarcinnaeBlenaH Elgerobrab;GMBIRBHraCaEdlesayraCübnþBIRBH)aTekaNÐBaØC½yvrµ½n eTotehIy. ebImanniyayBInKrhVÚNn KWmanerobrab;EtGMBITMenomTmøab; nigkarRbkbkic©karepSg² dUcEdl´)anerobrab;BIxagelIrYcmkehIy. KµanniyayGVIEdlTak;Tgdl;RBwtþikarN_Rbvtþisa®sþ b¤erOgr:avGVIsMxan;eT.

24

enAkñúg\NÐÚcin nigkm<úCaBImun kSRtamYyGgÁGacnwgRtÚveRCIserIs[eLIgesayraCü)an luHRtaNaEtRTg;CaraCbuRt RbsURtBIm©as;kSRtIEdlCab;ExSRsLayCamYyRBHraCa )anesckþIfakareLIgsñgraCüRbRBwtþeTAtamExSRsLayxag RsI. ebIeTaHCaRBHkSRtaenaHCakSRtac,gk¾eday EtebIRTg;CabuRtrbs;RsIsñM minGaceLIgesayraCü)aneT elIkElg EtERCkraCü b¤RtÚveRCIserIspÞúynwgRkwtüRkm.

30

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

rhUtTal;Etdl;RKisþstvtSr_TI6 eTIbÉksarRbvtþisa®sþcinmanerobrab;GMBIsßanPaBneya)ayeLIgvij. enHKWmkBImanRBwtþikarN_F¶n;F¶rmYy )anekIteLIgenAhVÚNn EdleFVI[b:HBal;dl; BaNiC¢kmµrbs;BYkcin.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

31 CMBUkTI2 vyFbur³ nigsmÖúbur³

dUcEdl´)anniyayBIxagedImrYcmkehIy tamemIleTABYkcineRbIBakühVÚNnsRmab;ehATwkdI TaMgmUl Edllatsn§wgBIsmuRTxagt,Úg nigBaménTenøemKgÁ rhUteTAdl;l,ak;exanenAxageCIg nigcab;BI CYrPñMGaNÑamenAxagekIt EdlrYmmanTaMgTwkdIb‘íjFn;sBVéf¶pg rhUteTAdl;QUgsmuRTesom nigCYrPñM etNas;esrIm enAxaglic ehIyGacrab;bBa©ÚlTaMgEdndIcMNuHhiNÐÚ manenA etNas;esrIm smuRT EmrhÁúy tav:y nigm:ata pgEdr. TwkdId¾FMeFgenHCaGaNacRkmYy RKb;RKgedayBYkhiNÐÚ eBalKW manRbCara®sþCaGñkRsukedIm EdlkMBugEtTTYlykTMenomTmøab;RbéBNIBYkbreTs EdlmkQøanBan. mü:ageTot GaNacRkd¾FMenH enAminTan;)anbRgÜbbRgÜmedayRBHraCahVÚNn mYyGgÁNamYyenAeLIyEdr. mankSRtRbeTsCa eRcIn EdlkSRtmYyGgÁ² yl;RBmeFVICacMNuHnKrhVÚNn k¾edaysarRbeTsenHmanGMNacxøaMgkøaCag eRBaHRKb;RKgmat;BamTenøemKgÁ. k¾b:uEnþ kSRtRbeTsnImYy²ÉkraCdac;²BIKña minmancMNuHKñaeT KWsßitenAeRkamkarRtÜtRtarbs;mhakSRtrbs;xøÜn EdlcMNuH[RBHraCahVÚNn. mü:ageTot vahak;dUcCabNþakSRtRbeTsTaMgGs;enaH manesþcesayraCü b¤k¾emekayCakSRt EdlmanQamC½rCahiNÐÚ ecjBIRtkUlEtmYy ebIehacNas; k¾cMeBaHbNþaRbeTsEdlenACab;nwgmat; smuRTxagt,ÚgEdr. kSRtTaMgGs;enaHmanRBHzan³Ca {vrµ½n} mann½yfa {GñkkarBar}1. BYkeKeRcIn 1

