Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 22/2009 A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) 25 October 2009 You can download back issues (2005 - 2009) of this newsletter at: http://hiv-prg.org/en/newsletters

Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4 An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach................................... 4 Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change .................................................................. 4 State of the world’s vaccines and immunization ..................................................................... 4 Capital Investment for Health: Case studies from Europe ...................................................... 5 Financing health care in the European Union: Challenges and policy responses.................. 5

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5 HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 5 Successes, challenges, and limitations of current antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries ......................................................................................................... 5 Antiretroviral treatment adherence and its determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective study at Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon ................................................... 6 Paediatric HIV management at primary care level: an evaluation of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guidelines for HIV ................................................... 6 Excellent outcomes among HIV+ children on ART, but unacceptably high pre-ART mortality and losses to follow-up: a cohort study from Cambodia ......................................................... 6 Investing in People Living with HIV: The Pact Community REACH Experience .................... 7 Systematic review of orogenital HIV-1 transmission probabilities........................................... 7 Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in women: a systematic review and metaanalysis.................................................................................................................................... 7 XVII International AIDS Conference: From Evidence to Action - Regional focus ................... 7 Les séries télévisées dans l’éducation sur le VIH : Atteindre les populations grâce au divertissement populaire ......................................................................................................... 8

Sexual & Reproductive Health ..................................................................................... 8 Strategic Considerations for Strengthening the Linkages between Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Policies, Programs, and Services ........................................................................... 8 Supporting the Integration of Family Planning and HIV Services ........................................... 8 Abortion Worldwide: A Decade of Uneven Progress .............................................................. 9 Ensuring African Women’s Access to Safe Abortion .............................................................. 9 Because...women’s lives are worth saving ............................................................................. 9

Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................. 10 Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done.............................................. 10 Cough and cold remedies for children .................................................................................. 10 The Next Revolution: Giving Every Child the Chance to Survive ......................................... 10 South Asia in Action: Preventing and responding to child trafficking - Analysis of antitrafficking initiatives in the region .......................................................................................... 11

Malaria........................................................................................................................ 11 Combining Fungal Biopesticides and Insecticide-Treated Bednets to Enhance Malaria Control ................................................................................................................................... 11 Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum: can the genie be put back in the bottle? ...... 11 Options for the Delivery of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria to Children: A Community Randomised Trial ............................................................................................... 12 The use of schools for malaria surveillance and programme evaluation in Africa................ 12

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 1

Epidemic of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Involving Substandard Antimalarial Drugs, Pakistan, 2003....................................................................................................................... 12 Insecticide-treated nets usage and malaria episodes among boarding students in Zaria, Northern Nigeria .................................................................................................................... 12 Long-Lasting Insecticidal Hammocks for Controlling Forest Malaria: A Community-Based Trial in a Rural Area of Central Vietnam ............................................................................... 13

Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................... 13 The Hidden Epidemic among Former Miners: Silicosis, Tuberculosis and the Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.................................. 13 Toxicity of first-line drugs for treatment of tuberculosis in children: review........................... 13 The production of consumption: addressing the impact of mineral mining on tuberculosis in southern Africa ...................................................................................................................... 14

Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 14 Live Variola Virus: Considerations for Continuing Research ................................................ 14 100,000 cases - The spectre of cholera remains in Zimbabwe ............................................ 14 Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis............................................................... 15

Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 15 Trading Away Access to Medicines: How the European Commission’s trade agenda has taken a wrong turn................................................................................................................. 15 Essential Medicines Monitor, Issue 1 - October 2009........................................................... 15

Food and Nutrition...................................................................................................... 16 Who’s Really Fighting Hunger?............................................................................................. 16 2009 Global Hunger Index .................................................................................................... 16 A Billion Hungry People......................................................................................................... 16 Right to Food and Nutrition Watch 2009 ............................................................................... 17 Road map To End Global Hunger.........................................................................................17

Social Security............................................................................................................ 17 Microfinance in Africa: Bringing Financial Services to Africa’s Poor..................................... 17

Human Resources...................................................................................................... 18 Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda .................................................................................................................................. 18

Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 18 Operational research in low-income countries: what, why, and how? .................................. 18 Designing impact evaluations: different perspectives ........................................................... 18 Impact Evaluation: How to institutionalize evaluation? ......................................................... 19 Estimating average inpatient and outpatient costs and childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea treatment costs in an urban health centre in Zambia............................................................ 19 HIV and AIDS Programs - How they Support Health System Strengthening ....................... 19

Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 19 Information & Communication Technologies for Women’s Socioeconomic Empowerment . 19 Open Distance Learning in the Developing World: Trends, Progress and Challenges ........ 20

Education ................................................................................................................... 20 Education International CEART Report 2009 ....................................................................... 20 Debt Swaps for Education..................................................................................................... 20 The State of Learning Disabilities 2009 ................................................................................21 Review On: The Education Sector Response to HIV & AIDS in Nepal ................................ 21 Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity ................................................... 21 Intégration pédagogique des TIC en Afrique : Stratégies d’action et pistes de réflexion ..... 22 Indicators for Education Sector HIV Response Programmes: A review of existing resources ............................................................................................................................................... 22

Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 22 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Annual Report 2009 ......................... 22

Development Assistance............................................................................................ 23 EDCTP: a genuine north-south partnership .......................................................................... 23 Better Faster More - Implementing EC External Aid 2004-2009........................................... 23 GTZ Health Section – Profile ................................................................................................ 23 Global health funding: how much, where it comes from and where it goes.......................... 24 Development aid: The funding challenge.............................................................................. 24 The Evolution and Future of Donor Assistance for AIDS...................................................... 24 Aid works ............................................................................................................................... 24 Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Private Sector Development................................................... 25

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 2

Herding in Aid Allocation ....................................................................................................... 25 Group of Eight: Foreign Aid to the Developing World Update .............................................. 25 Commitment to Development Index 2009............................................................................. 26 Case Study on Aid Effectiveness in Tajikistan ...................................................................... 26 On the Non-Contractual Nature of Donor-Recipient Interaction in Development Assistance ............................................................................................................................................... 26

Others......................................................................................................................... 26 Health Situation in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2009 ...................................................... 26 European Perspectives on Global Health: A Policy Glossary............................................... 27 Outcome Mapping: a realistic alternative for planning, monitoring and evaluation............... 27

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 27 Open Access Week............................................................................................................... 27 Database of National HIV Treatment Guidelines from 24 Countries .................................... 28 PRB’s World Population Data Sheet now searchable in DataFinder.................................... 28 Now online: all official EU publications since 1952! .............................................................. 28 Euro Observer - Vol. 11, No. 3 on Mental Health ................................................................. 28 Youth InfoNet 61 – October 2009 ......................................................................................... 29

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 29 Global HIV M&E Information .................................................................................................29 Ipas Medical Abortion Web portal ......................................................................................... 29 Malaria Map Application ........................................................................................................ 29 AIDS and Law Exchange (AIDSLEX).................................................................................... 29

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 30 Online course: Introduction to Health Systems..................................................................... 30 Health Economics for Pharmaceutical Personnel................................................................. 30 E-learning course: Basics of Health Economics ................................................................... 30

CONFERENCES................................................................ 31 Geneva Health Forum: Toward Global Access to Health ..................................................... 31

CARTOON ......................................................................... 31 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 32 Full Screen Browser .............................................................................................................. 32 Run programmes in maximized Windows............................................................................. 32

Fair Use: This Newsletter is produced under the principles of 'fair use'. We source relevant news articles, resources and research documents and strive to attribute sources by providing reference and/or direct links to authors and websites. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GTZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes. While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GTZ and the editor of the Newsletter cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies contained in any articles. Please contact [email protected] if you believe that errors are contained in any article and we will investigate and provide feedback.

