Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 24/2009

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 24/2009 A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) 14 November 2009 You can download back issues (2005 - 2009) of this newsletter at: http://hiv-prg.org/en/newsletters

Table of Contents: NEWS FROM THE GERMAN BACKUP INITIATIVE .......... 4 German BACKUP Initiative Newsletter Issue No. 9, November 2009 .................................... 4

BOOKS ................................................................................ 4 Diseases of Children in the Subtropics and Tropics ............................................................... 4 Because I am a Girl: The State of the World's Girls 2009....................................................... 4 Malnutrition in Infants and Young Children in Latin America and the Caribbean: Achieving the Millennium-Development Goals ........................................................................................ 5 Digital Medicine - Health Care in the Internet Era................................................................... 5 African Statistical Yearbook - Annuaire Statistique pour l'Afrique, 2009 ................................ 5 Sustainable Urbanization in the Information Age .................................................................... 6

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 6 HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 6 Critical Choices in Financing the Response to the Global HIV/AIDS Pandemic .................... 6 Punishing Success? - Early Signs of a Retreat from Commitment to HIV / AIDS Care and Treatment ................................................................................................................................ 6 Twenty-Five Years of HIV: Lessons for Low Prevalence Scenarios....................................... 7 The Columbia University Handbook on HIV and AIDS ........................................................... 7 Achieving Universal Access - the UK’s strategy for halting and reversing the spread of HIV in the developing world............................................................................................................ 7 New Paradigms of First-Line HIV Therapy: Determining When (and With What) to Start...... 8 Improving the coverage of the PMTCT programme through a participatory quality improvement intervention in South Africa ............................................................................... 8 Journal of the International AIDS Society: Special theme on HIV and disability .................... 8 Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV in PMTCT and Care and Treatment Programs ................................................................................................................................. 8 Secret Lovers Kill: A National Mass Media Campaign to Address Multiple and Concurrent Partnerships ............................................................................................................................ 9 Reporting Manual on HIV/AIDS .............................................................................................. 9

Sexual & Reproductive Health ................................................................................... 10 UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting ........................... 10 From Inception to Large Scale: The Geração Biz Programme in Mozambique ................... 10 Sexual & Reproductive Health and HIV ................................................................................ 10 Talking about sex: Using youth language in sexuality education ......................................... 11 Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings .................. 11 Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations .......................................................................... 11 A Journalist's Guide to Sexual and Reproductive Health in East Africa ............................... 11

Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................. 12 Women and Health: Today’s Evidence Tomorrow’s Agenda................................................ 12 Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A Survival and Development Priority .. 12 Child Well-Being in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: A Multidimensional Approach ......... 12

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Child Well-Being at a Crossroads: Evolving challenges in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States ........................................................................... 13 Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia (GAPP) ................................... 13 Development and Implementation of a National Programme for the Management of Severe and Very Severe Pneumonia in Children in Malawi.............................................................. 13 Impact Monitoring of the National Scale Up of Zinc Treatment for Childhood Diarrhea in Bangladesh: Repeat Ecologic Surveys ................................................................................. 14 Feeling the Heat: Child Survival in a Changing Climate ....................................................... 14

Malaria........................................................................................................................ 14 Artemether-Lumefantrine versus Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Falciparum Malaria: A Longitudinal, Randomized Trial in Young Ugandan Children ............................................... 14 Possible Interruption of Malaria Transmission, Highland Kenya, 2007-2008 ....................... 15 Two treatments, one disease: childhood malaria management in Tanga, Tanzania............ 15

Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................... 15 Adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial comparing two dosing schedules ................................................................................... 15 New Policies, New Technologies: Modelling the Potential for Improved Smear Microscopy Services in Malawi................................................................................................................. 16

Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 16 Turning Neglected Tropical Diseases into Forgotten Maladies ............................................ 16 Clinical and laboratory features that distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses in endemic populations ............................................................................................................. 16

Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 17 Partnering For Global Health ................................................................................................ 17 Intellectual Property Rights and Access to ARV Medicines: Civil Society Resistance in the Global South.......................................................................................................................... 17 Impact of the EU-Andean Trade Agreements on Access to Medicines in Peru ................... 17

Social Security............................................................................................................ 18 Implementing Cash-Based Interventions .............................................................................. 18 Unveiling Social Safety Nets ................................................................................................. 18 DFID Social Transfers Evaluation Summary Report............................................................. 18 Can Microfinance Reduce Economic Insecurity and Poverty? By How Much and How? .... 18 Scaling Up Global Social Health Protection: Prerequisite Reforms to the International Monetary Fund ...................................................................................................................... 19

Human Resources...................................................................................................... 19 Quest for Quality: Interventions to Improve Human Resources for Health among FaithBased Organisations ............................................................................................................. 19 Changing roles and responses of health care workers in HIV treatment and care............... 20 The role of community health workers in improving child health programmes in Mali.......... 20 Policies and Incentives for Health Worker Retention in East and Southern Africa: Learning from Country Research ......................................................................................................... 20

Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 21 Performance Based Financing for Health: Lessons from sub-Saharan Africa ..................... 21 How health systems in sub-Saharan Africa can benefit from tuberculosis and other infectious disease programmes ............................................................................................ 21 How AIDS Funding Strengthens Health Systems ................................................................. 21 Japan: Health System Review .............................................................................................. 22 Achieving Higher Performance: Enhancing Spending Efficiency in Health and Education in Mexico ................................................................................................................................... 22 Components of a strong health information system.............................................................. 22

Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 23 HealthDev.net: A user guide for innovative social networking on HIV and TB ..................... 23 Cell Phone Application Enables Efficient Data Collection in Remote Areas......................... 23 Remote sensing for natural disasters.................................................................................... 23 South Asian Disaster Knowledge Network (SADKN) Portal Guidelines Report, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Disaster Management Centre................... 23 Explaining International IT Application Leadership: Health IT .............................................. 24

Education ................................................................................................................... 24 Biological Sciences & HIV and AIDS .................................................................................... 24 Out in School: Talking about sexual orientation and challenging homophobia .................... 24 Global Synthesis of the Findings of UNESS Documents on Education................................ 25

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Review of Contexts and Structures for Education for Sustainable Development 2009 ........ 25 Open Educational Resources: Conversations in Cyberspace .............................................. 25 The Challenges of Free Primary Education in Ethiopia ........................................................ 26 Last in Line, Last in School 2009 .......................................................................................... 26 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings ....................... 26

Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 27 Out of harm’s way - German support for countries reducing the harm of injecting drug use and HIV.................................................................................................................................. 27

Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 27 Achieving the health Millennium Development Goals for South Africa: challenges and priorities ................................................................................................................................. 27 Millennium Development Goals: 2009 Progress Chart ......................................................... 27 Asia Water Watch 2015......................................................................................................... 28

Development Assistance............................................................................................ 28 Euromapping 2009 - Mapping European Development Aid & Population Assistance ......... 28 The Future of Global Health: Ingredients for a Bold & Effective U.S. Initiative..................... 28 Aid Orphans: Whose Responsibility?.................................................................................... 29 The Missing Piece of the Puzzle? The Institutional Importance of CSOs in the Development Effectiveness Agenda............................................................................................................ 29

