Himalaya Sunscreen Lotion

ABSTRACT Sunburn is a popular term applied to the marked erythema and pain that commonly follows injudicious sun exposure. Sunburn is a delayed ultraviolet Binduced erythema caused by an increase in blood flow to the affected skin that begins about 4 hours and peaks between 8-24 hours following exposure. The underlying cause of this vascular reaction is direct and indirect damage to specific cellular targets from photochemical reactions and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Damage to DNA, and the activation of several inflammatory pathways, particularly involving prostaglandins are thought to trigger this reaction, ultimately leading to vasodialation and edema. Biologic response modifiers released by both keratinocytes and lymphocytes also play a role. The development of erythema therefore implies that enough UV damage has occurred and that inflammatory pathways have been activated. Erythema is probably best thought of as a total failure of sun protection, and is a marker for severe UV damage.

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This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sun Screen Lotion in providing protection against sunburns and in prevention of skin tanning effect. Seven volunteers were selected from the list of volunteers and all the 7 volunteers were included in the study. All volunteers were subjected to 40 minutes sun exposure following application of study lotions. Each volunteer applied 100 ml of study lotion to their forearm with the use of the rubber sheet as regulator. For universal spread of lotion, 5 standardized circular hand movements were used. All the volunteers were examined at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. The study was conducted on two consecutive days by exposing the skin for 1 hour between 11.45 a.m. to 12.45 p.m. On both days, Sun Screen Screen was comparable to control lotion in terms of redness, tanning, sunburn and skin lightening effects after 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Skin lightening effect persisted longer (3 hours) with study lotion and both the lotions were comparable in terms of prevention of tanning and skin lightening effect during the sun exposure time. No adverse effects (inflammatory and allergic reactions) were reported or observed during the study. From the study results it can be concluded that, Sun Screen Lotion is effective in providing protection against sunburns and in prevention of skin tanning effect and is safe for long-term usage.

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INDEX

CHAPTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter – I:

Introduction

Chapter - II:

Research Methodology Objectives of study. Population. Sample. Questionnaire Tools & Technique of Data Analysis.

Chapter – III:

Chapter–IV:

Analysis & Interpretation of Data.

Finding

. Chapter – V:

Suggestions.

QUESTIONNAIRE

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Chapter – I INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION Skin is made up of very specific cells and tissues and in the subcutaneous layer of skin the blood vessels branch infinitely into the dermis to supply the sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands and erector muscles with blood. Dermis contains capillaries, which take care of the nutritional needs of the cells in the dermis, and they also help the skin perform an important cooling function. The epidermis has no direct blood supply, instead is supported and fed by the dermis. Dermis contains several different types of nerve endings: heat-sensitive, coldsensitive,

pressure-sensitive,

itch-sensitive

and

pain-sensitive.

Epidermis

contains one inner layer is called the malpighian layer, which creates the dead cells and is in direct contact with the dermis, which feeds and supports it and is the malpighian layer which gets affected during sun tanning. The malpighian layer has a basal layer, a spinous layer, a granular layer, and an outer stratum corneum. The cells in stratum corneum are filled with a protein called keratin. Keratin is a very interesting protein because it is tough - horns, hair, hoofs, fingernails and feathers all gain their strength from keratin. In the basal cells in the malpighian layer is another type of cell called a melanocyte, which produces melanin, which is a pigment that is the source of tanning. The appearance of the skin is partly due to the reddish pigment in the blood of the superficial vessels and it is determined by melanin, a pigment manufactured by the dendritic cells called melanocytes, found among the basal cells of the epidermis. Their numbers in any one region of the body, which ranges from about 1,000 to more than 2,000 per square millimeter are roughly the same within and between races; the blondest whites have as many as the darkest blacks. Color differences are due solely to the amount of melanin produced and the nature of the pigment granules. When the skin becomes tanned on exposure to sunlight, the melanocytes do not increase in number, they only became more active. Not only do melanocytes produce a tan, they are also responsible for the form of cancer called melanoma. Melanoma is caused by UV radiation damage to melanocytes. Repeated exposure to UV can cause cancerous mutations. 5|Page

Sunlight has three forms: infrared (heat/invisible), visible light and ultraviolet. Ultraviolet light is classified into three categories: UVA (315 to 400 nm), also known as black light, which causes tanning, UVB (280 to 315 nm), which causes damage in the form of sunburn and UVC (100 to 280 nm), which is filtered out by the atmosphere and never reaches us. Ninety nine percent of the sun's UV radiation at sea level is UVA. It is the UVB that causes most of the problems related to sun exposure: like aging, wrinkles and cancer. Ultraviolet radiation is reflected by different surfaces and these reflections can amplify the effects of UV exposure. For example, snow reflects 90% of UV light and sand can reflect up to 20% of UVB. On the other hand, certain things absorb almost all UV radiation partially or completely, e.g. glass. Most sunscreens use chemicals that have the same UV-absorbing properties. Ultraviolet light stimulates melanin production and melanin has the effect of absorbing the UV radiation in sunlight, so it protects the cells from UV damage and melanin production takes about over 5 to 7 days. Melanocytes produce 2 different pigments: eumelanin (brown) and phaeomelanin (yellow and red). In albinos, the chemical pathway that produces melanin cannot proceed because an enzyme called tyrosinase is missing and therefore albinos have no melanin in their skin, hair or irises. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. In humans, light affects the pituitary gland as well and one result is the production of MSH. A funny side effect of all this is that wearing sunglasses may make you more susceptible to sunburn! Sunburn is a popular term applied to the marked erythema and pain that commonly follows injudicious sun exposure. Sunburn is a delayed ultraviolet Binduced erythema caused by an increase in blood flow to the affected skin that begins about 4 hours and peaks between 8-24 hours following exposure. The underlying cause of this vascular reaction is direct and indirect damage to specific cellular targets from photochemical reactions and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Damage to DNA, and the activation of several inflammatory pathways, particularly involving prostaglandins are thought to trigger this reaction, ultimately leading to vasodialation and edema. Biologic 6|Page