We encourage you to share the newsletter with your friends & colleagues.

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 3

BOOKS An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach Edited by Séverine Deneulin and Lila Shahani 350 pp. - Published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2009 Read in your web browser at: http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/470-3/ This book provides an introduction to the human development and capability approach; it also clarifies key concepts and fosters debate on a number of critical issues. Case studies from across the world are used to illustrate concepts and highlight the relevance of the approach in addressing contemporary development challenges. ***

Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change by Hannie Meesters, Lucy Wanjiru, Mariko Saito et al. United Nations Development Programme, 2009 ISBN: 978-92-1-326031-9 151 pp. 2.2 MB: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/downloads/Resource_Guide_En glish_FINAL.pdf This resource guide aims to inform practitioners and policy makers of the linkages between gender equality and climate change and their importance in relation to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. As the world moves towards a new global agreement on climate change, it is critical that women contribute to the effort and that their perspectives are equally represented in the debate. ***

State of the world’s vaccines and immunization Third edition by John Maurice, Sheila Davey, Jeffrey Bates et al. World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF and the World Bank October 2009; ISBN 978 92 4 156386 4 208 pp. 2.0 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563864_eng.pdf The State of the World’s Vaccines and Immunization reports that more infants are being immunized today than ever before - a record 106 million in 2008 - according to new data. At the same time, its authors are calling on donor nations to address a funding gap that leaves millions of children still at risk, particularly in the poorest nations and communities, where preventable diseases take their deadliest toll. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 4

Capital Investment for Health: Case studies from Europe Bernd Rechel, Jonathan Erskine, Barrie Dowdeswell et al. European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 2009 ISBN 978 92 890 4178 2 207 pp. 2.5 MB: http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E92798.pdf When decision-makers in the European health sector are faced with issues of capital investment, there are few internationally-comparative information sources to which they can turn. Written in collaboration with the European Health Property Network, this volume of case studies and the accompanying volume analysing key themes and issues, attempting to start filling this gap. ***

Financing health care in the European Union: Challenges and policy responses by Sarah Thomson, Thomas Foubister, Elias Mossialos The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 2009 ISBN 978 92 890 4165 2 224 pp. 3.9 MB: http://www.euro.who.int/document/E92469.pdf Focusing on the three health care financing functions – collection, pooling and purchasing – as well as on coverage, this book analyses the organization of health care financing in the Member States of the European Union, discusses the principal financing reform trends of recent years, and assesses their capacity to help ensure fiscal sustainability.

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS HIV - AIDS - STI Successes, challenges, and limitations of current antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries by John A Bartlett and John F Shao The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 9, Issue 10, pp. 637-649, October 2009 13 pp. 190 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309909702270.pdf?id =4d037fefcb72946c:280abbea:124692beb07:-23611255897753017 As a result of the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes and substantial financial support worldwide, an increasing number of HIV-infected individuals in lowincome and middle-income countries (LIMCs) now have access to ART. Despite this progress, important questions remain on the best use of ART and how patients should be maintained on a successful regimen. This Review addresses some of the issues faced by those managing the epidemic in LMICs, including when to start treatment, choice of first-line ART, and when to switch regimens.

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 5

Antiretroviral treatment adherence and its determinants in Sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective study at Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon by Mathieu Rougemont, Beat E Stoll, Nadia Elia and Peter Ngang AIDS Research and Therapy 2009, 6:21 (12 October 2009) 31 pp. 235 kB: http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/pdf/1742-6405-6-21.pdf With African health-care systems facing exploding demand for HIV care, reliable methods for assessing adherence and its influencing factors are needed to guide effective public-health measures. This study evaluated individual patient characteristics determining antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence and the predictive values of different measures of adherence on virological treatment failure in a cohort of patients in a routine-care setting in Cameroon. ***

Paediatric HIV management at primary care level: an evaluation of the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guidelines for HIV by Christiane Horwood, Kerry Vermaak, Nigel Rollins et al. BMC Pediatrics 2009, 9:59 (22 September 2009) 11 pp. 721 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2431-9-59.pdf Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a WHO/UNICEF strategy to improve child survival in resource poor settings. This study describes the validity of the IMCI/HIV algorithm when used by IMCI experts and the use of IMCI/HIV guidelines by IMCI trained health workers in routine clinical practice. The authors found that the HIV algorithm is not being used by IMCI trained health workers in routine practise, leading to a failure to implement life saving interventions. ***

Excellent outcomes among HIV+ children on ART, but unacceptably high pre-ART mortality and losses to follow-up: a cohort study from Cambodia Marie-Eve Raguenaud, Petros Isaakidis, Rony Zachariah et al. BMC Pediatrics 2009, 9:54 (20 August 2009) 9 pp. 270 kB: http://fieldresearch.msf.org/msf/bitstream/10144/83714/1/Raguenaud%20Peds% 20Outcomes%20Cambodia%20BMC%20Pedspdf.pdf HIV-positive children experienced a high mortality and loss-to-follow-up rates before starting ART. These programme outcomes may be improved by a more timely ART initiation. Measuring overall in-program mortality as opposed to only mortality on ART is recommended in order to more accurately evaluate paediatric HIV-programs performance. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 6

Investing in People Living with HIV: The Pact Community REACH Experience by Maria Raquel Borda, Anita Datar Garten, Sujata Rana et al. Pact, Inc., April 2009 32 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.pactworld.org/galleries/defaultfile/LearningAgenda_GIPA.pdf This paper documents Pact’s Community REACH efforts in supporting local partners who have demonstrated a commitment to the greater involvement of people living with HIV. These partners have built the capacity and increased the direct involvement of people living with HIV in service provision and advocacy. ***

Systematic review of orogenital HIV-1 transmission probabilities by Rebecca F Baggaley, Richard G White and Marie-Claude Boily International Journal of Epidemiology 2008 37(6):1255-1265 (29 July 2008) 11 pp. 112 kB: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/37/6/1255.pdf The objective was to assess the risk of HIV transmission from orogenital intercourse (OI). The authors conclude that there are currently insufficient data to estimate precisely the risk from OI exposure. The low risk of transmission evident from identified studies means that more and larger studies would be required to provide sufficient evidence to derive more precise estimates. ***

Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Helen A Weiss, Catherine A Hankins, Kim Dickson The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 9, Issue 11, pp. 669-677, November 2009 9 pp. 150 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS147330990970235X.pdf?i d=40bade4753939e7f:408e13e2:12477434d29:3e071256135947988 Male circumcision provides long-term indirect protection to women by reducing the risk of heterosexual men becoming infected with HIV. In this Review, the authors summarise the evidence for a direct effect of male circumcision on the risk of women becoming infected with HIV. Rigorous monitoring is essential to ensure that any adverse effects on women are detected and minimised. ***

XVII International AIDS Conference: From Evidence to Action - Regional focus by Parijat Baijal and Rodney Kort Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 12(Suppl 1):S6 (6 October 2009) HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 7