Others......................................................................................................................... 29 Road Safety - Call for action ................................................................................................. 29 RESIST - Resisting Extortion and Solicitation in International Transactions ........................ 30 South African Statistics, 2009 ............................................................................................... 30

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 30 German Medical Science - Online Portal .............................................................................. 30 Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) ................................................................... 30

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 31 OneLove Regional Campaign ............................................................................................... 31 Knowledge for Health (K4Health).......................................................................................... 31

CONFERENCES................................................................ 31 ENGAGEMENT WELTWEIT 2009 - Commitment to one world ........................................... 31 1st World Conference on the Development of Universal Social Security Systems .............. 32 The Guide to Community Involvement in AIDS 2010 ........................................................... 32

CARTOON ......................................................................... 32 Essen auf Rädern - Meals on Wheels................................................................................... 32

TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 33 No to All ................................................................................................................................. 33 Calendar & Notepad.............................................................................................................. 33 What is a blog?...................................................................................................................... 33

Fair Use: This Newsletter is produced under the principles of 'fair use'. We source relevant news articles, resources and research documents and strive to attribute sources by providing reference and/or direct links to authors and websites. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GTZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes. While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GTZ and the editor of the Newsletter cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies contained in any articles. Please contact [email protected] if you believe that errors are contained in any article and we will investigate and provide feedback.

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NEWS FROM THE GERMAN BACKUP INITIATIVE http://www.gtz.de/backup-initiative

German BACKUP Initiative Newsletter Issue No. 9, November 2009 Quarterly news on developments within the German BACKUP Initiative 5 pp. 65 kB: http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/gtz200911-en-backup-news.pdf The German BACKUP Initiative is a sector programme funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development (BMZ). Since 2002, BACKUP supports partner countries worldwide to take more advantage of funding opportunities provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. While BACKUP initially focused on Global Fund proposal development, it has increasingly shifted its work towards grant implementation support to a large number of government and civil society partners. The BACKUP Newsletter offers you a regular update on developments within the German BACKUP Initiative.

BOOKS Diseases of Children in the Subtropics and Tropics Fourth Edition, 1991 by Paget Stanfield, Martin Brueton, Michael Chan et al. The Global Text Project, funded by the Jacobs Foundation, Zürich, Switzerland, 2008 1092 pp. 28.4 MB(!): http://globaltext.terry.uga.edu/userfiles/pdf/Diseases%20of%20Children.pdf

As in earlier editions, the textbook seeks to provide paediatricians with an up-to-date review of the diseases of children encountered in the tropics, together with their diagnosis and treatment, with particular reference to the practical management of difficult problems facing the busy doctor. The publication is geared to the training of medical students as well as offering a resource for general practitioners, primary health centre doctors, paediatricians and those responsible for the planning and administration of maternal and child health services in the developing world. ***

Because I am a Girl: The State of the World's Girls 2009 Girls in the Global Economy: Adding It All Up by Jonathan Blagbourgh, Ruth Pearson, Marilyn Thomson et al. Plan International, 2009; ISBN: 978-0-9550479-8-5 306 pp. 4.6 MB: http://planinternational.org/files/global/publications/campaigns/BIAAG%202009%205MBx.pdf “Women and girls are disproportionately affected by the current economic crisis. We HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 4

need to ensure that the energy, skills, strength, values and wisdom of women become an integral part of the re-modelled economic infrastructures now being developed by global leaders. Empowering and investing in girls and young women is part of a global solution for us all, now and in the future”. (Graça Machel) ***

Malnutrition in Infants and Young Children in Latin America and the Caribbean: Achieving the Millennium-Development Goals by Chessa K. Lutter, Camila M. Chaparro, Ramon Martinez et al. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 2008 ISBN 978-92-75-12928-9 234 pp. 7.2 MB: http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=do c_download&gid=1204&Itemid=139 Maternal and child malnutrition contributes to more than one-third of child deaths and more than 10% of the total global disease burden. Of the nutrition-related factors for child death, stunting, severe wasting and intrauterine growth restriction constitute the largest risk factor. Therefore, reducing growth retardation in infants and young children is essential to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to child survival (MDG 4) as well as the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger (MDG 1). ***

Digital Medicine - Health Care in the Internet Era by Darrell M. West and Edward Alan Miller Brookings Institution Press 2009, 192 pp. ISBN 978-0-8157-0276-4, Price US$ 34.95 Download sample chapter (18 pp. 107 kB): CHAPTER ONE: The EHealth Revolution http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/Press/Books/2009/digitalmedicin e/digitalmedicine_chapter.pdf Information technology has dramatically changed the way we live our lives in areas ranging from commerce and entertainment to voting. Now, policy advocates and government officials hope to bring the benefits of information technology to health care. Yet despite this growth in activity, the promise of "e-health" remains largely unfulfilled. ***

African Statistical Yearbook - Annuaire Statistique pour l'Afrique, 2009 African Development Bank Group, African Union, Economic Commission for Africa, 2009 389 pp. 4.2 MB: http://www.africaunion.org/root/UA/Annonces/African%20Statistical%20Yearbook%202009%20%2000.%20Full%20Volume.pdf

The 2009 African Statistical Yearbook, the first issue of a series, is a result of joint efHESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 5

forts by major African regional organizations to set up a joint data collection mechanism of socioeconomic data on African countries as well as the development of a common harmonized database. It is expected that the joint collection and sharing of data between regional institutions will promote wider use of country data, reduce costs and significantly improve the quality of the data and lead to better monitoring of development initiatives on the continent. ***

Sustainable Urbanization in the Information Age Edited by Aliye P. Celik, Roxana Zyman and Rafat Mahdi United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2009 188 pp. 2.1 MB: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/gaid/unpan036083.pdf

This book summarizes the presentations and discussions held during the “Forum on Sustainable Urbanization in the Information Age” which took place in May 2008 in New York City. The Forum condensed the views of various sectors, disciplines and municipalities from both developed and developing countries on how we might best engage the challenges and opportunities of sustainable urbanization, including economic, social, ethical and technical goals.

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS HIV - AIDS - STI Critical Choices in Financing the Response to the Global HIV/AIDS Pandemic by Robert Hecht, Lori Bollinger, John Stover et al. Health Affairs, 28, No. 6 (2009): 1591-1605 15 pp. 155 kB: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/28/6/1591.pdf Modelling carried out for the AIDS 2031 project suggests that funding required for developing countries to address the pandemic could reach US$ 35 billion annually by 2031 - three times the current level. However, wise policy choices focusing on high-impact prevention and efficient treatment could cut costs by half. Investments in new prevention tools and major behavior-change efforts are needed to spur more rapid advances. ***

Punishing Success? - Early Signs of a Retreat from Commitment to HIV / AIDS Care and Treatment Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, Médecins Sans Frontières, November 2009 15 pp. 711 kB: http://www.msfaccess.org/fileadmin/user_upload/diseases/hivaids/11-05-REPORT_PunishingSuccess_A4_FINAL.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 6

Rather than looking for ways to leverage and replicate the success of the AIDS public health revolution to improve global health, there are increasing calls for a diversion of foreign aid away from HIV/AIDS and towards other health priorities. While there is clearly a need to give urgent and additional resources to an array of global health priorities, not least maternal and child health, cutting HIV/AIDS funding is not the answer. ***