response modifiers released by both keratinocytes and lymphocytes also play a role. The development of erythema therefore implies that enough UV damage has occurred and that inflammatory pathways have been activated. Erythema is probably best thought of as a total failure of sun protection, and is a marker for severe UV damage. Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship between erythema and DNA damage and there is enough correlation between pyrimidine dimer yield and susceptibility to erythema with sun exposure. Wavelengths that are the most efficient at producing erythema are also the most efficient at producing pyrimidine dimers. From a scientific point of view, sunburn can be viewed as a marker for a substantial ultraviolet over-exposure that has clinical implications for skin cancer risk. It is now appreciated that there is a linkage between a history of repeated, severe sunburn and increased risk for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Ultraviolet light converts 7-dehydrocholesterol flowing in bloodstream into Vitamin D and sunscreens block or absorb UV light. Sun protection factor (SPF) rating, by the way, applies only to UVB radiation

Ideal sun screen lotion

Skin type

Details

I

Always burns easily, never tans (Sensitive)

8 or more

II

Always burns easily, tans minimally (Sensitive)

6-7

III

Burns moderately, tans gradually (Light brown, Normal)

4-5

IV

Burns minimally, always tans well (Moderate brown, Normal)

2-3

V

Barely burns, tans profusely (Dark brown, Insensitive)

2

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with SPF

VI

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Never burns, deeply pigmented (Insensitive)

Not indicated

Aim of study This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sun Screen Lotion

in providing protection against sunburns and in prevention of skin tanning effect. Study procedure Seven volunteers were selected from the list of volunteers and all the 7 volunteers were included in the study. All volunteers were subjected to 40 minutes sun exposure following application of stud y lotions. A rubber sheet of the forearm length, with three circles of 3 cms diameter each was used to cover the forearm. Each volunteer applied 100 ml of study lotion to their forearm with the use of the rubber sheet as regulator. For universal spread of lotion, 5 standardized circular hand movements were used. All the volunteers were examined at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Primary and secondary outcome measures The predefined primary outcome measures were development of erythema (redness), skin tanning, skin burns, skin lightening effect; while, secondary outcome measures were adverse dermal reactions like burning sensation, inflammatory or allergic skin reactions. RESULTS The study was conducted on two consecutive days by exposing the skin for 1 hour between 11.45 a.m. to 12.45 p.m. On both days, Sun Screen Lotion was comparable to control lotion in terms of redness, tanning, sunburn and skin lightening effects after 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Skin lightening effect persisted longer (3 hours) with study lotion and both the lotions were comparable in terms of prevention of tanning and skin lightening effect during the sun exposure time. No adverse effects (inflammatory and allergic reactions) were reported or observed during the study.

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CONCLUSION From the study results it can be concluded that, Sun Screen Lotion is effective in providing protection against sunburns and in prevention of skin tanning effect and is safe for long-term usage.

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Table : Average score of sun protection on treatment with Sun Screen Lotion Da Minute Redness Tanning Sun burn