11 pp. 297 kB: http://www.jiasociety.org/content/pdf/1758-2652-12-S1-S6.pdf This article summarizes the challenges, opportunities and lessons learned from presentations, discussions and debates addressing major policy and programmatic responses to HIV in six geographical regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Latin America, Caribbean, and Middle East and North Africa. These regional discussions emphasized the need for legislative and policy reforms related to structural barriers facing women and girls, MSM, IDUs, sex workers and migrant populations. ***

Les séries télévisées dans l’éducation sur le VIH : Atteindre les populations grâce au divertissement populaire Rédacteur Stuart Adams KfW Entwicklungsbank (Banque de développement KfW) et Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung gGmbH (InWEnt), Septembre 2009 French version (40 pp. 1.2 MB: http://hiv-prg.org/en/reviewed-publications#Soap_Operas Videos: http://hiv-prg.org/en/videos Worldwide, soap operas are among the most popular of all TV programmes. They attract many times more viewers than purely educational programmes and yet they, too, have huge potential to educate. Given that they tell stories about the universal comedies and tragedies of daily life, they are perfect vehicles for shedding light on all of the issues surrounding HIV and causing people to reflect on the implications for them and the people they love. For more publications form the German HIV Practice Collection see: http://hiv-prg.org/

Sexual & Reproductive Health Strategic Considerations for Strengthening the Linkages between Family Planning and HIV/AIDS Policies, Programs, and Services by Mary Ann Abeyta-Behnke World Health Organization, 2009 34 pp. 698 kB: http://www.fhi.org/NR/rdonlyres/elpbhwgvhp66mqrohvzzmvr4witfytcpdsql4q7zp 6ec5ek2mo2ljqc7phprzeng22xzpvhbinmxyg/FPHIVstrategicConsiderations1.pdf

This document is designed to help program planners, implementers, and managers - including government officials and other country-level stakeholders - make appropriate decisions about whether to pursue the integration of FP and HIV services. It also explains how to pursue integration in a strategic and systematic manner, in order to achieve maximum public health benefit. ***

Supporting the Integration of Family Planning and HIV Services by Karin Ringheim, Marissa Yeakey, James Gribble et al. HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 8

Population Reference Bureau, September 2009 6 pp. 293 kB: http://www.prb.org/pdf09/fp-hivintegration.pdf This policy brief highlights why service integration makes political and programme sense, and describes the lessons learned from successful integration strategies in Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, and Uganda. This brief also urges policymakers and programme managers to make integrated services routinely and widely available. ***

Abortion Worldwide: A Decade of Uneven Progress by Susheela Singh, Deirdre Wulf, Rubina Hussain et al. Guttmacher Institute, October 2009 68 pp. 1.5 MB: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/AWWfullreport.pdf Increases in global contraceptive use have contributed to a decrease in the number of unintended pregnancies and, in turn, a decline in the number of abortions, which fell from an estimated 45.5 million procedures in 1995 to 41.6 million in 2003. While both the developed and the developing world experienced these positive trends, developed regions saw the greatest progress. Within the developing world, improvement varied widely, with Africa lagging behind other regions. ***

Ensuring African Women’s Access to Safe Abortion Ipas, 2009 12 pp. 370 kB: http://www.ipas.org/Publications/asset_upload_file236_4576.pdf Unsafe abortion constitutes a public health crisis, a social injustice, and a violation of women’s human rights and dignity. Eliminating unsafe abortion is imperative to fulfill objectives articulated at the ICPD and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, as well as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and other global and regional commitments. Effectively addressing unsafe abortion is essential to ensure fewer maternal deaths and better reproductive health, especially for women in developing countries. ***

Because...women’s lives are worth saving Issue Nr. 1, July 2009 by Marty Jarrell, Jennifer Daw Holloway, Will Alexander et al. - IPAS 20 pp. 2.2 MB: http://www.ipas.org/Publications/asset_upload_file887_4384.pdf Poor reproductive health remains the leading cause of death and illness for women of reproductive age, particularly in the poorest countries. The first issue of “Because” includes articles on reproductive health care in Ethiopia, the perception of abortion as a HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 9

human right in Latin America, and the broad effect of U.S. foreign policy on women's health in the United States and the rest of the world.

Maternal & Child Health Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done by Emily White Johansson, Tessa Wardlaw, Nancy Binkin et al. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)/World Health Organization (WHO), 2009 68 pp. 3.0 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf

The objective of this report is to focus attention on the prevention and management of diarrhoeal diseases as central to improving child survival. It examines the latest available information on the burden and distribution of childhood diarrhoea. Most importantly, it lays out a new strategy for diarrhoea control, one that is based on interventions drawn from different sectors that have demonstrated potential to save children’s lives. ***

Cough and cold remedies for children by Valerie Sung and Noel Cranswick Australian Prescriber, Vol. 32, Nr. 5, October 2009 3 pp. 184 kB: http://www.australianprescriber.com/upload/pdf/articles/1047.pdf Cough and cold medicines are no longer recommended in children because of the lack of efficacy and reports of serious adverse events. They must be avoided in children under two years and should not be recommended in children of any age, particularly those with neurological disorders, seizures, hypotonia, heart disease and those at risk of respiratory depression. Doctors and pharmacists should work together to avoid recommending the use of cough and cold remedies for children. ***

The Next Revolution: Giving Every Child the Chance to Survive by David Mepham, Kitty Arie, Fanwell Bokosi et al. Save the Children UK, 2009 48 pp. 893 kB: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/SNAA7WJ37M/$file/SC%20next%20revolution.pdf?openelement This report is published to coincide with the launch of the global campaign on newborn and child survival. Objective for this campaign is to help get the world on track to achieve MDG 4 by bringing about a substantial reduction in the preventable deaths of young children. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 10

South Asia in Action: Preventing and responding to child trafficking Analysis of anti-trafficking initiatives in the region by John Frederick, Rachel Kabir, Radha Kamath et al. UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre (IRC), August 2009 ISBN: 978-88-89129-88-3 80 pp. 1.4 MB: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/ii_ct_southasia_analysis.pdf

This publication presents a regional analysis of anti-trafficking measures relevant to children in the countries of South Asia. It assesses national legal and policy frameworks and provides a list of recommended actions for the application of a rights-based approach to child trafficking.