Twenty-Five Years of HIV: Lessons for Low Prevalence Scenarios by Sharif Sawires, Nina Birnbaum, Laith Abu-Raddad et al. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (JAIDS): July 2009, Volume 51, pp. S75-S82 http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2009/07013/Twenty_Five_Years_of_HIV__ Lessons_for_Low.2.aspx During the initial quarter century since the discovery of HIV, international response has focused on high prevalence scenarios and concentrated epidemics. While examples of rapid HIV diffusion in once low prevalence scenarios exist, emergence of generalized epidemics are less likely for much of the world. This paper reviews several key issues and advances in biomedical and behavioural HIV prevention to date and highlights relevance to low prevalence scenarios. ***

The Columbia University Handbook on HIV and AIDS by Laura Pinsky and Paul Harding Douglas Columbia University, September 2009 116 pp. 3.0 MB: http://www.health.columbia.edu/pdfs/AIDS_HIV_Handbook.pdf The HIV/AIDS handbook is intended for those at risk of HIV infection and people currently living with the virus. Some of the material was previously published as “The Essential AIDS Fact Book” and “The Essential AIDS Treatment Fact Book” by Laura Pinsky and Paul Harding Douglas. ***

Achieving Universal Access - the UK’s strategy for halting and reversing the spread of HIV in the developing world A 2008 Baseline Department for International Development (DFID), 2009 49 pp. 2.6 MB: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-7WGAPM/$file/AchievingUniversal-AccessA-2008-Baseline.pdf?openelement This report provides a snapshot of the AIDS epidemic globally in mid-2008 and a sound basis for implementation of the Strategy as DFID enters the crucial year of 2010; it makes clear the scale of the challenge ahead, the importance of meeting commitments, even in the current economic climate, and the urgent need for a focus on prevention as the only sustainable response to the epidemic.

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New Paradigms of First-Line HIV Therapy: Determining When (and With What) to Start A Podcast Discussion with Eric Daar & Trevor Hawkins The Body PRO, 11 November 2009 Read discussion online at: http://www.thebodypro.com/content/art54342.html?ts=pf Selecting an initial antiretroviral regimen for an HIV-infected patient may seem easier than it has ever been, but it has often been said that the management of HIV/AIDS is more of an art than a science. Although it may be tempting to simply prescribe a single pill and be done with it, there are many factors to take into consideration when choosing antiretroviral therapy, from co-infections and underlying diseases to the potential complications of adherence and HIV drug resistance. ***

Improving the coverage of the PMTCT programme through a participatory quality improvement intervention in South Africa by Tanya Doherty, Mickey Chopra, Duduzile Nsibande et al. BMC Public Health 2009, 9:406 (5 November 2009) 30 pp. 169 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-9-406.pdf Despite several years of implementation, prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes in many resource poor settings are failing to reach the majority of HIV positive women. The authors report on a data driven participatory quality improvement intervention implemented in a high HIV prevalence district in South Africa. It is estimated that these improvements in coverage could avert 580 new infant infections per year in this district. ***

Journal of the International AIDS Society: Special theme on HIV and disability Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 2:1 (9 November 2009) http://www.jiasociety.org/home The field of HIV and disability remains largely overlooked. The Journal of the International AIDS Society is publishing, for the first time, a thematic section consisting of a number of papers on HIV and disability to provide readers with an update of developments in the field. ***

Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV in PMTCT and Care and Treatment Programs Comprehensive Peer Educator Training Curriculum and Implementation Manual by Wafaa El-Sadr, David Hoos, Robin Flam et al. International Center for AIDS Care and Treatment Programs (ICAP), 2009 HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 8

Comprehensive Peer Educator Training Curriculum: Trainer Manual 398 pp. 20.3 MB (!): http://www.columbia-icap.org/resources/peresources/Trainer%20Manual/TM%20Complete%20060309.doc

Comprehensive Peer Educator Training Curriculum: Participant Manual 294 pp. 12.2 MB (!): http://www.columbia-icap.org/resources/peresources/Participant%20Manual/PM%20Complete%20062409.doc

To better support People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their families, to have greater involvement of people living with AIDS (GIPA) and to tackle the human resource demands of HIV care by task-shifting, ICAP, along with Ministries of Health and other local partners, developed innovative peer education programs in numerous countries. For each program, ICAP designed country-specific training curricula, implementation plans and technical support structures. ***

Secret Lovers Kill: A National Mass Media Campaign to Address Multiple and Concurrent Partnerships by Aldo Spina AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources Project, September 2009 13 pp. 348 kB: http://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/AIDSTAROne_Case_Study_Makhwapheni_Uyabulala.pdf Translated as “Secret Lovers Kill”, Makhwapheni Uyabulala was Swaziland’s first national media campaign to focus on the HIV risk of multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships (MCP). The campaign promoted HIV prevention in the country with world’s highest HIV prevalence by broadcasting a powerful message that resonated with the public and encouraged behaviour change. ***

Reporting Manual on HIV/AIDS The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, July 2009 87 pp. 929 kB: http://www.kff.org/hivaids/upload/7124-06.pdf This guide offers a wealth of information on HIV reporting for journalists. It starts with the basics of HIV/AIDS reporting and explains the challenges, sensitivities and importance of quality reporting in this field. There are generous lists of additional resources, as well as a comprehensive glossary; a timeline of the history of HIV; answers to frequently asked questions; an explanation of terms used in antiretroviral therapy and details on commonly-used drugs. The last two chapters focus on tuberculosis and malaria, and elaborate on the interconnectedness of these diseases with HIV/AIDS. ***

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Sexual & Reproductive Health UNFPA-UNICEF Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), December 2008 32 pp. 696 kB: https://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/pu blications/2009/unfpa_unicef_fgmc_report.pdf The goal of the Joint Programme is to contribute to the accelerated abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting in 17 countries in Africa by creating a rapid shift in social norms. This annual report documents achievements, challenges and expenditures in the programme’s first year, and presents recommendations for moving forward. A companion brochure (2 pp. 3.0 MB) provides background information about the issue and the joint programme. ***

From Inception to Large Scale: The Geração Biz Programme in Mozambique by Gwyn Hainsworth, Ivone Zilhão, Rita Badiani et al. World Health Organization and Pathfinder International, November 2009 52 pp. 4.2 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598347_eng.pdf This case study describes how the Government of Mozambique has scaled up its successful youth HIV prevention and sexual and reproductive health programme to a national level. Geared toward developing country governments and NGOs, the case study provides a technical overview of the multi-sectoral programme and its interventions, a detailed description of the scale up process and lessons learned, as well as overall programme achievements. ***

Sexual & Reproductive Health and HIV Linkages: Evidence Review and Recommendations by Caitlin Kennedy, Alicen Spaulding, Gail Kennedy et al. WHO/HIV, UNFPA, IPPF-HIV, UNAIDS, UCSF, 2009 8 pp. 664 kB: http://www.hivandsrh.org/newsletter/WHO_HIV_2009_eng.pdf The importance of linking sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV is widely recognized. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the effectiveness, optimal circumstances, and best practices for strengthening SRH and HIV linkages, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The findings corroborate the many benefits gained from linking SRH and HIV policies, systems and services. ***