Baküfa vrµ½n enH Cazan³sRmab;P¢ab;BIxagcugeQµaH BYkkSRtiy³ dUcCaBakü s’m½n sRmab;P¢ab;eTAnwgeQµaH BYkRBahµN³ Bakü Kubþ³ sRmab;P¢ab;BIxagcugeQµaH BYkevsü³ nigBakü Tas³ sRmab;P¢ab;BIxagcugeQµaHrbs; BYksURT³ G‘ÍcwgEdr. vrµ½n dUcCa RBhµ½n nigs’m½nEdr KWpSMeLIgBIBakü vr³ mann½yfa RKbdNþb; lak;. rIÉBakü m½n CaBakü\NÐÚGWr:ub RtÚvnwgBaküLataMgfa men dUcBaküfa ag-men, car-men, no-men KWCanamnbuMskligÁ kRmCanambuMligÁNas; nigCakarNnam dUcCaBakü kar-man mann½yfaskmµPaB Bakü pre-man mann½yfa esñha. BaküenHk¾GacsMedAykvtßúEdleKeRbIsRmab; eFVIskmµPaBGVImYypgEdr dUcBaküfa tokh-man mann½yfaRKab;BUC. BaküsM®sáwt vrµ½n Gacmann½yfa eRbIsRmab;karBar dUcCaGavuFkarBar Exl eRbób)aneTAnwgBakü Kubti ERbfa karBar ehIy)ankøayeTACasMNg;karBar. n½yedImrbs; BaküenH)anERbRbÜleTAtamBakükøaynImYy² dUcCa nm½n LataMgfa no-men ERbfanam Bakü EBkS as-men ERbfa emX. Bakü nbMuskligÁ enH RtÚvKñanwgBaküCakarknam dUcCa RBhµ½n/ vrµ½n mann½yfa GñkEdlkarBar. RBhµ½n nigkSRtiy³

32

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

eKarBbUCaRBHsiv³ b¤RBHvisÑú k¾b:uEnþ RbCaCn)ankan;RBHBuT§sasnarYceTAehIy2. tamemIleTA bNþakSRtRbeTsTaMgGs;enaH RbEhlCamanc,aMgKñaeTAvijeTAmkCajwkjab; dUcenARbeTs)araMgkalBIsm½yyuKkNþalG‘ÍcwgEdr EdlesþcRtaj;c,aMgKñaeTAvijeTAmk EtRBHecA GFiraC minmaneFVIGnþraKmn_GVIeT drabNaesþcRtaj;nImYy²enaHmin)aneKcevHecjBIkarRKb;RKg rbs;RBHGgÁ b¤k¾min)anlHbg;katBVkic©CasmÖar³ b¤CasµartI EdlmanplRbeyaCn_dl;RBHGgÁeT. mankSRtRbeTsBIrEdlRbkYtRbECgKñaCaBiess ³ mYyKWrdæEdlmanraCFanIenAvyFbur³ KWenARtg; GgÁrburI ¬nKrraCburI¦ enAkñúgExRtéRBkb,assBVéf¶ EdlmansMNl;R)asaTenAeLIy. kSRtRbeTs mYyeTotmanraCFanIenAsmÖúbur³ ¬mann½yfaraCFanIrbs;smÖú - KWRBHsiv³¦ EdlmantwktagR)asaT esssl;enAsm,ÚrsBVéf¶ CaTIrYmRsukmYyenAkñúgExRtRkecH. 1- RsRI sTu vÞ rn½µ enAstvtSr_TI5énskraC RBHraCaénnKrvyFbur³ ¬mann½yfanKrGñkRbmaj;¦ RBHnamRBH)aT RsIRsuTÞvrµ½n ¬mann½yfa GñkkarBarBBYkevT¦ )anc,aMgbRgÜbbRgÜm ehIyesayraCüelIkSRtRbeTs TaMgBIr. 2- RseI Rssvæ rn½µ RBHraCaEdlesayraCübnþBIRBH)aTRsIRsuTÞvrµ½n manRBHnamfa RBH)aTRsIeRssævrµ½n ¬mann½y fa GñkkarBard¾RbesIr¦. ÉksarRbvtþisa®sþcinenAcugstvtSr_TI6 )anniyayGMBIraCaNacRkfµI EdlekIteLIgBIkar bRgÜbbRgÜmkSRtRbeTsTaMgBIr edaydak;eQµaHfa ecnLa. Éksar)anelIkeLIgfa raCaNacRkenH BImunCacMNuHrbs;nKrhVÚNn ehIyRBHraCarbs;raCaNacRkenHRTg;manRBHzan³CaRBHGFiraC eTaHbI