Malaria Combining Fungal Biopesticides and Insecticide-Treated Bednets to Enhance Malaria Control by Penelope A. Hancock PLoS Comput Biol 5(10): e1000525 (2 October 2009) 11 pp. 719 kB: http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=9E7F21205D606DB8 4A969CB52E4075C9?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1000525&representation=PDF

Using both insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) and new fungal biopesticides could have a substantial effect on disease prevalence, even in situations where neither intervention would have much impact alone. This strategy may prove particularly beneficial in high transmission areas with insecticide resistance problems, partly because fungal biopesticides are able to reverse resistance. The results of this study suggest that the combined use of ITNs and fungal biopesticides may be an efficient and effective method of malaria control. ***

Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum: can the genie be put back in the bottle? by Timothy J Egan Future Microbiology, August 2009, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 637-639 3 pp. 283 kB: http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdfplus/10.2217/fmb.09.42 It is most unlikely that any drug will provide the final answer to the problem of malaria. Rather, the fight against this parasite is an ongoing battle requiring the constant introduction of new drugs to replace those against which resistance appears. Nonetheless, at present ACT is the best option available, and it is important that concerns about drug resistance should not be used to delay the introduction of ACT in Africa and elsewhere where it is highly effective. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 11

Options for the Delivery of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria to Children: A Community Randomised Trial by Margaret Kweku, Jayne Webster, Martin Adjuik et al. PLoS ONE 4(9): e7256 (30 September 2009) 7 pp. 156 kB: http://clinicaltrials.ploshubs.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3A doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007256&representation=PDF Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children (IPTc) is a promising new intervention for the prevention of malaria but its delivery is a challenge. The authors have evaluated the coverage of IPTc that can be achieved by two different delivery systems in Ghana. ***

The use of schools for malaria surveillance and programme evaluation in Africa by Simon Brooker, Jan H Kolaczinski, Carol W Gitonga et al. Malaria Journal 2009, 8:231 (19 October 2009) 30 pp. 681 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-8-231.pdf Effective malaria control requires information on both the geographical distribution of malaria risk and the effectiveness of malaria interventions. This paper reviews the historical experience and current rationale for the use of schools and school children as a complementary, inexpensive framework for planning, monitoring and evaluating malaria control in Africa. ***

Epidemic of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Involving Substandard Antimalarial Drugs, Pakistan, 2003 by Toby Leslie, Harpakash Kaur, Nasir Mohammed et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Vol. 15, Nr. 11 - November 2009 17 pp. 1.0 MB: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/15/11/pdfs/1753.pdf In 2003 the authors investigated an epidemic of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in one refugee camp. Incidence was 100.4 cases/1,000 person-years; in other nearby camps it was only 2.1/1,000 person-years. Chemical analysis of locally manufactured sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine used for routine treatment showed that it was substandard. As global incidence decreases and epidemics become more of a threat, enhanced quality assurance of control interventions is essential. ***

Insecticide-treated nets usage and malaria episodes among boarding students in Zaria, Northern Nigeria by A. A. Aliyu and M. Alti-Mu’azu Annals of African Medicine, Oct. 2009,Vol. 8, No. 2; 2009:85-89

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 12

5 pp. 137 kB: http://www.annalsafrmed.org/temp/AnnAfrMed8285-3695073_101550.pdf Despite malaria being the largest public health problem in Africa South of Sahara with over one million associated deaths each year, there has been little progress in its prevention/control during the past decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude, use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), and the prevalence of malaria episodes among boarding secondary school pupils in Zaria, Nigeria. ***

Long-Lasting Insecticidal Hammocks for Controlling Forest Malaria: A Community-Based Trial in a Rural Area of Central Vietnam by Ngo Duc Thang, Annette Erhart, Niko Speybroeck et al. PLoS ONE 4(10): e7369 (7 October 2009) 11 pp. 371 kB: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=FB5D305C2B57CC5A3FC 1D8EC7CB59462?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007369&representation=PDF

Insecticide-treated hammocks could cut malaria rates in remaining pockets of high transmission in the forests of South-East Asia. Hammocks made from nylon, ropes and an insecticide-treated bednet were given to 7,000 people in Ninh Thuan province in central Vietnam. Researchers then noted new malaria cases in both the study group and a hammock-free control group. A 2-fold larger effect on malaria incidence in the intervention as compared to the control group was observed.

Tuberculosis The Hidden Epidemic among Former Miners: Silicosis, Tuberculosis and the Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act in the Eastern Cape, South Africa by Jaine Roberts Health Systems Trust, June 2009; ISBN: 978-1-919-839-80-6 174 pp. 2.6 MB: http://www.hst.org.za/uploads/files/ODMWA.pdf The aim of the research was to assess current and historical surveillance of the pneumoconioses in former miners, in particular silicosis, silico-tuberculosis, and tuberculosis. The research also aimed to assess the impact of the burden of lung disease and disability on the public health system and on the labour-sending communities from which the miners come and to which they return. ***

Toxicity of first-line drugs for treatment of tuberculosis in children: review Alexis R. Frydenberg and Stephen M. Graham Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 14, Issue 11, pp. 1329-1337, Nov. 2009 9 pp. 88 kB: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122591113/PDFSTART

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 13

Determining the frequency and manifestations of adverse events associated with recommended first-line anti-TB drugs in children, the authors concluded that surveillance and reporting of adverse events will need to be improved when recommended dosages of the main first-line anti-TB therapy for children are increased. Co-morbidities such as HIV infection and severe malnutrition may affect the incidence and complicate the management of possible adverse events to anti-TB therapy. ***

The production of consumption: addressing the impact of mineral mining on tuberculosis in southern Africa by Sanjay Basu, David Stuckler, Gregg Gonsalves et al. Globalization and Health 2009, 5:11 (29 September 2009) 20 pp. 195 kB: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/pdf/1744-8603-5-11.pdf Fifteen years after the end of apartheid, miners in southern Africa have the highest tuberculosis incidence of any working population in the world. Social, working and health conditions in South African mines have barely changed since the apartheid era and are helping to fuel a TB epidemic. A number of immediately-available measures to improve continuity of care for miners, change recruitment and compensation practices, and reduce the primary risk of infection may critically mitigate the negative association between mineral mining and tuberculosis.

Other Infectious Diseases Live Variola Virus: Considerations for Continuing Research Editors Ann M. Arvin and Deepali M. Patel National Academy of Sciences, October 2009; ISBN: 0-309-13691-1 171 pp. 5.2 MB: http://cart.nap.edu/cart/pdfaccess.cgi?&record_id=12616&free=1 Smallpox eradication in 1980 was a monumental achievement for the global health community. Since then the remaining known strains of its causative agent, variola virus, have been contained in two World Health Organization (WHO)-approved repositories. In 1999, the World Health Assembly (WHA) debated the issue of destroying these remaining strains. In 2009 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) consensus committee evaluated the scientific need for live variola virus in four areas: development of therapeutics, development of vaccines, genomic analysis, and discovery research. ***

100,000 cases - The spectre of cholera remains in Zimbabwe The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), May 2009 8 pp. 525 kB: http://www.ifrc.org/what/disasters/response/zimbabwe/docs/15950 0-Zimbabwe-Report-Final-EN.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 14

The report warns that although rates of cholera infection have dropped over the past months, the risk remains. The latest outbreak which began in mid 2008 was born largely as a result of the country’s almost entirely collapsed water, sanitation and health systems. These issues have not been addressed. The epidemic has entrenched itself as Africa’s worst outbreak in more than 15 years. ***

Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis Progress report on mass drug administration in 2008 World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Record - 16 October 2009, Vol. 84, 42 (pp. 437-444) 8 pp. 1.5 MB: http://www.who.int/wer/2009/wer8442.pdf Nearly 700 million of the total 1.33 billion population at risk for lymphatic filariasis was targeted for mass drug administration (MDA) during 2008. Provinces in endemic countries that have implemented 5–6 rounds of MDA and achieved <1.0% prevalence of microfilaraemia are expected to enter into the next phase of the programme – that is, to implement the monitoring and evaluation process to determine whether MDA may be stopped and post-MDA surveillance begun.

