Heart
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SCIENCE PROJECT ON HOW HEART WORKS • Name Of The Science • Name Of Computer Teacher:Teachers:Mrs Inderjeet Kaur • Mrs Watanjot Kaur • Mrs Neelam • Miss Kiranjit Kaur
SCIENCE PROJECT ON HOW HEART WORKS • WHAT IS HEART • The heart is a specialised muscle that contracts regularly and continuously, pumping blood to the body and the lungs. The pumping action is caused by a flow of electrically through the heart that repeats itself in a cycle. If this electrical activity is disrupted - for example by a disturbance in the heart's rhythm known as an 'arrhythmia' - it can affect the heart's ability to pump properly.
SHAPES OF HEART
HUMAN HEART • The Heart is a roughly coneshaped hollow muscular organ.It is about 10 cm long and is about the size of owner’s
EXTERIOR OF THE HEART
INTERIOR OF THE HEART
How the heart functions electrically • The heart's natural pacemaker - the SA node sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) causing it to contract and pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse is then conducted to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node. The impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump out the blood. The blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs, and the blood from the left ventricle goes to the body.
Heart Valves • The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.
The four heart valves • tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle • pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery • mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle • aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta
Heart valves
Heart function • The heart is a powerful muscle slightly larger than your clenched fist. It works as a pump to send oxygen-rich blood through all parts of your body. Blood contains oxygen and nutrients that every cell in your body needs to survive. The oxygen-rich blood travels throughout the arteries and vessels, nourishing the body so that it can function properly. • Your heart will beat an average of 100,000 times per day. In that time, it pumps more than 4,300 gallons of blood throughout your entire body.
Heart Functions
The Flow of Blood • The heart is divided into two sides. Each side is divided again into two chambers, the atrium (upper chamber) and ventricle (lower chamber). Blood vessels (veins) carry blood to the heart from the rest of the body. This blood carries carbon dioxide and cellular waste products. The blood goes into the right atrium and then to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped to the lungs to dispose of wastes and receive a fresh oxygen supply. From the lungs, the blood returns to the heart. It returns to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle. The blood is then pumped out of the heart by the left ventricle into the aorta. The left ventricle is the chamber of the heart that is responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body. The aorta sends this blood to small arteries, which carry the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
The Flow of Blood
Heart valves • There are four heart valves. They are all oneway valves to keep blood moving through the various chambers of the heart. 1.The mitral valve guards the opening between the atrium and the ventricle in the left side of the heart. It allows blood to flow forward from the atrium to the ventricle, and prevents blood from flowing backwards. The mitral valve has tiny cords attached to the walls of the ventricles. This helps support the valve’s small flaps or leaflets.
The Aortic Valve 2.The aortic valve, also called a semi-lunar valve, has three segments that prevent the return of the blood from the aorta to the left ventricle. It looks like three half Ping-Pong balls. Valves on the heart’s left side need to withstand much pressure. Sometimes they wear out and leak or become thick and stiff.
Pulmonary Valve 3.The pulmonary valve is located at the junction of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, the pulmonary valve opens, forcing the blood into the artery which leads to the lungs. It is also a semi-lunar valve. When the chamber relaxes, this valve closes and prevents a backflow of the blood.
Tricuspid Valve . The tricuspid valve is located between the upper and lower chamber in the right side of the heart. Its position corresponds to the mitral valve in the left side of the heart.
HEART VALVES
Heart Valves Function • As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the valves open and shut, letting blood flow into the ventricles and atria at alternate times. The following is a step-by-step illustration of how the valves function normally in the left ventricle: • After the left ventricle contracts, the aortic valve closes and the mitral valve opens, to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
Heart Valves Function • As the left atrium contracts, more blood flows into the left ventricle. • When the left ventricle contracts again, the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens, so blood flows into the aorta.
DIFFERENT VIEWS OF HUMAN HEART
The Heart Chambers • The heart has four chambers - two at the top (the atria) and two at the bottom (the ventricles). The normal trigger for the heart to contract arises from the heart's natural pacemaker, the SA node, which is in the top chamber (see the diagram, right). The SA node sends out regular electrical impulses causing the atrium to contract and to pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse then passes to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node (atrio-ventricular node).