KWCaCRmk ¬s’m½n¦ nigCaGñkkarBar ¬vrµ½n¦ rbs;BYkevsü³ Edlmanzan³ Kubþ³ mann½yfaGñkEdleKkarBar. 2 ekaHsirIlgáadUcCadUrkan;RBHBuT§sasnaenArvagqñaM430 ehIy CVa nigcam:,a k¾RbEhlCa)anTTYl\T§iBlnaeBlenaH Edr.rIÉRbeTscinvij )anTTYlRBHBuT§sasna3stvtSr_rYcmkehIy ehIystvtSr_TI4 TI5 nigTI6 Casm½yEdlmha raCcinbBa¢ÚnraCTUteTARbeTs\NÐacmøgKm
Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

33

RBHGgÁcMNuH nigelIksYysarGakr[nKrhVÚNn k¾eday. RBHGgÁ)anvaydeNþImyksmÖúbur³ dak; bBa©ÚlmkkñúgvyFbur³rbs;RBHGgÁ ehIyRbEhlCa)anvayykkSRtRbeTseRcIneTotpgEdr KWeday ehtuenaH eTIbRBHGgÁRTg;Rbkan;ykRBHzan³CaRBHGFiraC eRBaHRBHGgÁ nigbuBVbursrbs;RBHGgÁ )aneFVI[kSRtÉeTot²cUlmkCacMNuH. 3- RsvI rI vrn½µ RBHraCaEdlesayraCübnþBIRBH)aTRsIeRssævrµ½n GacCaRBH)aTRsIvIrvrµ½n3 EdltamemIleTA KWCaRBHraCacugeRkayrbs;vyFbur³ EdlelIksYysarGakrfVayRBH)aTruRTvrµ½n ¬mann½yfa Gñk karBarruRT¦ énnKrhVÚNn CabcäajatiRBahµN_ekaNÐBaس.

3

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Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

35 CMBUkTI3 GMBIkm<úCa b¤ RsukExµr

4- RsPI vvrn½µ RBHraCbuRt nigCaGñksñgraCübnþBIRBH)aTRsIvIrvrµ½n KWRBH)aTRsIPvvrµ½n ¬mann½yfa GñkkarBar Pv³¦. RBHraCaGgÁenHkøahanelIsBIRBHbitarbs;RBHGgÁeTAeTot. eqøót»kasEdlRBH)aTruRTvrµ½n esayTivgÁteTAenArvagedImstvtSr_TI7 RBHGgÁ)ancab;eFVIkarvayRbhareTAelInKrhVÚNn kan;kab; raCFanI rYc {deNþImGMNacRbkbedayvIrPaB}. bnÞab;mk GaRs½yedayPaBGg;Gacrbs;Blerh_ rbs;RBHGgÁ RTg;)anRbmUlykbNþardæTaMgLayEdlFøab;cMNuHnKrhVÚNnBImun EdlRbEhlCa kMBugEterIbRmHxøÜnrkÉkraCüCamYynwgRBwtþikarN_EdlekIteLIgfµI² dak;mkeRkamGaNaBüa)alrbs; RBHGgÁvij. sIlacarwk)anBiBN’naBIRBHraCaGgÁenHfa {CaGñkcm,aMgd¾Gg;Gackøahan/ CavIrbursmancitþ sb,úrs minecHcaj; viesseRbób)aneTAnwgPñMRBHsuemru_/ Cab;Gm,ÚrRBHGaTitü/ Gacvayb®gáabTaMg sRtÚvxagkñúg1 nigxageRkA)an/CaRTmak;dMrId¾BUEk/CaGñkdak;TanEdlmanRBHhsþesImCanic© - GaRs½y edayTwkEdleKcak;elIRBHhsþ ral;eBlEdlRTg;dak;Tan2. silacarwk)anbEnßmeTotfa TIkEnøgNa EdlRBHGgÁRTg;)aneRbIRBHkayBldeNþImyk)an ehIyTIenaHnwgRtÚv)anTTYlnUvkarsenþasRbNI BIRBHGgÁ ehIybNþasRtÚvTaMgLay naMKñamkfVaybgÁ¿Kal;RBHGgÁenAkñúgRBHraCvaMg eTaHCaGñkTaMgenaH min)anRtÚvRBHGgÁvayb®gáab[cuHcaj;kñúgs®gÁamk¾eday3. RBH)aTPvvrµ½nRbEhlCa)anvatRBHnKrrhUtTl;PñMdgErk ehIy)anvayb®gáab {bNþaesþcPñM} eBalKW bNþaviRbCaminTan;suIvil½y Edlrs;enAtamdgPñM nigx
1 2 3