Essential Medicines Trading Away Access to Medicines: How the European Commission’s trade agenda has taken a wrong turn by Rohit Malpani, Sophie Bloemen, Mohga Kamal-Yanni et al. Oxfam and Health Action International, Europe, October 2009 32 pp. 666 kB: http://haiweb.org/20102009/OxfamHAIReportTradingAwayAccess toMedicines.pdf According to this report the European Union is contradicting world trade rules by putting the interests of big drug companies before the 2 billion people in the world who cannot access essential medicines. The EU is pushing a range of Intellectual Property measures that would support the commercial interests of the pharmaceutical industry, while damaging the opportunities for innovation and access to medicines in developing countries. ***

Essential Medicines Monitor, Issue 1 - October 2009 Editors: Hans V. Hogerzeil, Richard Laing and Kathleen Hurst World Health Organization 8 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/publications/monitor/EMM_Is sue_1_2009.pdf The Essential Drugs Monitor is a key information and advocacy tool about essential HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 15

medicines for health policy-makers, health personnel, donors, academics, NGOs and other health advocates. With its focus on developing and transitional countries, it brings an international perspective to medicines issues, stimulating discussion and sharing experiences on core areas of work.

Food and Nutrition Who’s Really Fighting Hunger? ActionAid's HungerFREE Scorecard Investigates why a Billion People are Hungry by by Swati Narayan, Jo Walker, Kim Trathen et al. ActionAid International, October 2009 92 pp. 1.7 MB: http://www.actionaid.org/docs/hungerfree_scorecards.pdf Over one billion people – a sixth of humanity - don’t have enough to eat. Almost a third of the world’s children are growing up malnourished. This is perhaps one of the most shameful achievements of recent history, since there is no good reason for anyone to go hungry in today’s world. ***

2009 Global Hunger Index The Challenge of Hunger: Focus on Financial Crisis and Gender inequality by Klaus von Grebmer, Bella Nestorova, Agnes Quisumbing et al. Welthungerhilfe, International Food Policy Research Institute and Concern Worldwide 56 pp. 2.7 MB: http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi09.pdf The Global Hunger Index (GHI) shows that worldwide progress in reducing hunger remains slow. The 2009 global GHI has fallen by only one quarter from the 1990 GHI. Southeast Asia, the Near East and North Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean have reduced hunger significantly since 1990, but the GHI remains distressingly high in South Asia, which has made progress since 1990, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, where progress has been marginal. ***

A Billion Hungry People Governments and aid agencies must rise to the challenge Oxfam Briefing Paper 127, January 2009 34 pp. 274 kB: http://www.oxfamamerica.org/files/a-billion-hungry-people.pdf High food prices have brought into sharp focus an existing global food crisis that affects almost one billion people. Lasting solutions to the problem include adequate investment in agriculture, fairer trade, the redistribution of resources, and action on climate change. But hungry people cannot be fed on the hope of long-term solutions. Governments, HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 16

supported by aid agencies and donors, must act now to provide systematic emergency assistance and longer-term support to that in need ***

Right to Food and Nutrition Watch 2009 by Flavio Luiz Schieck Valente, Martin Wolpold-Bosien, Maarten Immink et al. Brot für die Welt, ICCO and FIAN International, October 2009 76 pp. 638 kB: http://www.fian.org/resources/documents/rtfn-watch/right-tofood-and-nutrition-watch-2009/pdf The 2009 edition of the Right to Food and Nutrition Watch focuses on the question of "Who controls the governance of the world food system?" For the first time in history, the number of undernourished people in the world has surpassed the tragic figure of 1 billion. The gap between promises and reality is increasing as the international community and national governments are far from realising the World Food Summit targets to halve the proportion of chronically hungry people in the world by the year 2015. ***

Road map To End Global Hunger by Alliance for Global Food Security, Alliance to End Hunger, Bread for the World et al., October 2009 24 pp. 4.6 MB: http://www.actioncenter.org/files/RoadmaptoEndGlobalHunger.pdf The Roadmap to End Global Hunger and the legislation will set forth a comprehensive and strategic plan that addresses world hunger in the short, intermediate and long term. This approach seeks to increase funding for key interventions needed to alleviate global hunger and ensure better coordination among existing programmes.

Social Security Microfinance in Africa: Bringing Financial Services to Africa’s Poor by Kristin Helmore, Sybil Chidiac, Lauren Hendricks CARE International, ACCESS Africa, 2009 143 pp. 3.0 MB: http://www.care.org/getinvolved/advocacy/accessafrica/pdf/access_africa_sos_report.pdf?s_subsrc=MicrofinanceReport2009

The report shows that CARE village savings and loan associations (VSLAs) are giving women at the very bottom of the world's economic ladder the means and confidence to build more prosperous futures for themselves and their families. Nearly four decades of global microfinance experience have shown us that when poor people – primarily women – have access to basic financial services, they can change their lives and build stronger communities.

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 17

Human Resources Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda by Joseph B Babigumira, Barbara Castelnuovo, Mohammed Lamorde et al. BMC Health Services Research 2009, 9:192 (21 October 2009) 23 pp. 146 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-9-192.pdf Lower-income countries face severe health worker shortages. Recent evidence suggests that this problem can be mitigated by task-shifting - delegation of aspects of health care to less specialized health workers. The authors estimated the potential impact of task shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and physician supply in Uganda and conclude that task-shifting results in substantial cost and physician personnel savings in ART follow-up in Uganda and can contribute to mitigating the heath worker crisis.

Health Systems & Research Operational research in low-income countries: what, why, and how? by Rony Zachariah, Anthony D Harries, Nobukatsu Ishikawa et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 9, Issue 11, pp. 711-717, November 2009 7 pp. 107 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309909702294.pdf?i d=40bade4753939e7f:408e13e2:12477434d29:3e071256135947988 Operational research is increasingly being discussed at institutional meetings, donor forums, and scientific conferences, but limited published information exists on its role from a disease-control and programme perspective. The authors suggest a definition of operational research, clarify its relevance to infectious-disease control programmes, and describe some of the enabling factors and challenges for its integration into programme settings. ***

Designing impact evaluations: different perspectives by Robert Chambers, Dean Karlan, Martin Ravallion, and Patricia Rogers The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), July 2009 34 pp. 230 kB: http://www.3ieimpact.org/admin/pdfs_papers/50.pdf The starting point for an evaluation is to ask why it is being conducted, who will benefit, and what impact the evaluation will itself have, and how. Well designed and facilitated, participatory methods open studies to the voices of those most affected by a project in a ways not possible using more conventional methods and can make the realities and experiences of poor people count more. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 18

Impact Evaluation: How to institutionalize evaluation? The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), October 2009 4 pp. 86 kB: http://api.ning.com/files/H91MFcO0Vaa8ucd0smkw7*lP9w0lMtBKjHBQNaNXvUbTci4YzdcTDL770 RqsYYdd7Mj6IYJNYuEvzGTGlhYO7xfVLoUgjuOg/101Howtoinstitutionalizeevaluation.pdf

How do we ensure that a government does not spend money on policies that do not work and that social interventions are instead based in solid evidence? This brief draws lessons from the experience of countries which have taken steps to institutionalize evaluation to better inform policy. ***

Estimating average inpatient and outpatient costs and childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea treatment costs in an urban health centre in Zambia by Lumbwe Chola and Bjarne Robberstad Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2009, 7:16 (21 October 2009) 24 pp. 173 kB: http://www.resource-allocation.com/content/pdf/1478-7547-7-16.pdf This paper measures the health system costs of providing inpatient and outpatient services, and also the costs associated with treating pneumonia and diarrhoea in underfive children at a health centre in Zambia. The cost per out-patient visit for under-five pneumonia was US$ 48, while the cost per bed day was US$ 215. The cost per outpatient visit attributed to under-five diarrhoea was US$ 26, and the cost per bed day was US$ 78. The study findings are useful and applicable in similar settings, and can be used in cost effectiveness analyses of health interventions. ***

HIV and AIDS Programs - How they Support Health System Strengthening by Carlos Avila, Natalie Menser, William McGreevey Result For Development Institute, 2009 40 pp. 402 kB: http://www.resultsfordevelopment.org/sites/default/files/resources/HIV%20and%20AIDS%20Progra ms%20-%20How%20they%20Support%20Health%20System%20Strengthening.pdf

Funding for disease-specific interventions or programs have traditionally been channeled vertically, however with the growing recognition of the role of strong health systems to effectively implement these programs has caused many funders to explore how funding can be used to improve service delivery in weak health systems.