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Talking about sex: Using youth language in sexuality education by Chi-Chi Undie, Joanna Crichton & Eliya Zulu Exchange No. 3, 2007 - Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) 3 pp. 93 kB: http://www.kit.nl/net/KIT_Publicaties_output/ShowFile2.aspx?e=1357 This article explains that language shapes the way people think about life and, therefore, influences actions. It proposes that analysing the metaphors young people use while talking about sex can provide valuable insights into the ways in which youth understand sex, sexual behaviour, and sexual relationships. These insights may have untapped potential for enhancing the effectiveness of sexuality education interventions. ***

Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Toolkit for Humanitarian Settings by Brad Kerner, Cecile Mazzacurati, Jennifer Kim et al. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Save the Children, USA, September 2009 92 pp. 3.0 MB: http://unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publicatio ns/2009/adol_toolkit_humanitarian.pdf This Toolkit is intended to guide humanitarian programme managers and healthcare providers to ensure that sexual and reproductive health interventions put into place both during and after a crisis are responsive to the unique needs of adolescents. It is a companion to the Inter-Agency Field Manual on “Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations” (see below). ***

Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations An Inter-agency Field Manual United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 1999 143 pp. 782 kB: http://www.iawg.net/resources/iawg_Field%20Manual_1999.pdf The purpose of the manual is to serve as a tool to facilitate decision-making in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of reproductive health (RH) interventions in refugee and refugee-like situations. It serves to guide field staff in introducing and strengthening RH interventions in refugee situations which are based on the refugees’ needs and demands and with full respect for their beliefs and values. ***

A Journalist's Guide to Sexual and Reproductive Health in East Africa by Deborah Mesce, Lori Ashford and Victoria Ebin Population Reference Bureau (PRB), 2009 46 pp. 1.2 MB: http://www.prb.org/pdf09/eastafricamedia.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 11

This PRB media guide brings together the latest available data on sexual and reproductive health for five East African countries - Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda - to help journalists educate the public and policymakers on these issues.

Maternal & Child Health Women and Health: Today’s Evidence Tomorrow’s Agenda Editors: Carla AbouZahr, Isabelle de Zoysa and Claudia García Moreno World Health Organization, 2009; ISBN 978 92 4 156385 7 108 pp. 3.2 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241563857_eng.pdf Despite considerable progress in the past decades, societies continue to fail to meet the health care needs of women at key moments of their lives, particularly in their adolescent years and in older age. The report provides the latest and most comprehensive evidence available to date on women’s specific needs and health challenges over their entire life-course. ***

Tracking Progress on Child and Maternal Nutrition: A Survival and Development Priority United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), November 2009 ISBN: 978-92-806-4482-1 124 pp. 4.3 MB: http://www.unicef.org/media/files/Tracking_Progress_on_Child_a nd_Maternal_Nutrition_EN_110309.pdf Approximately 200 million children under the age of five in the developing world suffer from stunted growth as a result of chronic maternal and childhood under-nutrition. Stunted growth is a consequence of longer-term poor nutrition in early childhood. Stunting is associated with developmental problems and is often impossible to correct. The good news is that reducing and even eliminating under-nutrition is entirely feasible. ***

Child Well-Being in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: A Multidimensional Approach by Leonardo Menchini, Sheila Marnie and LucaTiberti UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, October 2009 58 pp. 542 kB: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/iwp_2009_20_final.pdf After two decades of transition the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States face an increasingly diverse mix of old and new policy challenges to improving child well-being and realizing children’s rights. This paper proposes a simplified approach which examines five different dimensions of child wellbeing separately, using several indicators for each dimension which allow cross-country comparison. HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 12

Child Well-Being at a Crossroads: Evolving challenges in Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States Innocenti Social Monitor 2009 by Leonardo Menchini, Sheila Marnie, Luca Tiberti et al. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), September 2009; ISBN: 97888-89129-90-6 156 pp. 2.4 MB: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/ism_2009.pdf This study examines the evolving and diverging challenges for the well-being of children after two decades of transition. Following a long period of sustained economic growth and gradual improvements in living standards, the global economic crisis is now threatening to reverse some of the recent positive achievements and plunge households and children into another phase of uncertainty. ***

Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia (GAPP) World Health Organization (WHO) / The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), November 2009 23 pp. 672 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_FCH_CAH_NCH_09.04_eng.pdf

Pneumonia kills 1.8 million children under five years of age every year, more than any other illness, in every region of the world. In spite of its huge toll, relatively few global resources are dedicated to tackling this child killer. In response to this situation the GAPP is to increase awareness of pneumonia as a major cause of child death and spur action to deal more effectively with the problem. ***

Development and Implementation of a National Programme for the Management of Severe and Very Severe Pneumonia in Children in Malawi by Penelope Marjorie Enarson, Robert Gie, Donald A. Enarson, Charles Mwansambo PLoS Med 6(11): e1000137 (10 November 2009) 4 pp. 84 kB: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=A1D1F0CA2BCA3896DBD 2DD0D08933A9F?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000137&representation=PDF

The authors describe the development, scale-up, and achievements of a national pneumonia program in Malawi, which is based on successful anti-tuberculosis service delivery model. Although it has not been possible to compare this approach, which has a substantial vertical component, with a locally integrated approach, the experience in Malawi suggests that this model could help the world achieve Millennium Development Goal 4. ***

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Impact Monitoring of the National Scale Up of Zinc Treatment for Childhood Diarrhea in Bangladesh: Repeat Ecologic Surveys by Charles P. Larson, Unnati Rani Saha, Hazera Nazrul PLoS Med 6(11): e1000175 (3 November 2009) 10 pp. 858 kB: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=A992D35E32FA67CA65C4 94D3937952B1?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000175&representation=PDF

Zinc treatment of childhood diarrhea has the potential to save 400,000 under-five lives per year in lesser developed countries. The aim of this study was to monitor the impact of the first national campaign to scale up zinc treatment of childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh. The authors find that 23 months into a national campaign to scale up zinc treatment for diarrhea only 10% of children with diarrhea in rural areas and 20%-25% in urban/municipal areas were getting the treatment. ***

Feeling the Heat: Child Survival in a Changing Climate by Lydia Baker International Save the Children Alliance, 2009 31 pp. 560 kB: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/lib.nsf/db900sid/AMMF7XGUUB/$file/sc-nov2009.pdf?openelement Climate change is the biggest global health threat to children in the 21st century. Without concerted action, millions of children will be at increased risk from disease, undernutrition, water scarcity, disasters, and the collapse of public services and infrastructure. No one will be immune to the effects of climate change, but one of the largest groups to be affected will be children under the age of five. It is vital that governments and the public understand what is at stake.