KWBYkbHe)ar minEmntNða dUcEdlGñkxøHbkERb enaHeT. tamsilacarwkPñMhan;C½y. silacarwkGgÁCMnIk.

36

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

rbs;BYkm:y b¤mø:y b¤r:m:ysBVéf¶ Edlrs;enAelICRmalCYrPñMGaNÑam enAcenøaHnKr cam:,a nigkm<úCa. mansilacarwkmYy caru_kñúgrC¢kalrbs;RBHraCaGgÁenH CasilacarwkEdlmanv½ycMNas;CageK enAkm<úCa ehIyEdleKrkeXIjenAkñúgExRt)at;dMbg Etq¶ayBIraCFanI KWenArhUtdl;ExRt éRBkb,as )anbBa¢ak;BIehtukarN_xagelIenH. RBH)aTPvvrµ½n RTg;RbEhlCa)anelIkT½BeFVIs®gÁamq¶ay eTATis xageCIg edIm,IvayykbNþaRbeTsenAxagt,ÚgPñMdgErk nigRbmUlykhVÚNnxagt,Úg TaMgmUl dak;enA eRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;RBHGgÁ. enAeBlenaH vahak;dUcCafabNþaRbeTsEdleyIg ehAsBVéf¶faCa esom EdlcinehAfa eQTU )aneqøótyk»kasenaH kñúgeBlEdlRBH)aTPvvrµ½n CaRBHraCaén vyF bur³ eFVIs®gÁamdeNþImykhVÚNn edIm,IerIbRmHecjBIGaNaBüa)alrbs;esþctUmU ehIyRbkasÉk raCü. ÉksarRbvtþisa®sþcin)an[eyIgdwgfa raCaNacRkeQTU EdldMbUgeLIy CardæÉkraC bnÞab;mk )anRtÚvhVan;m:an; b®gáabdak;[cMNuHnKrhVÚNn naeBlenaHTTYl)annUvesrIPaB eLIgvij. edayehtuenH manraCaNacRkFM²BIrekIteLIgenAedImstvtSr_TI6 CaCMnYsnKrhVÚNn4 KW ecnLa EdleRkaymkkøayCakm<úCa nigeQTU EdleRkaymk KWRbeTsesom. enAeBlEdlesþcRsI Pvvrµ½n RTg;esayTivgÁteTA eK)anRbemIlfa RBHGgÁRTg;)aneTAcab; kMeNItÉsßansYK’rbs;RBHsiv³ eRBaHRBHGgÁRTg;Rbkan;ykRBHnamfa CaPv³ EdlCaRBHnammYyrbs; RBHsiv³ ehIyeK)anfVayRBHnamfa CaPv³bT. Km
KWenAsm½yenaHehIy EdlÉksarRbvtþisa®sþcinQb;ehARbeTsEdlBYkeKEtgdak;eQµaH[fa {RBHraCaNacRk énmnusSRsat} faCa hVÚNn eTotehIy²EbrmkehAfab:UNnvij. elak EBlIy:U kñúgesovePArbs;Kat;eQµaHhVÚNn Rtg;TMB½rTI284 )anniyayfa ´Kitfa {RBHraCaNacRkénmnusSRsat}enH minEmnCa eQµaHrbs;RsukeT KWRKan;Et CakarehAedayBYkcinEdlPJak;ep¥IlnwgeXIjGñkRsukKµansemøókbMBak;b:ueNÑaH. mü:ageTot cink¾manehARsukeRcIneTot dUecñHEdr. eTaHCay:agNakþI eQµaHEdlcindak;[km<úCanaeBlenaH minEmnCaeQµaHEdlGñkRsukdak;xøÜnÉgeT TaMg eQµaHecnLaTaMgeQµaH hVÚNn KWGñkRsukmin)ansÁal;dUcKña. minmanÉksarbBa¢ak;fa eQµaHTaMgGs;enH)anRtÚveK cgcaMenAkñúgRbéBNIrbs;RbeTseT ehIyeQµaHenaHesateTotk¾KµanRbhak;RbEhlGVIsUm,IEtbnþic eTAnwgBaküExµr b¤hiNÐÚ b¤m:aeL Edr.