Skin

y

lightening

s

effect SSL-01

Contr

S

Contr

S

Contr

S

ol

SL-

ol

SL-

ol

SL-

01 Da

10

0.00

y1 20

0.00

01 0.00

0 .00

0.00

30

0.00

40 Da

01

Control

0.00 10

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.29

0.29

0.14

0

0.07

.00 0

0.29

.00 0

.43 0.00 0 .57

0

0

1

1

.00 0.29

.00 0

.29 1

.29 1

0.14

.00 0

.57 1

.14 1

0.14

.00 0

.43 0

.21 1

0

.14 0

.57 1

.57 1

y2 20

0.00

0.00

0.00

1

.00 0.00

.00 0

.00 1

.00 1

30

0.00

0.00

0.00

.29 1

0.00

.00 0

.00 1

.00 1

40

0.00

0.14

0.00

.00 1

0.00

.00 0

.57 1

.00 1

.00

.29

.14

.29 Score: Nil: 0; Mild: 1; Moderate: 2; Severe: 3

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The word 'Ayurveda' comes from the word 'ayur' meaning 'life' and the word 'veda' meaning 'to know'. Ayurveda means 'the science of life', and is a medical system practiced in India, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Ayurveda's mythological origins, though, are attributed to the Indo-European Nasatya or Aswins, twin physicians of the gods of the ancient IndoEuropean pantheon. Four thousand year old references to the Nasatya are found in the now extinct, Hurrian and Hittite languages in Turkey, and in the Sanskrit language in India. Ayurveda is considered the upaveda or accessory Veda to the Atharva Veda. The four Vedas are the world's oldest literary documents in an Indo-European language. A classic ayurvedic text, that parallels the time frame of the Atharva Veda, is the Charaka Samhita. Written in the Indus Valley area around 1000 B.C.E. (Before the Common Era) in Sanskrit, it is a treatise on general medicine. This strongly suggests the probability that ayurveda, though of pan IndoEuropean origins earlier, had begun to evolve into a distinct entity within the subcontinent by the first millennium B.C.E. Ayurveda's lasting influence in the non Indo-European sphere began after the rise and spread of Buddhism in the 6th century B.C.E. Buddhist monks introduced Ayurveda to China, Tibet, Korea, Mongolia and Sri Lanka, leaving a lasting legacy in their medical systems. More recently, the German translation of an ayurvedic text that dates back to less than 1000 B.C.E., the Susruta Samhita, contributed to modern medicine the discipline of plastic surgery. Susruta mentions eight branches in ayurveda - General medicine, Surgery, ENT and Eye diseases, Toxicology, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Gynecology, 12 | P a g e

Sexology and Virility. The Himalaya Drug Company, since 1930, has blended ayurvedic expertise with modern medical research methodology, to extend the science of ayurveda to produce scientifically verified herbal solutions.

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Mr. M. Manal forms The Himalaya Drug Company. His vision: Put ayurveda on par with modern medicine.

Launch of Serpina, the world’s first antihypertensive drug, derived from Rauwolfia serpentina.

Dr. Roshan M. Captain, Ph.D., joins the company and spearheads research and development.

Liv.52, a hepatoprotective, is launched and goes on to become one of the world’s top-selling drugs.

Mr. Meraj A. Manal, the founder’s son, joins the company.

Mr. Karstein, a German pharmaceutical consultant, directs the company’s focus towards allopathic medical practitioners.

An advanced manufacturing facility is set up in Bangalore. The facility grows to become the corporate headquarters.

The company’s R&D center moves to Bangalore. Research and development becomes a very important aspect of the company’s focus.

The company opens its US office at Houston, Texas.

The Animal Health Product range for commercial livestock is launched.

Himalaya Herbals launches its personal healthcare products in India.

The company launches a special range for pets called the Companion Care range.

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The company adopts a new unified brand identity

Well-being Division formed.

ISO 9001: 2000 Himalaya celebrates certification awarded for seventy-five years. design, manufacture and marketing of herbal health

HISTORY Seventy-nine years ago, on a visit to Burma, Himalaya’s founder, Mr. M. Manal, saw restless elephants being fed with a root to pacify them. The plant from which this was taken is Rauwolfia serpentina. Fascinated by the plant's effect on elephants, he had it scientifically evaluated. After extensive research, Serpina®, the world’s first anti-hypertensive drug, was launched in 1934. This legacy of researching nature forms the foundation of Himalaya’s operations. Himalaya uses the tools of modern science to create pharmaceutical-grade ayurvedic products. We have pioneered research that has converted Ayurveda’s herbal tradition into a complete range of proprietary formulations dedicated to healthy living and longevity. Today, these products have found acceptance with medical fraternities and serve the health and personal care needs of consumers in over 65 countries

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Ayurveda or the 'Science of Life' is an ancient, holistic system for diagnosis and treatment, perhaps the oldest system of medicine known to humanity. Fundamental to ayurveda is the use of well-balanced combinations of plants and other agents in synergistic formulas. At Himalaya, we have pioneered the use of modern science to rediscover and validate Ayurveda's secrets. We employ cutting edge research to create pharmaceutical-grade ayurvedic products. Natural, effective and safe, these products have helped thousands of people live healthier, richer lives. Our focus is on wellness; on helping people get healthy and stay healthy. At Himalaya, research begins with raw herbs chosen from traditional texts and from observations and experiences of indigenous plants. Our team of herbalists study texts, both traditional and scientific, exhaustively for relevant data. A few herbs of promising activity are short-listed. Polyherbal formulations of these short-listed herbs are made in order to provide a wider scope of pharmacological and cosmetic activity. Multicentered, double-blind trials according to WHO criteria further assist in scientifically validating the formulations. Today, the company has created a state-of-the art Research and Development facility at Bangalore, that is one of the best available, for traditional medicine anywhere in the world. Over 40 qualified doctors and 16 | P a g e

scientists are constantly at work, developing and evaluating new drugs and therapies. In the 1930's, Himalaya developed a pioneering experimental herb farm, which grew rare endangered herbs for commercial use. The company today has in addition to this an unparalleled database of dedicated herb suppliers, an herbarium, an agrotech division and a nursery. The standardization of herbal medicine is a more daunting challenge than the processes used for allopathic medicine. The tabletting of ayurvedic medicine is more arduous, with multiple granulating, processing and coating variables. Today, Himalaya's manufacturing unit has the largest coating capacity in Asia. Researching ayurveda and capturing its benefits in formulations, has been the hallmark of ayurveda at Himalaya. Using modern research methodology and manufacturing practice, Himalaya has made available to people all over the world, an alternate method of treatment, which has no known side effects.

