Histology Of The Endocrine Organs 2

The histology of the parathyroid glands Position: on the dorsal surface of the thyroid gland Developmental origin: the endoderm of the 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches Cell types: Chief cells Oxyphil cells Hormone synthetised: parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Slide 69, parathyroid gland, H&E, 10x oxyphil cells

chief cells

capillaries

Slide 69, parathyroid gland, H&E, 40x

chief cells

adipocytes

oxyphil cells

To identify the chief and oxyphil cells

The histology of the adrenal (suprarenal) gland Regions z. glomerulosa

Arrangement of cells nests

cortex z. fasciculata straight cords z. reticularis

medulla

DevelopHormones mental origin secreted

mesoderm

irregular cords cords or clumps

ectoderm (neural crest)

Regulating hormones

mineralocorticoids

reninangiotensin system

glucocorticoids

ACTH

sexual steroids

ACTH

adrenalin / sympathetic noradrenalin tone

Slide 70, adrenal gland, H&E, 4x

cortex

medulla

capsule

Slide 70, adrenal gland - cortex, H&E, 10x z. reticularis

z. fasciculata

z. glomerulosa capsule

Slide 70, zona glomerulosa, H&E, 40x

endocrine cells

Slide 70, zona fasciculata, H&E, 40x

endocrine cells

sinuses

Slide 70, zona reticularis, H&E, 40x

sinuses

endocrine cells

Adrenal gland medulla: modified postganglionic neurons

Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla ~ Postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Slide 70, adrenal gland - medulla, H&E, 40x

sinuses

arteriole

chromaffin cells

Adrenal gland medulla: blood supply and function Cortical sinuses: steroid hormone content adrenergic cells Direct arterioles to the medulla: nutritive vessels noradrenergic cells

To identify the parts of the adrenal gland and the listed structures: Cortex: zona glomerulosa zona fasciculata zona reticularis Medulla: chromaffin cells, sinuses

The cell types of the islets of Langerhans (colocalization: Zenker-formol fixation, Mallory-Azan staining) Cell type Location

Proportion (%) Hormone secreted

A

B

peripheral central

15-20 glucagon

70

D

D1

scattered

F

EC

outside the islets, in the wall of exocrine glands

5-10

insulin somatostatin

VIP

PP

secretin, motilin, substanceP

Slide 50, pancreas, H&E, 10x exocrine pancreas islets of Langerhans

lobulus septum

Slide 50, pancreas, H&E, 40x

islet of Langerhans

capillary

To identify the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

The histology of the corpus luteum

Development: Graafian follicle Corpus haemorrhagicum Corpus luteum Corpus luteum menstruationis Corpus luteum graviditatis

Corpus albicans

Cell types: Granulosa-lutein cells Theca-lutein cells

ovulation

Slides 71, corpus luteum, H&E, 4x ovarian cortex

corpus luteum

follicles

Slide 71, corpus luteum, H&E, 10x

theca-lutein cells

granulosalutein cells

Slide 71, corpus luteum, H&E, 40x

theca-lutein cells

granulosalutein cells

To identfy the corpus luteum and its cell types: Granulosa-lutein cells Theca-lutein cells