The Heart Chambers
SCIENCE PROJECT ON HOW HEART WORKS • WHAT IS HEART • The heart is a specialised muscle that contracts regularly and continuously, pumping blood to the body and the lungs. The pumping action is caused by a flow of electrically through the heart that repeats itself in a cycle. If this electrical activity is disrupted - for example by a disturbance in the heart's rhythm known as an 'arrhythmia' - it can affect the heart's ability to pump properly.
SHAPES OF HEART
HUMAN HEART • The Heart is a roughly coneshaped hollow muscular organ.It is about 10 cm long and is about the size of owner’s
EXTERIOR OF THE HEART
INTERIOR OF THE HEART
How the heart functions electrically • The heart's natural pacemaker - the SA node sends out regular electrical impulses from the top chamber (the atrium) causing it to contract and pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse is then conducted to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node. The impulse spreads into the ventricles, causing the muscle to contract and to pump out the blood. The blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs, and the blood from the left ventricle goes to the body.
Heart Valves • The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.
The four heart valves • tricuspid valve: located between the right atrium and the right ventricle • pulmonary valve: located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery • mitral valve: located between the left atrium and the left ventricle • aortic valve: located between the left ventricle and the aorta
Heart valves
Heart function • The heart is a powerful muscle slightly larger than your clenched fist. It works as a pump to send oxygen-rich blood through all parts of your body. Blood contains oxygen and nutrients that every cell in your body needs to survive. The oxygen-rich blood travels throughout the arteries and vessels, nourishing the body so that it can function properly. • Your heart will beat an average of 100,000 times per day. In that time, it pumps more than 4,300 gallons of blood throughout your entire body.
Heart Functions
The Flow of Blood • The heart is divided into two sides. Each side is divided again into two chambers, the atrium (upper chamber) and ventricle (lower chamber). Blood vessels (veins) carry blood to the heart from the rest of the body. This blood carries carbon dioxide and cellular waste products. The blood goes into the right atrium and then to the right ventricle, where it is then pumped to the lungs to dispose of wastes and receive a fresh oxygen supply. From the lungs, the blood returns to the heart. It returns to the left atrium and then to the left ventricle. The blood is then pumped out of the heart by the left ventricle into the aorta. The left ventricle is the chamber of the heart that is responsible for pumping blood to all parts of the body. The aorta sends this blood to small arteries, which carry the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.
The Flow of Blood
Heart valves • There are four heart valves. They are all oneway valves to keep blood moving through the various chambers of the heart. 1.The mitral valve guards the opening between the atrium and the ventricle in the left side of the heart. It allows blood to flow forward from the atrium to the ventricle, and prevents blood from flowing backwards. The mitral valve has tiny cords attached to the walls of the ventricles. This helps support the valve’s small flaps or leaflets.
The Aortic Valve 2.The aortic valve, also called a semi-lunar valve, has three segments that prevent the return of the blood from the aorta to the left ventricle. It looks like three half Ping-Pong balls. Valves on the heart’s left side need to withstand much pressure. Sometimes they wear out and leak or become thick and stiff.
Pulmonary Valve 3.The pulmonary valve is located at the junction of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, the pulmonary valve opens, forcing the blood into the artery which leads to the lungs. It is also a semi-lunar valve. When the chamber relaxes, this valve closes and prevents a backflow of the blood.
Tricuspid Valve . The tricuspid valve is located between the upper and lower chamber in the right side of the heart. Its position corresponds to the mitral valve in the left side of the heart.
HEART VALVES
Heart Valves Function • As the heart muscle contracts and relaxes, the valves open and shut, letting blood flow into the ventricles and atria at alternate times. The following is a step-by-step illustration of how the valves function normally in the left ventricle: • After the left ventricle contracts, the aortic valve closes and the mitral valve opens, to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
Heart Valves Function • As the left atrium contracts, more blood flows into the left ventricle. • When the left ventricle contracts again, the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens, so blood flows into the aorta.
DIFFERENT VIEWS OF HUMAN HEART
The Heart Chambers • The heart has four chambers - two at the top (the atria) and two at the bottom (the ventricles). The normal trigger for the heart to contract arises from the heart's natural pacemaker, the SA node, which is in the top chamber (see the diagram, right). The SA node sends out regular electrical impulses causing the atrium to contract and to pump blood into the bottom chamber (the ventricle). The electrical impulse then passes to the ventricles through a form of 'junction box' called the AV node (atrio-ventricular node).
The Heart Chambers