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The Beginnings . . . making of an Indian multinational The Himalaya Drug Company was founded in 1930 by Mr. M. Manal with a clear vision to bring Ayurveda to society in a contemporary form and to unravel the mystery behind the 5,000 year old system of medicine. This included referring to ancient ayurvedic texts, selecting indigenous herbs and subjecting the formulations to modern pharmacological, toxicological and safety tests to create new drugs and therapies. Seventy nine years ago, on a visit to Burma, Mr. Manal saw restless elephants being fed with a root to pacify them. The plant from which this was taken is Rauwolfia serpentina. Fascinated by the plant's effect on elephants, he had it scientifically evaluated. After extensive research, Serpina , the world's first antihypertensive drug, was launched in 1934. The legacy of researching nature forms the foundation of Himalaya's operations. Himalaya has pioneered the use of modern science to rediscover and validate ayurveda's secrets. Cutting edge technology is employed to create pharmaceutical-grade ayurvedic products. As a confirmation that Himalaya is dedicated to providing the highest quality and consistency in herbal care, the Company was awarded an ISO 9001:2000 certification in 2003. Since its inception, the company has focused on developing safe, natural and innovative remedies that will help people lead richer, healthier lives. Today, Himalaya products have been endorsed by over 250,000 doctors around the globe and consumers in over 65 countries rely on Himalaya for their health and personal care needs.

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Mission Establish Himalaya as a science-based, problem-solving, head-to-heel brand, harnessed from nature's wealth and characterized by trust and healthy lives. Develop markets worldwide with an in-depth and long-term approach, maintaining at each step the highest ethical standards. Respect, collaborate with and utilize the talents of each member of the Himalaya family and the local communities where Himalaya products are developed and/or consumed, to drive our seed-to-shelf policy and to rigorously adopt eco-friendly practices to support the environment we inhabit. Ensure that each Himalaya employee strongly backs the Himalaya promise to exceed the expectations of the consumer, each time and every time. Nothing less is acceptable. Brand Identity . . . the promise of health, well-being and a prescription for good living The Himalaya brand has much in common with the mountain range from which it draws its name. For centuries, the Himalayas have been an icon of aspiration, of man's quest to unlock Nature's secrets. They represent purity and lofty ideals. The fact that the Himalayas are the source of many of the herbs that are used in our products, makes our brand name all the more appropriate.

The Himalaya logo is a visual definition of its brand identity. The leaf that forms the crossbar of the letter H evokes the company's focus on herbal healthcare. The teal green represents proximity to nature, while the orange is evocative of warmth, vibrancy and commitment to caring. The Himalaya brand carries with it the promise of good health and well-being. Location . . . largest tablet-coating unit in the country 19 | P a g e

Starting off operations in Dehradun way back in the 1930s, the company later spread its wings to Mumbai and across the country. In 1975, the company set up an advanced manufacturing facility in Makali, Bangalore, India, which today houses the Corporate headquarters. In 1991, the company relocated its R&D facility to Bangalore. The manufacturing facility at Makali has the largest tabletcoating unit in the country. Over one crore tablets are punched every day. Research & Development . . . each Himalaya product undergoes years of primary research and clinical trials before it reaches the market Himalaya has a well-defined Research and Development policy. It states that no investment is too much when it comes to scientifically creating safe drugs and therapies. Himalaya's history is one of innovation through research. The company believes that the ideal healthcare system lies in the synergy between ayurveda and modern science. Himalaya's constant endeavor is to create innovative products that satisfy the health and personal care requirements of contemporary living. Himalaya prides itself on being a completely research-oriented company. Indeed, it is this emphasis on R&D that allows Himalaya to produce safe, efficacious and consistent remedies using ayurvedic principles. The R&D department is focused on product development, quality control and standardization. All products are derived through rigorous research and produced in state-of-the art facilities. The products represent commitment to continuous investment in the best people, practices and technology. Himalaya does not support "Borrowed Science" or the practice of using published literature to substantiate efficacy claims. Each Himalaya product undergoes years of primary research and clinical trials before it reaches the market. Products Himalaya's products can broadly be categorized into three main ranges, viz: •

Pharmaceutical

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•

Personal Care

•

Animal Health

Pharmaceutical Range . . . health maintenance, eye, cardiac and skin care, immune booster and cough control The medicinal range of products carry the Himalayan hallmark of researching ayurveda and capturing its benefits in formulations. Using modern research methodology and manufacturing practice, Himalaya has made available to people all over the world, an alternate method of treatment, which has no known side effects. The medicinal range comprises over 35 products and is broadly classified into four categories viz: 

Children's Health



Men's Health



Women's Health



General Health

Liv.52, Bonnisan, Himplasia, Menosan, Reosto, Tentex Royal Prominent among Himalaya brands is Liv.52, a liver formulation, which is also the flagship brand of the company. Every one-third of a second, one unit of Liv.52 is bought somewhere in the world. It is ranked number one in the hepatoprotective - lipotropic segment and number four among all pharmaceutical products in India. (ORG Marg, July 2003). Liv.52 celebrates fifty years in 2005. In 1972, continuing its tradition of introducing safe and natural remedies, Himalaya launched Bonnisan, a natural pediatric digestive tonic. A formulation based on years of research and clinical testing, the product found wide acceptance among doctors and mothers alike. The sweet tasting tonic became a trusted part of a baby's growing up. After extensive work on the formulations and related clinical research, Himalaya introduced Menosan, a herbal non-hormonal product for menopausal women, 21 | P a g e

