H&hm Final Report - Copy.docx

A project report on

Prepare a similar model of pelton wheel turbine. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING YEAR: 2016-2020

Submitted by: 161fa03014 K.Sai sarath chandra), 161fa03024 (P.Aravind reddy), 161fa03030 (V.Vamsi Krishna),

Submitted to: D.Y.Vamshi

Objective: The main objective of this project is to know the characteristic properties of pelton wheel turbine.

Introduction: The Pelton wheel is an impulse-type turbine and was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. It is an impulse turbine with tangential entry at inlet. It converts hydraulic energy of the jet into mechanical energy of the runner.

Working principle of pelton wheel turbine: “The working principle of pelton turbine is simple. When a high speed water jet injected through a nozzle hits buckets of Pelton wheel; it induces an impulsive force. This makes the turbine rotate. The rotating shaft runs a generator and produces electricity.”

Components in pelton wheel turbine:

Runner with buckets: Runner is a wheel mounted on axil called runner shaft all the buckets of the pelton wheel are mounted on the periphery of runner. Runner and runner shaft are made up of high speed steel and stainless steel.

The total no.of buckets that need to be placed on the runner is given by:: N=15+(D/2d)

where, N=optimum no.of buckets D=diameter of the runner

d=the smallest diameter of the jet and diameter of the bucket (without splitter)

Casing: It is made up of stainless steel plates or cast iron shells or aluminum shells. The casing is provided for the purpose of  Preventing of splashing.  To ensure safety of user. Buckets: These are made up of stainless steel or cast iron or alloy of iron & titanium.

Penstock: It is a solid pipe used to carry water to a wheel or turbine.

Nozzle: It is the attached to the end of the penstock. The main purpose is to increase the velocity of the water.

Brake nozzle:

Whenever the turbine has to be brought to rest the nozzle is completely closed. But the runner of pelton wheel goes on revolving due to inertia. To bring the runner to rest in short time, a small nozzle is provided in such a way that it will direct the jet of water on the back of buckets. It acts as a brake for reducing the speed of the runner.

Learning’s from this project:  For suppose the runner consists of n no.of buckets if it is reduced to n-1 then there will be loss in impulse to rotate the runner.  If the diameter of the shaft is reduced there will be reduction in the torque produced this reduction in torque is responsible for reduction in power.  We used dynamo to generate electricity.  The jet entry should be tangential if not there will be loss of impulse.  Here casing should be provided because there is splashing of water.  In pelton wheel turbine splitter plays a major role of splitting the water in to two. If splitter is not provided there will be storage of water in the buckets and which results in no creation of impulse.  If we do not provided the cut for the bucket so that there will storage of water in the buckets i.e. why there won’t be exit of water from the buckets this will reduce the power to be generated. In our project we do not provided the cuts because the material we have used is plastic. The cut of the plastic material crates a problem to us.

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