Information & Communication Technology Information & Communication Technologies for Women’s Socioeconomic Empowerment Samia Melhem, Claudia Morrell and Nidhi Tandon World Bank Working Paper 176, June 2009 ISBN 13: 978 0 8213 8133 5 HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 19

96 pp. 1.6 MB: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/282822-1208273252769/ICTs_for_Womens_Socio_Economic_Empowerment.pdf

The purpose of this report is to provide the reader with an overview of some of the issues relating to women and information and communication technology (ICT) in the developing world in contrast to the developed world. Where possible, men’s engagement will be added also as a contrast, but the focus of this working paper is on women, not gender. ***

Open Distance Learning in the Developing World: Trends, Progress and Challenges by N Barney Pityana 23rd ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education, June 2009 18 pp. 115 kB: http://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/about/principle/docs/ICDEMaastricht250609.pdf The report provides information on the trends, progress and challenges of open and distance learning in the developing world. Distance education in the developing world may not be the answer to higher education problems in all respects. Rather what it holds up is a promise to bring those on the periphery of society within the net of opportunity through enhancement of talent and capacities.

Education Education International CEART Report 2009 Education International (EI), September 2009 Joint ILO/UNESCO Committee of Experts on the Application of the Recommendations concerning Teaching Personnel (CEART) 40 pp. 837 kB: http://www.acei.org/2009_EIReporttoCEART_en.pdf This report addresses key issues pertaining to the teachers and higher-education teaching personnel namely: teacher shortage, teachers’ qualifications, working conditions and salaries, consultations with teacher organisations, preparation for the teaching profession and continuing professional development, academic freedom, collegial governance, security of employment and tenure for teachers, safe school environments and HIV/AIDS. ***

Debt Swaps for Education United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), October 2009 5 pp. 194 kB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001849/184906e.pdf Debt-for-education swaps can be broadly defined as the cancellation of external debt in exchange for the debtor government’s commitment to mobilize domestic resources for HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 20

education spending. The concept of debt-for-education swaps belongs to a broader category of so-called debt-for-development swaps, arrangements that are designed to divert public resources from debt service to spending for development. ***

The State of Learning Disabilities 2009 by Candace Cortiella The National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD), 2009 32 pp. 1.3 MB: http://www.ncld.org/images/stories/OnCapitolHill/PolicyRelatedP ublications/stateofld/stateofld2009.pdf This report provides information on the status of individuals with Learning Disability (LD) and a data-based perspective of LD in the context of education reform. It is offered to policy makers, education professionals, media, parents and others to ensure that there is access to key LD data and expand awareness about what LD is and who the condition impacts. ***

Review On: The Education Sector Response to HIV & AIDS in Nepal by Tap Raj Pant, Shashi Dev Shah, Paul Bennell et al. UNESCO Kathmandu, Nepal, April 2009 64 pp. 1.3 MB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001850/185007e.pdf This study intended to review all the efforts made in the education sector in order to prevent, manage, and mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS in Nepal. But we have no evidence on what the education sector has done to prevent HIV and mitigate its impact. To what level the education sector itself has been impacted by HIV and AIDS is also not known. Questions are often raised about what pedagogical and other approaches are being taken, and to what extent those approaches meet the needs of adolescents, teachers and Ministry of Education (MOE) staff. ***

Secondary Education in India: Universalizing Opportunity by Kin Bing Wu, Sam Carlson, Deepa Sankar et al. The World Bank, Human Development Unit, South Asia Region, January 2009 26 pp. 496 kB: http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/ 05/18/000333037_20090518003954/Rendered/PDF/485210v20SR0wh10Box338913B0 1PUBLIC1.pdf The report highlights the significance of secondary education in breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty and in determining the country’s economic growth. It recommends the use of innovative technologies and public-private partnership model for facilitating higher education in India. HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 21

Intégration pédagogique des TIC en Afrique : Stratégies d’action et pistes de réflexion Pedagogical Use of ICT: Teaching and Reflecting Strategies Thierry Karsenti (dir.) International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada, 2009; ISBN: 978-2-9811100-0-8 193 pp. 843 kB: http://crdi.crifpe.ca/karsenti/docs/livre.pdf Africa must find its path from teaching technology to teaching with technology: This is what the author contends based upon the findings of a recent study he conducted in 120 schools on the Continent. ***

Indicators for Education Sector HIV Response Programmes: A review of existing resources by Mohini Venkatesh, Michael Beasley, Justine Sass et al. UNAIDS IATT on Education Indicators Working Group, September, 2009 79 pp. 508 kB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001850/185003e.pdf The review found that many internationally-agreed process and outcome indicators, which are already in use as part of education or HIV programmes, are relevant to sector-specific responses. These indicators should be prioritised over other indicators which may be similar but do not have international approval. The indicators may either be used directly or modified to measure sector-specific outputs and outcomes in the proposed M&E framework.

Harm Reduction and Drug Use United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Annual Report 2009 by Raggie Johansen and Alun Jones United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2009 58 pp. 2.7 MB: http://www.unodc.org/documents/about-unodc/AR09_LORES.pdf Over the past few years, drug use and production have stabilized. Still, there are too many illicit drugs in the world, too many people suffering from addiction, and too much crime and violence associated with the drugs trade. This Annual Report provides an overview of what UNODC is doing to address the threat posed by drugs and crime. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 22

Development Assistance EDCTP: a genuine north-south partnership by Charles S. Mgone and Waley Salami Tropical Medicine and International Health, Vol. 14 No 11 pp. 13271328, November 2009 2 pp. 46 kB: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/fulltext/122647923/PDFSTART The European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) was founded in 2003 in response to the overwhelming global burden caused by the three main diseases of poverty namely HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. It is a partnership between European and sub-Saharan African states that work closely with third parties to accelerate research and development of new or improved interventions against these diseases and generally improve the quality of clinical research in Africa. ***

Better Faster More - Implementing EC External Aid 2004-2009 European Communities, 2009; ISBN: 978-92-79-12350-4 44 pp. 2.9 MB: http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/infopoint/publications/europeaid/do cuments/europeaid_better-faster-more_en.pdf This brochure provides an overview of how the European Commission implemented EU aid programmes and projects managed by EuropeAid and the EC Delegations with partners from 2004 to 2009. It also highlights current and future challenges (Aid effectiveness, MDGs…) to deliver even better, faster and more development assistance. ***