Reosto, a comprehensive therapy for osteoporosis and Himplasia, a unique product for benign prostatic hyperplasia, a new dimension in BPH management. Some of the other well known products are Abana, Cystone, Gasex, Geriforte, Rumalaya, Diabecon, Mentat, Koflet, Himcolin, Septilin, Pilex, PureHands, etc. Personal Care Products . . . Health Care, Oral Care, Hair Care, Skin Care and Baby Care. Himalaya has used its wealth of knowledge and research, in natural herbal remedies, to formulate a range of personal care products that cater to daily health needs. This range offers the goodness of natural solutions for daily use by the complete family. The use of natural ingredients in personal care products has been practiced since time immemorial, leading to increased use of herbs with a curative value. Modern research proves that herbs while being effective are also mild and soothing. Launched in 1999, Himalaya Herbals is a range of natural herbal personal care products spanning Health Care, Oral Care, Hair Care, Skin Care and Baby Care. The range comprises of fairness cream, soap-free face washes, facial cleansers, face toners, moisturizers, soap-free shampoos, conditioners, hair-loss control, weight control, pimple control, foot care, multi-purpose creams, skin nutrients, dandruff control, anti-stress, digestive health, pain relievers, cough & cold relievers, oral care and baby care products. Pure Herbs, Chyavanaprasha and Forest Honey Pure Herbs, the pure and concentrated strength of a single herb in the right measure, stimulate & improve body functions. Himalaya Pure Herbs is a range of individual herb extracts. Each Pure Herb is the result of strict monitoring from the farm to the lab. At the lab, Himalaya's proprietary techniques are used to extract the optimum value of each herb. This is followed by rigorous tests by R&D team for potency and consistency.

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The actions of these extracts benefit the body, irrespective of the individual's body constitution, state of health and metabolic functions. Everyone can benefit from the goodness of these herbs, irrespective of age, sex, body type or other health related factors. The Pure Herbs range comprises of the following: •

Amalaki: Useful in treating cough, cold, sore throat and respiratory tract infections. It protects cells from free radical damage and is an excellent anti oxidant.

•

Arjuna: This herb improves blood circulation and is used as a tonic for the heart.

•

Ashvagandha: Commonly known as Winter Cherry, this herb acts as an ant-stress agent that imparts a sense of well-being and helps in coping with life's daily stresses.

•

Brahmi: A well-known herb that helps in improving general alertness.

•

Karela: Commonly known as Bitter Gourd, it is known to aid in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

•

Lasuna: Commonly referred to as Garlic, Lasuna helps in controlling the excess conversion of lipids and cholesterol.

•

Neem: A popular herb, Neem has anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and blood purifying properties. It is very useful in skin disorders and helps maintain a healthy, beautiful and glowing skin.

•

Shuddha Guggulu: It regulates fat metabolism and helps remove excess cholesterol from the body.

•

Shallaki: This herb treats joint problems.

•

Tagara: It has mild sedative properties, which are useful for insomnia and sleep disorders.

•

Triphala: A digestive aid compound and a bowel cleanser.

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•

Tulasi: It has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, and is useful in respiratory tract infections like dry or wet cough, cold and sore throat.

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Chyavanaprash a: Himalaya Chyavanaprash a is a unique combination of ancient wisdom and modern science. Its natural ingredients are tested to ensure the highest levels of purity.

Honey: Pure unadulterated Himalaya Forest Honey is sourced from India's untouched forests.

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Introduction At Himalaya, we pride ourselves on being a completely research oriented company. Indeed, it is this emphasis on R&D that allows us to produce safe, efficacious and consistent remedies using ayurvedic principles. Our R&D department is focused on product development, quality control and standardization. All our products are derived through rigorous research and produced in state-of-the art facilities. They represent our commitment to continuous investment in the best people, practices and technology. We do not support "Borrowed Science" or the practice of using published literature to substantiate efficacy claims. Each Himalaya product undergoes years of primary research before it reaches the market. Recognition

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In March 2001, we were granted a "Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)" Certificate, issued by the Licensing Authority, Directorate of Indian Systems of Medicine, Bangalore. Himalaya is the first Ayurvedic facility to get GMP certification in the country.

We are the only phytopharmaceutical company whose ayurvedic product, Liv.52, a hepato-protective formula, is registered as a 'pharmaceutical specialty' in Switzerland.

Our R&D wing has been recognized as a Research Center by the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India.