Malaria Artemether-Lumefantrine versus Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Falciparum Malaria: A Longitudinal, Randomized Trial in Young Ugandan Children Emmanuel Arinaitwe, Taylor G. Sandison, Humphrey Wanzira et al. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009;49:1629-1637 (1 December 2009) 9 pp. 398 kB: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/647946 Artemisinin-based combination therapies are now widely recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. However, which therapies are optimal is a matter of debate. The authors aimed to compare the short- and longer-term efficacy of 2 leading therapies in a cohort of young Ugandan children. They conclude that artemetherlumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine were both efficacious and had similar long-term effects on the risk of recurrent malaria. *** HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 14

Possible Interruption of Malaria Transmission, Highland Kenya, 2007-2008 by Chandy C. John, Melissa A. Riedesel, Ng’wena G. Magak et al. Emerg Infect Dis, December 2009; [Epub ahead of print] 16 pp. 934 kB: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/15/12/pdfs/09-0627.pdf Highland areas where malaria transmission is unstable are targets for malaria elimination because transmission decreases to low levels during the dry season. The authors show that in such areas, interruption and eventual elimination of malaria transmission may be achievable with widespread annual indoor residual spraying of households and artemisinin combination therapy. ***

Two treatments, one disease: childhood malaria management in Tanga, Tanzania by Deshka Foster and Stacie Vilendrer Malaria Journal 2009, 8:240 (27 October 2009) 26 pp. 141 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-8-240.pdf In the Tanga District of coastal Tanzania, malaria is one of the primary causes of mortality for children under the age of five. While some children are treated with malaria medications in biomedical facilities others receive home-care or treatment from traditional healers. Recognition of malaria is difficult because symptoms can range from the fever with uncomplicated malaria to convulsions with severe malaria. This study explores why caregivers in the district pursue particular courses of action to deal with malaria in their children.

Tuberculosis Adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis among HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial comparing two dosing schedules by Stanzi M le Roux, Mark F Cotton, Jonathan E Golub et al. BMC Medicine 2009, 7:67 (3 November 2009) 37 pp. 253 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1741-7015-7-67.pdf Tuberculosis contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa. Isoniazid prophylaxis can reduce tuberculosis incidence in this population. The authors investigated adherence to isoniazid prophylaxis administered daily, compared to three times a week, and predictors of adherence amongst HIVinfected children. They conclude that intermittent dosing of isoniazid prophylaxis can be considered as an alternative to daily dosing, without compromising adherence or efficacy. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 15

New Policies, New Technologies: Modelling the Potential for Improved Smear Microscopy Services in Malawi by Andrew Ramsay, Luis E. Cuevas, Catherine J. F. Mundy et al. PLoS ONE 4(11): e7760 (10 November 2009) 7 pp. 94 kB: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=2DDCB9B64C281D8A4BC 20253FC1F20C0?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007760&representation=PDF

The study’s objective was to quantify the likely impact of recent WHO policy recommendations regarding smear microscopy and the introduction of appropriate low-cost fluorescence microscopy on case detection and laboratory workload. The authors conclude that combined implementation of the new WHO recommendations and LED-based fluorescence microscopy could result in substantial increases in smear positive casedetection using existing human resources and minimal additional equipment.

Other Infectious Diseases Turning Neglected Tropical Diseases into Forgotten Maladies by Philip Musgrove and Peter J. Hotez Health Affairs, 28, no. 6 (2009): 1691-1706 16 pp. 152 kB: http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/28/6/1691.pdf Because they afflict mostly poor people in poor countries, killing relatively few compared to the many who suffer from severe chronic disabilities, a large cluster of infections deserve the label of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Several NTDs could be controlled or even eliminated within a decade, using integrated, highly cost-effective mass drug administration programs together with nondrug interventions. Research is needed to provide additional means of control for these conditions and make elimination feasible for still others. ***

Clinical and laboratory features that distinguish dengue from other febrile illnesses in endemic populations by James A. Potts and Alan L. Rothman Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 13, Issue 11, pp. 1328-1340 (18 September 2008) 13 pp. 123 kB: http://download.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/fulltext?ID=121412078&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf Clinicians in resource-poor countries need to identify patients with dengue using readilyavailable data. The objective of this systematic review was to identify clinical and laboratory features that differentiate dengue fever (DF) and/or dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) from other febrile illnesses (OFI) in dengue-endemic populations.

HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 16

Essential Medicines Partnering For Global Health by Lisa M. Jarvis Chemical & Engineering News, Vol. 87, Nr. 45, November 9, 2009, pp. 16-22 Read online at: http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/87/8745cover.html Drug companies and nonprofits are taking novel approaches to refill the pipeline of new drugs and vaccines for neglected diseases. As this partnership model evolves, more companies appear ready to take on an active role in researching treatments that will probably never make a profit. But rapid growth in the drug and vaccine pipeline is overshadowed by questions about who is going to pay for the expensive late-stage clinical trials, registration, manufacturing, and distribution of products with no profits. ***

Intellectual Property Rights and Access to ARV Medicines: Civil Society Resistance in the Global South Brazil, Colombia, China, India, Thailand by Grace Keeney, Francisco Viegas Neves da Silva and Marcela Vieira Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association - ABIA, July 2009; ISBN 97885-88684-33-1 164 pp. 2.1 MB: http://www.abiaids.org.br/_img/media/Intellectual_Property_internet.pdf This publication looks at the recent history and the many struggles related to advocacy for access to antiretroviral medicines. Through the experiences of five middle-income countries it presents the perspective of local civil society organisations about the national impact of intellectual property protection and access to medications. These five countries were chosen due to their accumulated experience in this field, their capacity to produce generic medication, their activist efforts, and the exchange of ideas and information that already exists between them. ***

Impact of the EU-Andean Trade Agreements on Access to Medicines in Peru by Miguel Ernesto Cortes Gamba, Edson Meza Cornejo, Iván Rodríguez Bernate Health Action International (HAI) Europe, October 2009 43 pp. 466 kB: http://www.haiweb.org/11112009/ReportIFARMAImpactStudyPeru(EN).pdf

The study evaluates the potential impact on access to medicines in Peru from the intellectual property measures proposed by the European Union (EU) as part of the trade agreement being negotiated between the EU and some Andean countries. It specifically assesses the impact of increasing the effective duration of pharmaceutical patents and test data protection, as proposed by the EU in February 2009. HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 17

Social Security Implementing Cash-Based Interventions A Guideline for Aid Workers Action Contre la Faim (ACF), 2009 216 pp. 2.3 MB: http://www.actionagainsthunger.org/sites/default/files/resources/ publications/ACF-Cash-Based-Intervention-Guidelines_1.pdf This ‘Action Against Hunger’ report is a compilation of case studies and lessons learned from cash-based interventions by ACF and other NGOs. Presented as a guide to implementing such interventions, this detailed document covers both theory and practice. ***

Unveiling Social Safety Nets by Ugo Gentilini and StevenWere Omamo World Food Programme, November 2009 28 pp. 827 kB: http://www.wfp.org/sites/default/files/OP20%20%20Unveiling%20Social%20Safety%20Nets%20-%20English.pdf Interest in safety nets and social protection is growing exponentially. This is encouraging and may help to shed light on some long-standing humanitarian and development challenges. The concept remains controversial, however, and several issues must be clarified. This paper delineates core areas of tension, and lays out key issues underpinning them at the analytical, policy, institutional and implementation level. ***

DFID Social Transfers Evaluation Summary Report by Armando Barrientos, Mark Davies, Stephen Devereux et al. Institute of Development Studies (IDS) Research Reports 60, September 2009; 36 pp. 224 kB: http://www.ids.ac.uk/download.cfm?file=rr60.pdf Over the past few years the Department for International Development (DFID) has increased its efforts to promote social transfers and social protection. The outcomes and impacts of social transfers and social protection schemes and DFID-influencing activities vary greatly relative to the unique conditions that were applied in specific contexts. What has worked well in one context may work very differently under a different set of conditions in another context. ***