GTZ Health Section – Profile by Wolfhard Hammer, Anne Frisch, Gabi Gahn et al. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Division 43: Health, Education, Social Protection, 2009 16 pp. 3.0 MB: http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-socialprotection-news-notes/web/gtz-healt-section-profile.pdf This profile of the GTZ Health Section responds to a need that was identified in internal discussions and confirmed through dialogue with external experts. Its three main objectives are:  to illustrate what we do and what we can do;  look into the future and outline the competences we have to develop and shape in the coming years, and in so doing,  explain how we intend to respond to our clients’ current and future needs. *** HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 23

Global health funding: how much, where it comes from and where it goes by David McCoy, Sudeep Chand and Devi Sridhar Health Policy Planning 2009; 24(6): 407-417 11 pp. 151 kB: http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-social-protection-newsnotes/web/HPP%20McCoy%20Global%20Health%20funding.pdf This paper describes the state of global heath finance, taking into account government and private sources of finance, and raises and discusses a number of policy issues related to global health governance. Among the findings are that the volume of official development assistance for health is frequently inflated; and that data on private sources of global health finance are inadequate but indicate a large and important role of private actors. The fragmented, complicated, messy and inadequately tracked state of global health finance requires immediate attention. ***

Development aid: The funding challenge Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Observer No. 272, April 2009 Read online at: http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/2866/Development_ aid:_The_funding_challenge.html In 2008, total net official development assistance (ODA) from OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) countries rose by 10.2% in real terms to US$ 119.8 billion. This is the highest annual aid figure ever recorded, representing 0.3% of members’ combined gross national income. While good news in a crisis - how can the trend be maintained? ***

The Evolution and Future of Donor Assistance for AIDS by Kammerle Schneider and Laurie Garrett Result For Development Institute, 2009 31 pp. 346 kB: http://www.resultsfordevelopment.org/sites/default/files/resources/The%20Evoluti on%20and%20Future%20of%20Donor%20Assistance%20for%20AIDS.pdf Donor assistance for AIDS is a primary source of funding in developing countries. The economic crisis and subsequent reduction in donor funding has shown the inherent vulnerabilities of relying on these funds. This paper examines future of donor assistance and policy options that can be put in place now to reduce these vulnerabilities. ***

Aid works by Nicki Flynn and Michael Doorly Concern Active Citizenship Unit, September 2009

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 24

4 pp. 278 kB: http://www.concern.net/sites/concern.net/files/Aid.pdf The overall aim of aid is to improve the welfare of citizens of developing countries and promote economic development in order to reduce suffering and eliminate poverty throughout the world. Development or Overseas Aid is a broad term that describes assistance given to developing countries. It comes from a number of sources and is used for a variety of purposes. ***

Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Private Sector Development Richard Manning, Albena Melin, Cerstin Sander Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), 2006 88 pp. 823 kB: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/63/36427804.pdf This report focuses on a number of key issues: removing barriers to formalization, implementing competition policy, promoting the supply-side response, the financial sector’s contribution to pro-poor growth, enhancing women’s market access and constructing inclusive public-private dialogue. This report aims to help donors increase the impact of their private sector development programmes on poverty reduction. ***

Herding in Aid Allocation by Emmanuel Frot and Javier Santiso OECD Development Centre, July 2009 46 pp. 2.0 MB: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/17/11/43327627.pdf This article attempts to measure herding behaviour in the allocation of foreign aid, proposing different indexes that try to capture the specific features of aid allocation. The authors chose to use two measures initially developed in finance and adapted them to the specifics of foreign aid. However, the different estimates all reject the hypothesis of no herding. ***

Group of Eight: Foreign Aid to the Developing World Update by Chris Coey Harvard Model Congress Europe 2009 6 pp. 75 kB: http://www.hmceurope.org/2010/docs/updates/G8_foreign_aid_update.pdf

The effectiveness of monetary aid is passionately disputed. This report provides information on the different methods through which foreign aid is used. It also enlists the variety of initiatives taken in order to provide aid to the needy. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 25

Commitment to Development Index 2009 Center for Global Development, October 2009 6 pp. 1.6 MB: http://www.cgdev.org/files/1423075_file_CDI2009_FINAL_web.pdf Rich and poor countries are linked in many ways by foreign aid, commerce, migration, the environment, and military affairs. The Commitment to Development Index (CDI) rates 22 rich countries on how much they help poor countries build prosperity, good government, and security. Each rich country gets scores in seven policy areas, which are averaged for an overall score. For the details of the 2009 CDI, see “The Commitment to Development Index: 2009 Edition” by David Roodman, available at: http://www.cgdev.org/section/initiatives/_active/cdi/ ***

Case Study on Aid Effectiveness in Tajikistan by Rustam Aminjanov, Matin Kholmatov and Firuz Kataev Wolfensohn Center for Development, Working Paper 13, October 2009 85 pp. 1.4 MB: http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2009/10_aid_t ajikistan_aminjanov/10_aid_tajikistan_aminjanov.pdf The objective of the study is to raise awareness about different dimensions of aid fragmentation, volatility and associated costs to help define the way to better coordinate official development assistance and private aid flows in Tajikistan. This study is targeted for development practitioners, government officials and all development partners focusing on aid effectiveness. ***

On the Non-Contractual Nature of Donor-Recipient Interaction in Development Assistance by S. Mansoob Murshed Review of Development Economics, 13(3), 416-428, 2009 13 pp. 114 kB: http://www.iss.nl/content/download/17203/163148/file/rode_499.pdf This paper analyses the interaction between aid donors and recipients from various angles. The author states that it is usually assumed that the recipient of aid is solely responsible for exerting effort that makes aid effective but donors can also exercise effort aimed at improving aid utilisation through their delegated agencies like consultancy firms and NGOs which monitor accountability.

Others Health Situation in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2009 Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / World Health Organization (WHO), 2009

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 26

12 pp. 1.7 MB: http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=3050&Itemid

Chronic non-communicable diseases currently are reaching epidemic proportions in the Americas and are contributing substantially to overall mortality and disease burden in the Region. The purpose of this publication is to call the attention of the general public and the governments of the Americas to an exploratory analysis of the relationship between premature mortality due to cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) and potential socioeconomic inequality determinants at the ecological level. ***

European Perspectives on Global Health: A Policy Glossary Edited by Ilona Kickbusch and Graham Lister European Foundation Centre, AISBL, 2006 72 pp. 987 kB: http://www.globalhealtheurope.org/images/stories/PDF_Links/EFC_EPGH_Glob alHealthGlossary-1.pdf This policy glossary is intended to encourage foundations and other European institutions to play a more active role in global health. It is designed to inform policy deliberations in the wider political, economic and social spheres, setting out the challenges of global health and laying the groundwork for coordinated, cross-sector European action. ***