Quality Assurance

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Quality covers two areas - Quality Assurance and Quality Control. Pharmaceutical products are designed and developed with the following requirements GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) GLP (Good Laboratory Practice) GCP (Good Clinical Practice)

GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) for pharmaceuticals include assessment of quality, safety & efficacy:

a. Crude plant material - pharmacognosy b. Plant preparation - analytical c. Finished product - formulation and development d. Stability - stability studies are conducted on all our products as per ICH (International Conference for Harmonization) guidelines to ensure quality of the product throughout its shelf-life Safety Assessment a. Toxicological studies - acute, subchronic, chronic, and teratogenicity Efficacy assessment a. Activity - pharmacological b. Clinical studies - phases I, II, & III Formulation of products 1. Identification (Literature surveys of ancient classical texts and scientific literature) 2. Pharmacognosy - microspical identification, macroscopical identification, 29 | P a g e

Research Activities

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Pharmacognosy

Establish bona fides of herbal materials through morphological and microscopic studies

Maintain herbarium of phyto-medical materials.

Formulation and Development

Pre-formulation studies to check the biochemical action of ingredients.

Trials to assess safety and efficacy of formulations.

Accelerated stability trials to check physical, chemical, microbiological and biological aspects of formulations.

Standardize processes for uniform quality.

Transfer of technology to the production department.

Immuno-pharmacology

Study the mechanism of drug action at a molecular level. 31 | P a g e

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P o ll a c h i 34 | P a g e

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Himalaya produces quality polyherbal formulations. To monitor quality, many endangered herbs are grown by the Company on its farmland. The principles of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) are rigorously followed in the plant and the Company prides itself on being environment friendly. As part of the environment control system, it had installed a modern effluent treatment plant long before regulations mandated it. A high stress on quality, several quality circles and special project teams working on Total Quality Management (TQM) projects make quality a way of life in Himalaya. The manufacturing plant uses automatic, high-speed punching, coating and filling machines. The tablet coating facility is one of the largest in India. The plant can produce nearly 5 billion tablets and 60 million bottles of liquids annually.

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Himalaya's history is one of innovation through research. Our quest to produce natural, safe and effective remedies has been driven by several factors: an enduring belief in the power of ayurveda, a close observation of nature and the systematic application of primary research methods for validation and testing. We believe that the ideal healthcare system lies in the synergy between ayurveda and modern science. It will be our constant endeavor to create innovative products that satisfy the health and personal care requirements of contemporary living.

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Action

Over exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays seriously threatens human health. Besides sunburn, prolonged exposure to UV radiation can cause premature aging, suppression of the immune system and even skin cancer. Himalaya Herbals Protective Sunscreen Lotion is a double action formulation that protects you from harmful UV rays and nourishes your skin.

Usage Apply liberally on exposed skin like face, neck and arms before going outdoors during the day. Avoid area around eyes. Suitable for all skin types. Dermatologically tested. No harmful chemicals Indications 1. Protection from UVA & UVB rays

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2. Prevents skin darkening Helpful tips

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Helpful tips to protect your skin from the sun's harmful UV rays

Limit exposure to the sun from 11 am to 4 pm - this is when the sun's rays are strongest. Shield yourself with an umbrella, hat, sunglasses and long-sleeved clothing when you go out. These physically block out the sun's harmful rays.

Use broad-spectrum sunscreens with active ingredients that block both UVA and UVB rays. Sunscreens should be used every day, including cloudy days.

Use sunscreens with SPF* 15. This offers adequate protection for everyday use. Sunscreens should be applied liberally and evenly before going outdoors during the day.

* SPF - Sun Protection Factor

Pack Size 45 | P a g e

Protective Sunscreen Lotion is available in pack sizes of 50ml and 100ml.

Composition Protective Sunscreen Lotion contains the following ingredients: Hedychium spicatum (Spiked Ginger Lily, Gandhapalashi) protects the skin from UV rays. Aloe vera (Barbados Aloe, Kumari) moisturizes the skin. Alpinia galanga (Greater Galangal, Mahabharivacha) has skin protectent action, protectent against UV rays, boosts the activity of conventional sunscreens. Pyrus malus (Crab Apple, Seva) prevents skin cell degeneration and premature skin aging.

Daily use Protective Sunscreen Lotion is a double action formulation suitable for all skin types. Over exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays seriously threatens human health. Besides sunburn, prolonged exposure to UV radiation can cause premature aging, suppression of the immune system and even skin cancer. Himalaya Herbals Protective Sunscreen Lotion is a double action formulation that protects you from harmful UV rays and nourishes your skin.

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Indications: •

Protection from UVA & UVB rays

•

Prevents skin darkening

Action: •

Protection: The breakthrough of the herbal extract Cinnabloc gives long lasting protection from harmful UVA and UVB rays, and prevents skin darkening.

•

Nourishment: The lotion provides nourishmetn with ingredients like Aloe vera that moisturizes the skin and Apple extracts, that prevent skin cell degeneration and premature skin ageing.

Ingredients: Protective Sunscreen Lotion contains the following ingredients: •

Hedychium spicatum (Spiked Ginger Lily, Gandhapalashi) protects the skin from UV rays.

•

Aloe vera (Barbados Aloe, Kumari) moisturizes the skin.

•

Alpinia galanga (Greater Galangal, Mahabharivacha) has skin protectent action, protectent against UV rays, boosts the activity of conventional sunscreens.

•

Pyrus malus (Crab Apple, Seva) prevents skin cell degeneration and premature skin aging.