Can Microfinance Reduce Economic Insecurity and Poverty? By How Much and How? by Nazrul Islam HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 18

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, October 2009 22 pp. 336 kB: http://www.microfinancegateway.org/gm/document-1.9.40597/04.pdf The paper suggests that, rather than through its narrow, direct financial impact, microfinance may prove to be more potent in reducing insecurity and poverty through its indirect, broader impact conducing to a more egalitarian initial endowment distribution that is necessary for the “take-off” of an equitable growth process. ***

Scaling Up Global Social Health Protection: Prerequisite Reforms to the International Monetary Fund by Gorik Ooms and Rachel Hammonds International Journal of Health Services, Vol. 39, Nr. 4, pp. 795-801, 2009 7 pp. 56 kB: http://users.ox.ac.uk/~chri3110/details/Ooms%2039_4.pdf Historically, the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) fiscal austerity programs have weakened the potential for redistribution both within poor countries and between rich and poor countries. The current development paradigm’s focus on "sustainability" is an obstacle to developing systems of global social protection and an impediment to future progress. Reforming IMF policy conditionality and democratizing the IMF’s decisionmaking processes will be necessary for offsetting growing inequalities in health financing among poor nations.

Human Resources Quest for Quality: Interventions to Improve Human Resources for Health among Faith-Based Organisations Editors Marjolein Dieleman and Thea Hilhorst Cordaid and Royal Tropical Institute, February 2009; ISBN 978-9073726-67-3 116 pp. 2.5 MB: http://www.cordaidpartners.com/uploads/documents/332/original/ Cordaid-Quest-for-Quality.pdf The human resources for health crisis is hitting faith-based Organisations (FBOs) in Africa particularly hard. FBOs run a large number of facilities and are responsible for a considerable part of health care provision, particularly in underserved areas. To keep their facilities running, FBOs have to identify creative ways of recruiting, retaining and motivating their staff. This publication describes and discusses some examples of the rich experiences of FBOs with interventions around human resources for health. ***

HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 19

Changing roles and responses of health care workers in HIV treatment and care by Divya Rajaraman and Natasha Palmer Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 13, Issue 11, pp. 13571363 (11 November 2008) 7 pp. 122 kB: http://download.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/fulltext?ID=121514152&PLACEBO=IE.pdf&mode=pdf A key limiting factor in the scale up and sustainability of HIV care and treatment programmes is the global shortage of trained health care workers. This paper discusses why it is important to move beyond conceptualising health care workers simply as 'inputs' in the delivery of HIV treatment and care, and to also consider their roles as partners and agents in the process of health care. ***

The role of community health workers in improving child health programmes in Mali by Freddy Perez, Hamady Ba, Sayed G Dastagire and Mathias Altmann BMC International Health and Human Rights 2009, 9:28 (10 November 2009) 35 pp. 270 kB: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-698x-9-28.pdf In rural settings, the promotion of household and community health practices through community health workers (CHWs) is among the key strategies to improve child health. Continuous training, transport means, adequate supervision and motivation of CHWs through the introduction of financial incentives and remuneration are among key factors to improve the work of CHWs in rural communities. Poor performance of basic household health practices can be related to irregular supply of drugs and the need of appropriate follow-up by CHWs. ***

Policies and Incentives for Health Worker Retention in East and Southern Africa: Learning from Country Research by Scholastika Iipinge, Yoswa M Dambisya, Rene Loewenson et al. Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and Southern Africa (EQUINET) and the East, Central and Southern African Health Community (ECSA-HC),October 2009 29 pp. 220 kB: http://www.equinetafrica.org/bibl/docs/DISS78HRHRET09.pdf This paper presents a summary of the regional programme on incentives for health worker retention in East and Southern Africa. The studies sought to investigate the causes of migration of health professionals, the strategies used to retain health professionals, how they are being implemented, monitored and evaluated, as well as their impact, to make recommendations to enhance the monitoring, evaluation and management of non-financial incentives for health worker retention.

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Health Systems & Research Performance Based Financing for Health: Lessons from sub-Saharan Africa by Jurien Toonen, Ann Canavan, Petra Vergeer and Riko Elovainio Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) in collaboration with WHO and Cordaid, May 2009 57 pp. 645 kB: http://www.cordaidpartners.com/uploads/documents/419/original/KIT_PBF_Synth esis_Report_Final_June_2009.pdf This is a synthesis report exploring the lessons learned on the design, implementation and effects of using financial incentives, in the form of performance based financing (PBF) within the health sector. PBF projects were supported in Tanzania, Zambia, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The report presents a meta-analysis of the study findings in areas such as enhanced health worker motivation and its contribution in increased health service productivity and quality of health care. ***

How health systems in sub-Saharan Africa can benefit from tuberculosis and other infectious disease programmes by A. D. Harries, P. M. Jensen, R. Zachariah et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 13(10):1194-1199 (2009) 6 pp. 234 kB: http://fieldresearch.msf.org/msf/bitstream/10144/85113/1/Health%20systems%20 Benefit%20TB%20Programs%20IJTLD%20Harries.pdf Weak and dysfunctional health systems in low-income countries, particularly in subSaharan Africa, are recognised as major obstacles to attaining the health-related Millennium Development Goals by 2015. The paper illustrates how TB control and other infectious disease programmes can help to strengthen human resources; infrastructure; procurement and distribution; monitoring, evaluation and supervision; leadership and stewardship. ***

How AIDS Funding Strengthens Health Systems Progress in Pharmaceutical Management by Martha Embrey, David Hoos, Jonathan Quick Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Vol. 52, November 2009 Read online (4 pp.) at: http://journals.lww.com/jaids/Fulltext/2009/11011/How_AIDS_Funding_Strengthens_He alth_Systems_.11.aspx Progress toward universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support will continue the push to strengthen pharmaceutical sectors that serve not only HIV-related needs but all health needs; health experts can likely take these achievements further to maximize their expansion into the wider health system. Many HIV-related efforts and innovations in procurement and supply chain management have already illustrated their wide applicability to other health programs. HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 21

Japan: Health System Review Health Systems in Transition Vol. 11 No. 5 2009 by Kozo Tatara, Etsuji Okamoto, Sara Allin et al. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies - World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 2009 179 pp. 1.7 MB: http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E92927.pdf Japan’s health system provides universal coverage of the population through health insurance system for employees and their families (60% of the population) and National Health Insurance (NHI) system for the self-employed, retired and unemployed (40%). Population health in Japan is among the best in the world, with the longest life expectancy and lowest infant mortality. ***

Achieving Higher Performance: Enhancing Spending Efficiency in Health and Education in Mexico By Cyrille Schwellnus Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economics Department Working Paper No. 732, November 2009 42 pp. 1.6 MB: http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2009doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00006C86/$FILE/JT03273387.PDF

Despite progress over the past two decades Mexico’s health and education indicators remain well below the average of the OECD and some of its Latin American emerging market peers. Health insurance coverage is incomplete, especially for low-income families, and access to health services is highly uneven. In education, lower secondary schools enrol only two thirds of the relevant age group and the quality of education is low. Recent health and education reforms have started to address these issues, but more needs to be done. ***