Outcome Mapping: a realistic alternative for planning, monitoring and evaluation by Harry Jones and Simon Hearn Overseas Development Institute Background Note, October 2009 4 pp. 114 kB: http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4118.pdf Outcome Mapping (OM) is an approach to planning, monitoring, and evaluating social change initiatives developed by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) in Canada. At a practical level, OM is a set of tools and guidelines that steer project or programme teams through an iterative process to identify their desired change and to work collaboratively to bring it about.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES Open Access Week In recognition of Open Access Week (http://www.openaccessweek.org), ProCor is highlighting a range of open-access resources at: http://www.procor.org/news/news_show.htm?doc_id=1052068 These materials are freely available to anyone with access to the internet. While open HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 27

access does not solve the issue of the digital divide - people without internet access cannot directly access these resources - it does increase access in some regions, and allows people with access to download and then share resources with others through local interpersonal networks. The quality and quantity of open-access resources has increased enormously over the past several years and these resources are enormously popular and useful to people in developed and developing countries alike. ***

Database of National HIV Treatment Guidelines from 24 Countries http://www.aidstar-one.com/treatment-documents AIDSTAR-One has developed a database of documents related to treatment of HIV and AIDS from various experts in the field as well as governments and international health organizations. The database is updated on an ongoing basis and includes national HIV and AIDS treatment guidelines, technical briefs, case studies and other related materials. Country guidelines can be viewed online or downloaded in PDF format. ***

PRB’s World Population Data Sheet now searchable in DataFinder http://www.prb.org/DataFinder.aspx Population Reference Bureau’s 2009 World Population Data Sheet is now searchable in DataFinder. Create maps, charts, and tables of all the population, health, and environment data in this year’s data sheet by country or world region, or for the world as a whole. PRB’s DataFinder contains 750 demographic variables in two databases: A United States database of 579 variables (for each state and the District of Columbia); and a global database of 171 variables for 209 countries, plus world regions and the world as a whole). ***

Now online: all official EU publications since 1952! http://www.bookshop.europa.eu EU Bookshop is an online service giving access to publications from the EU institutions, agencies and other bodies. In addition to the online bookshop, this service will offer an online catalogue and archive of all EU publications. ***

Euro Observer - Vol. 11, No. 3 on Mental Health The Health Policy Bulletin of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies 16 pp. 333 kB: http://www.euro.who.int/Document/Obs/EuroObserver%20Autumn%202009_web.pdf This issue presents case studies on early identification of mental health problems; active primary care engagement; support for carers; rehabilitation / return to normal role; coordination of health and social care; anti-stigma measures; balance of care; mental health promotion; and suicide prevention. HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 28

Youth InfoNet 61 – October 2009 http://www.youthwg.org/pubs/YouthInfoNet/YIN61.shtml This issue of the monthly e-newsletter on youth reproductive health and HIV prevention features 13 programme resources with Web links, and 14 journal article summaries on research from Brazil, China, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, and Zambia.

INTERESTING WEB SITES Global HIV M&E Information http://www.globalhivmeinfo.org/Pages/HomePage.aspx This Web site is designed for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) specialists supporting HIV/AIDS initiatives in countries, headquarters, regional organizations, etc. Development and maintenance of this Web site is a collaborative effort led by US Government Agencies and UNAIDS with input from the other international partner agencies. It provides a powerful one-stop shop for global HIV/AIDS monitoring and evaluation (M&E)-related information. ***

Ipas Medical Abortion Web portal http://www.ipas.org/Topics/Medical_Abortion.aspx Medical abortion, a safe and effective technology that uses pills to end a pregnancy, is a non-invasive method that is promising for women for whom cost, distance or other factors are barriers to obtaining other safe services. Ipas’s Medical Abortion Portal is designed to inform visitors about medical abortion and Ipas’s initiative to introduce and expand access to it, which includes training and service, research, community engagement, building partnerships, and policy efforts. ***

Malaria Map Application http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/map/ The CDC Malaria Map Application is an interactive map which provides information on malaria endemicity throughout the world. Users can search or browse countries, provinces, cities, and place names, get information about malaria in that particular location, and see recommended medications for malaria prevention for that area. ***

AIDS and Law Exchange (AIDSLEX) http://www.aidslex.org/english/Home-Page/ AIDSLEX is an online resource and a tool for activists, community orHESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 29

ganizations, researchers, policy-makers, journalists, health workers and anyone who seek quick and easy access to a wide range of resources about HIV, human rights and the law. It helps people around the world communicate and share information, materials and strategies, with the ultimate goal of contributing to a global effort to protect and promote the human rights of people living with or vulnerable to HIV and AIDS.

TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES Online course: Introduction to Health Systems http://www.futurehealthsystems.org/health%20systems%20course/hscindex.htm This is a 10 unit short course developed by David Bishai of Johns Hopkins University and the Health Systems Board under the sponsorship of Future Health Systems. The goal is to familiarize students with the syndromic study of health systems. ***

Health Economics for Pharmaceutical Personnel 1st - 2nd December, 2009 Healthcare Education Services, London, United Kingdom Course Content: What is health economics?, data and sources of information, measuring outcomes, measuring costs, cost effectiveness analysis and modelling, economic evaluation, critical appraisal of health economic evaluation studies, when to begin thinking about health economics, role in providing healthcare. Target Audience: Medical and non-medical staff within the pharmaceutical industry, clinical research, medical information, regulatory affairs, biometrics and strategic marketing personnel. Fees: GBP 1,775 For more information contact: Tel.: +44-1727-738-540, Fax: +44-1727-836-008 mailto:[email protected] or see: http://www.healthcare-ed.com/courses/health_economics.htm For more courses and conferences see also: http://www.going-international.at/index.php?lang=EN ***

E-learning course: Basics of Health Economics Duration and Course Load: 5 Weeks - 8 to 10 hours per week Dates: 18 November - 22 December, 2009 Application Deadline: 4 November 2009 Participants: (Health) Professionals Course Fee: US$ 200 Organizers: The World Bank Institute HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 30

Language: English only General course contact: Jo Hindriks [email protected] For more information please go to: http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/healthandaids/elearning

CONFERENCES Geneva Health Forum: Toward Global Access to Health Third Edition: 'Globalization, Crisis and Health Systems: Confronting Regional Perspectives' 19 - 21 April 2010: Call for abstracts The Geneva Health Forum: Towards Global Access to Health is a joint initiative launched by the Geneva University Hospitals and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva in partnership with the several international organizations active in health in Geneva and around the world. It brings together a diverse range of actors involved in global health - from field workers to policy-makers. The Forum and the Platform together form a developing global network for international and inter-sectoral dialogue, which has the vision of facilitating the strengthening of health systems and basic health services, striving to keep global access to health on the international agenda. For more information see: http://www.ghf10.org/

CARTOON

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 31

TIPS & TRICKS Full Screen Browser If you would like to see more web page and less web browser toolbars, here is a little trick you will like. Hit the F11 key. It will put you into “full screen” mode. Hit F11 again to go back to normal mode. This works in Internet Explorer, Firefox Opera and Google Chrome. ***

Run programmes in maximized Windows Did you ever have a programme that always starts in a ‘normal’ state but you really want it maximized? Well, here is a little trick to help you do just that with a quick shortcut editing. Note: although this seems to work on most programmes, sometimes you will run across a programme that just won't cooperate. 1. First, right-click the shortcut to the programme and select ‘Properties’. 2. Under the Shortcut tab, you will see a drop box labelled ‘Run’. In that box, you will find options to run the programme as either ‘Normal’ (it starts up at its default size), ‘Minimized’ (it starts up minimized to the toolbar), or ‘Maximized’ (it starts up full screen). Select the start-up state you want and you are all set. Best regards, Dieter Neuvians MD

HESP-News & Notes - 22/2009 - page 32