Usage: Apply liberally on exposed skin like face, neck and arms before going outdoors during the day. Avoid area around eyes. Suitable for all skin types. Dermatologically tested. No harmful chemicals.

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Packaging: A bottle of 100ml of product. Indications: •

Protection from UVA & UVB rays

•

Prevents skin darkening

Action: •

Protection: The breakthrough of the herbal extract Cinnabloc gives long lasting protection from harmful UVA and UVB rays, and prevents skin darkening.

•

Nourishment: The lotion provides nourishmetn with ingredients like Aloe vera that moisturizes the skin and Apple extracts, that prevent skin cell degeneration and premature skin ageing.

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OTHER SUNSCREENS IN MARKET Lakme Sun Expert Sunscreen Lotion

For All Skin types Lakme Sun Expert Sunscreen Lotion SPF-15 For All Skin types A 100% oil-free formulation that protects normal skin from 70% of skin damage. Specially formulated for Indian skin that tans easily, new Lakme Sun Expert has SPF 15 to prevent tanning and block out harmful rays. How it Works Moisturises, nourishes and prevents tanning, wrinkling, spots and keeps skin soft. How to Use Massage gently onto face, neck, hands and other exposed parts of the body. Use daily, all year round, whether you are indoors or outdoors. .

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Shablock Ayurvedic Sun Block Cream This formulation is enriched with herbal ingredients that have an in-built resistance to ultraviolet radiation. It provides the skin with an intensive moisturising system, protecting it from sun-damage and making it soft and smooth. Method of use : Apply evenly on face and all over exposed skin 20-30 minutes prior to sun exposure. Skin Care: For all types of skin.

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Chapter – II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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Research Methodology R = REQUIREMENT E = ESTIMATION S = SEARCHING E = ENQUIRY A = ALLOCATION R = RAW DATA C = CREATIVITY H = HELPFUL FOR SOCIETY WELFARE Methodology is the way to systematically solve the research problem. Research methodology just does not deal with research methods but also considers the logic behind the methods. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically and systematically. In studying research problem along with the logic behind them it is necessary for the researcher to know the research methods, techniques. He must also clearly understand that the producer would apply it to the problem given to him. All this means that it is necessary for the researcher to design methodology from problem to problem. Research methodology may be summarized in the following steps – 1. Defining the research objective. 2. Preparing the research design. 3. Implementation of the research design.

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- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY  To find out the brand perception of Himalaya herbals  Awareness regarding the Himalaya sunscreen lotion

POPULATION Population is the total area, no of person, who are the subject of the study. To determine the population is the first step of any research; it defines the boundaries of research.

SAMPLE A sample is a finite no. of units taken for the purpose of study out of the universe; the sample is selected for the convenience of study. For this, optimum sample should be selected and the selected sample should represent whole universe. It is neither feasible nor desirable to go to each and everyone, so sampling is done.

QUESTIONNAIRE A questionnaire is a device for collection of data from large, diverse and widely scattered group of people. It can be a most useful tool for gathering information from respondents. Keeping in mind the objectives of the study a questionnaire is prepared.

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TOOLS AND TECHNIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION

Data is collected with the help of questionnaire. It was collected in all the hours of the day. And for the analysis of the data “PERCENTAGE METHOD” has been used

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CHAPTER-III

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

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ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Do you use any sunscreen lotion ? YES NO

80% .

20%

20%

80%

yes no

INTERPRETATION By the above research it is observed that almost 80%people uses sunscreen lotion & most of them near about 60% are women.

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WHAT BRAND OF SUNSRCREEN LOTION DO YOU USE ? LAKME

40%

SHAHNAZ HUSSAIN

20%

PONDS

10%

GARNIER

15%

HIMALAYA

5%

OTHER’S

10%

5%

10% 40%

15%

lakme 10% 20%

shnz hsn ponds garnier himalaya others

INTERPRETATION

It is cleared that peoples who use sunscreen lotion likes Lakme the most.& the Himalaya Sunscreen lotion is not much used by people.

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DO YOU AWARE OF HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION ? YES COMPLETELY

25%

NOT SO MUCH

60%

NO

15%

15%

25%

yes completely

60%

not so much no

INTERPRETATION Very few people are aware of Himalaya sunscreen lotion that’s why the sale of it is very low.

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WHAT IS THE MAIN FEATURE OF HIMALAYA PRODUCTS ? EASILY AVAILABLE

40%

NON CHEMICAL

25%

NO SIDEFFECTS

10%

HERBAL PRODUCT

25%

25% 40%

easily available non chemical no sideeffects

10%

herbal product 25%

INTERPRETATION

People uses Himalaya product because it is easily available in the market & it it non chemical.

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WHAT ARE REMEDIES OF HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION. NOT AVAILABLE

25%

COSTLY

25%

NO PROMOTION

40%

OTHERS

10%

10%

25%

40% 25% not available

costly no promotion others

INTERPRETATION

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The main cause behind the failure of sunscreen lotion is less sales promotion.

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IN YOUR OPINION WHICH BRAND IS NUMBER 1 BRAND OF SUNSCREEN LOTION ?