Components of a strong health information system A guide to the Health Metrics Network Framework World Health Organization, Health Metrics Network (HMN), 2009 4 pp. 860 kB: http://www.who.int/healthmetrics/tools/componentsofastronghis.pdf The “Components of a Strong Health Information System” (HIS) describes the inputs, processes, and outputs laid out in the HMN Framework and briefly explains the six key components of a country HIS. The benefits of a well-developed system include the ability to monitor impact of health programs, better quality information, and more efficient delivery of health care services. With sound data sources and best practices for data collection, transforming data into evidence becomes a reality. ***

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Information & Communication Technology HealthDev.net: A user guide for innovative social networking on HIV and TB by Niamh Barry, Nadine France, Ian Hodgson et al. Health and Development Networks (HDN), AIDSPortal and the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2009 52 pp. 5.1 MB: http://www.hdnet.org/v2/file_uploads/news/HealthDev_net.pdf The HealthDev.net user guide is designed to support website users and administrators to use the tool to its full potential. Additionally, this guide has been created with the aim to advance the understanding of the potential of Web 2.0 technology to facilitate a more effective response to HIV and TB, informed by the experiences and needs of those who are most affected. ***

Cell Phone Application Enables Efficient Data Collection in Remote Areas AED-SATELLIFE Center for Health Information and Technology, October 2009 8 pp. 4.4 MB: http://www.healthnet.org/sites/default/files/GATHER.pdf AED has released the code for GATHERdata® the most innovative platform to provide all the tools needed to collect, understand, and act on data in real time. Using cell phones and PDAs as data-collectors that instantly transmit information to a central computer for aggregation and analysis, the easy-to-use system brings speedier reporting and fewer errors to people and projects in areas without Internet or electricity. ***

Remote sensing for natural disasters Science and Development Network, 11 November 2009 The spotlight provides a series of articles and commentaries written by international experts. Read online at: http://www.scidev.net/en/new-technologies/remote-sensing-for-natural-disasters-1 Satellite remote sensing data can provide crucial information for managing natural disasters. How can developing countries access and make use of these data? And what must policymakers do to prepare? ***

South Asian Disaster Knowledge Network (SADKN) Portal Guidelines Report, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Disaster Management Centre 124 pp. 1.6 MB: http://preventionweb.net/files/11672_SADKNPortalGuidelinesv3.81.pdf

HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 23

The South Asian Disaster Knowledge Network (SADKN) has been envisaged to provide a common platform to exchange, share, and acquire Disaster related knowledge through the SADKN web portal. One of the key goals envisaged is development of state-of-the-art webbased interface to organize information, knowledge, and experience on Disaster Management. This web-based interface would provide an opportunity to people of SAARC countries to have an exposure to latest Information and Communication Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management activities and initiatives. ***

Explaining International IT Application Leadership: Health IT by Daniel Castro Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), September 2009 63 pp. 3.2 MB: http://www.itif.org/files/2009-leadership-healthit.pdf Greater use of information technology (IT) in health care can help achieve many health care reform goals. Health IT can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of health care by reducing costs, improving the quality of care, and increasing access to health care services and information. This report identifies which countries are leading in the deployment of health IT and highlights lessons that might be useful for other countries.

Education Biological Sciences & HIV and AIDS A Generic Integration Course Module for Universities in Sub-Saharan Africa by Mabel Imbuga, Caroline Lang’at Thoruwa, Alice A. Ochanda et al. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and African Women in Science and Engineering (AWSE), December 2008 36 pp. 1.1 MB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001848/184875e.pdf In an effort to prepare students to address HIV and AIDS at personal and professional levels, universities must be involved in a proactive and sustainable manner in mitigation of the pandemic through integration of HIV and AIDS in the teaching curriculum of every university faculty. This will ensure development of AIDS-educated and AIDS-competent graduates who will be adequately qualified to carry AIDS concerns into their subsequent life and to address AIDS issues in their professions. ***

Out in School: Talking about sexual orientation and challenging homophobia Edited and compiled by Mark Jennett Terrence Higgins Trust, 2009 HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 24

39 pp. 3.5 MB: http://www.tht.org.uk/informationresources/publications/youngpeople/outinschool.pdf

Terrence Higgins Trust has developed a new teaching pack providing teachers with ideas on how to talk about sexual orientation and challenge homophobia in schools. This pack has been written by teachers for teachers. ‘Out In School’ provides teachers and other school staff with ideas they can use to talk about sexual orientation and same-sex relationships in the classroom. ***

Global Synthesis of the Findings of UNESS Documents on Education UNESCO National Education Support Strategy (UNESS), April 2009 60 pp. 819 kB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001832/183222e.pdf This Global Synthesis summarizes the findings of over 80 country-based UNESS documents on national educational challenges, government policies and development partner priorities. Together with a number of entry points where UNESCO can make a difference, it analyses not only areas of strength and comparative advantage but those where improvement is needed as well. ***

Review of Contexts and Structures for Education for Sustainable Development 2009 by Arjen Wals Division for the Coordination of United Nations Priorities in Education, UNESCO, 2009 81 pp. 722kB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001849/184944e.pdf The United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD, 20052014) has reached its mid-point. A mid-Decade review was conducted to take stock of what has been accomplished during the first five years of the DESD. At the same time, this review was designed to identify the obstacles encountered in creating structures, provisions and conditions that facilitate the development and implementation of ESD. ***

Open Educational Resources: Conversations in Cyberspace Edited by Susan D'Antoni and Catriona Savage United Nations Educational, Scientific and (UNESCO), 2009; ISBN 978-92-3-104085-6

Cultural

Organization

Download chapter by chapter as Adobe PDF files (172 pp.) at: http://oerwiki.iiepunesco.org/index.php?title=Open_Educational_Resources:_Conversations_in_Cyberspace

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Education systems today face two major challenges: expanding the reach of education and improving its quality. Traditional solutions will not suffice, especially in the context of today’s knowledge-intensive societies. The goal of the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement is to equalize access to knowledge worldwide through openly and freely available online high quality content. ***

The Challenges of Free Primary Education in Ethiopia by Jeilu Oumer United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Institute for Educational Planning, 2009 96 pp. 634 kB: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001825/182523e.pdf Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals have given developing countries an incentive to attain universal primary education through accelerated and scaled strategies. Abolishing school fees is one such strategy, which is seen as a measure to improve enrolment and participation rates. Tuition fees and other private costs of schooling are viewed as a barrier to accessing and completing primary education. ***

Last in Line, Last in School 2009 Donor trends in meeting education needs in countries affected by conflict and emergencies by Victoria Turrent, Janice Dolan, Gowri Vijayakumar et al. International Save the Children Alliance, 2009 47 pp. 3.2 MB: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/docs/Last_in_Line_2009.pdf This report examines recent trends in donor support for education for children living in conflict-affected fragile states (CAFS) and those caught up in emergencies. Its broad conclusion is that, although donors have increased their focus on meeting the education needs of children in these countries and situations, there is still a long way to go. ***

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Standards for Schools in Low-cost Settings Edited by: John Adams, Jamie Bartram, Yves Chartier, Jackie Sims World Health Organization, 2009; ISBN 978 92 4 154779 6 51 pp. 141 kB: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash_sta ndards_school.pdf Adequate provision of water supply, sanitation, hygiene and waste management in schools has a number of positive effects and contributes to a reduced burden of disease among children, staff and their families. Such interventions also provide opportunities for greater gender equity in access to education, and create educational opportunities to promote safe environments at home and in communities. HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 26

Harm Reduction and Drug Use Out of harm’s way - German support for countries reducing the harm of injecting drug use and HIV Edited by Patricia Kramarz, written by James Boothroyd Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, October 2009 (Short version) 4 pp. 440 kB: http://www.hiv-prg.org/en/document-download/doc_download/714 'Out of harm’s way' describes projects supported by German Development Cooperation in countries struggling to reduce the severe harms of illicit drug use, including HIV. HIV is arguably one of the greatest public health problems facing the world, with 33 million people living with the virus in 2007. In keeping with its commitment to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, the sixth of which targets HIV, the German government has made HIV an international development priority.