Rbvtþisa®sþRbeTskm<úCa

37

nigsukamar³. elakvresnIy_Ék ehSrInI )anpÁÚpÁgRsukTI1eTAnwgecnLaTwk KWEdndIsNþTenøemKgÁ/ rIÉ RsukTI2 nigTI3k¾CaRsukenAPaKxagt,Úgkm<úCaEdr. Km>> -610¦ RBHraCbuRtrbs;RBH)aTPvvrµ½n min)anesayraCüeT b:uEnþ KWRBHraCbuRteBArbs;RBH)aTvIrvrµ½n RBHnamfa ciRtesna {EdlRTg;RbkbeTAedayektnPNÐCaRBHkruNaCam©as;}5 EdleLIgRKgraCü sm,tþieRkamRBHnamfaRsImeh®nÞvrµ½n ¬RBH\®nÞCaGñkkarBar¦ ehIyRbEhlcab;taMgBIeBlenaHmk enAkm<úCak¾dUcCaenAcam:,a nigm:aLayU TMenomTmøab;cg;[RBHGnuCeLIgesayraCübnþBIRBHerom edIm,I[ manRBHraCaCabursrhUtteTA. RBH)aTmeh®nÞvrµ½nRTg;)anbnþneya)ayrbs;RBHerom ehIy)anbBa©b;karvayb®gáabbNþa ExRt EdlRBH)aTPvvrµ½nminTan;)andeNþImdak;CacMNuH. RTg;manm®nþI2nak;beRmIRBHGgÁ KWFmµeTv³ nigswmðeTv³ EdlCabgb¥ÚnCIdUnmYynwgKña eRBaHCakUn 5

)af/ silacarwksM®sáwtenAPULÚxan;/ cuHpSaykñúgRBwtþb½Rtsala)araMgcugbUB’a Exkkáda-kBaØa. ÉksarRbvtþisa®sþ cinBIqñaM589 dl; 618 fVayRBHnamfa CakSRtiy³ -qalI- EdltamBitKWCavNѳrbs;RBHGgÁ ehIy)anniyayeTot fa RBHnampÞal;RBHGgÁKWeqtUsWNa KWRtesn k¾b:uEnþmin)anR)ab;RBHGPiesknameT. Éksar)anniyayeTotfa RBHGgÁ mansBa¢atiCaKULúg. BaküKULúgenH Pasam:aeLfaKYnlYn KWsMedAykBYkm:aeLenHÉg. Et´ÉkPaBtamelak éGm:UnIej fa BaküKULúgenHCakarGanminc,as;nUvBaküExµr-m:aeLfa Rkúg mann½yfardæ/ TIRkúg/ raCFanI Etk¾mann½yfaesþc pg Edr. ebIdUecñH sBa¢atiKULúg mann½yfa sBa¢atiCaesþc.

38

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2

P.Gaubil, Notice historique sur la Cochinchine, p. 57 du 31e vol, de Lettres édifiantes.

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346

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29

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