LAKME

55%

SHAHNAZ HUSSAIN

10%

PONDS

10%

GARNIER

15%

HIMALAYA

8%

OTHER’S

2%

8%

2%

15%

lakme 55% shnz

10% 10%

hsn ponds garnier himalaya others

INTERPRETATION According to customers & the survey users likes the Lakme sunscreen lotion most & they believe it is no.1 62 | P a g e

WHAT YOU THINK ABOUT OTHER PRODUCTS OF HIMALAYA OTHER THAN SUNSCREEN LOTION ? VERY GOOD

25%

QUITE GOOD

40%

PRTIALLY

30%

BAD

3%

VERY BAD

2%

2% 2% 25%

3% 29%

very good

39%

quite good partially bad very bad others

INTERPRETATION; Customers likes other products of Himalaya.

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WHAT TYPE OF HIMALAYA PRODUCT DO YOU USE IN YOUR HOME? BABY CARE

25%

HAIR CARE

15%

SKIN CARE

25%

HEALTH CARE

30%

OTHERS

5%

0% 5%

25%

30%

baby care 15% 25%

hair care skin care health care others others

INTERPRETATION Peoples use almost all products of haimalaya.

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Do you get information about latest product launched by Himalaya ?

YES

30%

NOT FULLY

50%

NO

20%

33%

67%

0%

yes not fully no

INTERPRETATION It is cleared that half of the customers are not fully updated by Himalaya herbal company.

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DO YOU SATISFIED BY HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION ? SATISFIED

10%

PARTIALLY SATISFIED

15%

DISSATISFIED

60%

STRONGLY DISSATISFIED

15%

15%

10% 15%

satisfied partially satisfied 60%

dissatisfied strongly dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION By the above data it is being understood that sunscreen lotion of Himalaya is failed in market.maximum no.of cutomers are dissatisfied by it. 66 | P a g e

OVERALL SATISFACTION WITH HIMALAYA

SATISFIED

30%

PARTIALLY SATISFIED

40%

DISSATISFIED

25%

STRONGLY DISSATISFIED

5%

5%

30%

25%

satisfied partially satisfied 40%

dissatisfied strongly dissatisfied

INTERPRETATION Rather than sunscreen lotion customers are satisfied by other products of Himalaya.

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Chapter –I V

FINDINGS

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 The first reason I found behind the failure of Hiamalaya sunscreen lotion is there sale promotion.they are not spending much money to the advertisement of there sunscreen lotion.  They are unable to compete with there competitors.  There distributing chain is limited upto big cities.  There products are very costly in compare to other Herbal Products.  They are not updating there customers completely about there new products.

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Chapter – V

SUGGESTIONS

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 Change marketing strategies for sales promotion of sunscreen lotion.  Expand distribution channel  Make customers update time by time.  Manufacturing some small pack so that price may be lower  Must try to cover small towns & villages also so that the sale increase.  Make people aware of Himalaya Sunscreen lotion.

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Bibliographie www.himalayaherbals.com www.google.com www.yahoosearch.com

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QUESTIONNAIRE Respected Sir/Madam, I am Shantanu Sengupta MBA student of DIMAT,Raipur.Conducting the survey on the topic “MEASUREMENT OF BRAND AWARENESS & BRAND PERCEPTION OF HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION’ . PERSONAL DETAILS OF THE RESPONDENT : 1.NAME

:-

2.AGE

:-

3.GENDER

:-

4.OCCUPATION

:-

5.ADDRESS 1.

:Do you use any sunscreen lotion ?

YES NO

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.

2. WHAT BRAND OF SUNSRCREEN LOTION DO YOU USE ? LAKME SHAHNAZ HUSSAIN PONDS GARNIER HIMALAYA OTHER’S

3. DO YOU AWARE OF HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION ? YES COMPLETELY NOT SO MUCH NO

2. WHAT IS THE MAIN FEATURE OF HIMALAYA PRODUCTS ? EASILY AVAILABLE NON CHEMICAL NO SIDEFFECTS 74 | P a g e

HERBAL PRODUCT

3. WHAT ARE REMEDIES OF HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION. NOT AVAILABLE COSTLY NO PROMOTION OTHERS 4. IN YOUR OPINION WHICH BRAND IS NUMBER 1 BRAND OF SUNSCREEN LOTION ?

LAKME SHAHNAZ HUSSAIN PONDS GARNIER HIMALAYA OTHER’S

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5. WHAT YOU THINK ABOUT OTHER PRODUCTS OF HIMALAYA OTHER THAN SUNSCREEN LOTION ? VERY GOOD QUITE GOOD PRTIALLY BAD VERY BAD

6.

WHAT TYPE OF HIMALAYA PRODUCT DO YOU USE IN YOUR HOME? BABY CARE HAIR CARE SKIN CARE HEALTH CARE OTHERS

7. Do you get information about latest product launched by Himalaya ? 76 | P a g e

YES NOT FULLY NO

8. DO YOU SATISFIED BY HIMALAYA SUNSCREEN LOTION ? SATISFIED PARTIALLY SATISFIED DISSATISFIED STRONGLY DISSATISFIED 9. OVERALL SATISFACTION WITH HIMALAYA SATISFIED PARTIALLY SATISFIED DISSATISFIED STRONGLY DISSATISFIED DATE: PLACE:

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