Millennium Development Goals Achieving the health Millennium Development Goals for South Africa: challenges and priorities by Mickey Chopra, Joy E Lawn, David Sanders et al. The Lancet, Vol. 374, Issue 9694, pp. 1023-1031, 19 September 2009 9 pp. 204 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673609611223.pdf?i d=3d35b1b5aa0ec416:-6f10882b:124cf54961c:-25881257610537455 15 years after liberation from apartheid, South Africans are facing new challenges: The effect of the unprecedented HIV/AIDS epidemic has been immense. Substantial increases in mortality and morbidity are threatening to overwhelm the health system and undermine the potential of South Africa to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The South African Government, installed in April, 2009, has the mandate and potential to address the public health emergencies facing the country - will they do so or will another opportunity and many more lives be lost? ***

Millennium Development Goals: 2009 Progress Chart Compiled by Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, 2009 1 pp. 2.0 MB: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2009/MDG_Re port_2009_Progress_Chart_En.pdf This chart presents an assessment of progress towards selected key targets on the basis of information available as of June 2009. Depending on the indicator, the latest available information could date back to as early as 2005 or as late as 2009.

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Asia Water Watch 2015 Are Countries in Asia on Track to Meet Target 10 of the Millennium Development Goals? by Kallidaikurichi Easwaran Seetharam, James Bartram, Anuradha Rajivan et al. Asian Development Bank (ADB), December 2005 63 pp. 1.7 MB: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Asia-Water-Watch/asia-water-watch.pdf The Asia and Pacific region plays a pivotal role in the MDG commitment. The region is home to the majority of the world’s poor. In the People’s Republic of China (PRC) alone, the number of people without access to clean water supply is nearly as large as all of the underserved in Africa. The progress this region makes will define the entire global community’s success in achieving the ambitious targets the MDGs have set for 2015.

Development Assistance Euromapping 2009 - Mapping European Development Aid & Population Assistance by Andrew Pavao, Miguel Ongil, Anne Wittenberg et al. German Foundation for World Population (DSW) and the European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development (EPF), 2009 64 pp. 4.7 MB: http://www.euroresources.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Euromapping /Euromapping_2009/Euromapping2009_EN_HiRes.pdf Euromapping provides an overview of comparative contributions as well as detailed information about an individual donor country’s performance over time. Its goal is to research, analyse, consolidate and present comparative information about European Official Development Assistance (ODA) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) commitments, funding flows and qualitative considerations specifically calibrated to meet the needs of advocates and decision-makers. ***

The Future of Global Health: Ingredients for a Bold & Effective U.S. Initiative The Global Health Initiative (GHI), October, 2009 42 pp. 1.8 MB: http://www.theglobalhealthinitiative.org/documents/report.pdf In a statement calling for the U.S. to support a Global Health Initiative, 24 U.S. groups dealing with international health issues applaud President Obama's commitment to support global health and the recognition that this is both a moral obligation and in the U.S. national interest. But they warn that underfunding the initiative because of budget pressures would be a short-sighted mistake.

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Aid Orphans: Whose Responsibility? by Andrew Rogerson and Suzanne Steensen OECD Development Co-operation Directorate, October 2009 2 pp. 191 kB: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/14/34/43853485.pdf The pattern of aid distribution across countries is insufficiently co-ordinated. Individual donors (public and private) decide separately which country programmes to assist and to what extent, based on their unique set of values, goals and criteria, shaped by specific contexts and historical relationships. The absence of timely information on other donors’ forward intentions impedes everyone’s ability to adjust their own plans accordingly. ***

The Missing Piece of the Puzzle? The Institutional Importance of CSOs in the Development Effectiveness Agenda by Keisha Taylor GuideStar International Newsletter, No. 12, October 2009 7 pp. 144 kB: http://www.guidestarinternational.org/SiteImages/The%20Missing%20Piece%20of%20the%20Puzzle%20%20The%20Institutional%20Importance%20of%20CSOs%20in%20the%20Development%20Effectiveness%20 Agenda.pdf

This article highlights the importance of civil society organisations (CSOs) as units of analysis in the development effectiveness agenda. It emphasises the need to view CSOs as more than simply an avenue for the delivery of services by donors and government, in recognition of the key role they play in realising development effectiveness. It advocates better analysis of CSOs to facilitate the understanding of aid processes and socioeconomic development.

Others Road Safety - Call for action by Gérard Lautrédou International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), October 2009 12 pp. 687 kB: http://www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/health/174800-ROADSAFETYReport-EN.pdf The IFRC is increasingly concerned about the rapid escalation of the global road safety crisis, which kills 3,000 people every day. This report has been produced to promote the IFRC’s commitment to road safety as well as the active role played by Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies around the world in this field. ***

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RESIST - Resisting Extortion and Solicitation in International Transactions A company tool for employee training Jointly developed by International Chamber of Commerce, United Nations Global Compact, Transparency International, World Economic Forum, 2009 17 pp. 133 kB: http://www.iccwbo.org/uploadedFiles/RESIST.pdf RESIST is designed as a training tool to provide practical ideas for practitioners on how to respond to an inappropriate demand by a client, business partner or public authority, recognizing that such a demand may be accompanied by a threat. It sets out practical measures on how to respond to dilemmas in the most efficient and ethical manner when they cannot be avoided. ***

South African Statistics, 2009 by Pali Lehola Statistician General, South Africa, November 2009 202 pp. 3.2 MB: http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/SAStatistics/SAStatistics2009.pdf Mortality rates, which have been increasing in South Africa since the 1990s, are on their way back down, reflecting a downturn of the AIDS epidemic and signalling longer life spans for South Africans. While the situation is not back to the bright early 1990s, data clearly show that South Africa is on its way out of the mortality crisis.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES German Medical Science - Online Portal http://www.egms.de/dynamic/en/index.htm German Medical Science is a portal for online journals, meetings and research reports and offers all scientists from the field of medicine open access to scientific articles and the possibility to publish their research results online. Here you can find the electronic journals of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) and individual member associations with peer-reviewed scientific original papers and surveys: http://www.egms.de/static/en/journals/index.htm The articles are immediately and permanently available online without charge. ***

Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) Volume 87, Number 11, November 2009, 805-884 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/11/en/ HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 30

This month: Many papers in the November issue address the special theme of strengthening the linkages between sexual and reproductive health and HIV. In the lead editorial, Michel Sidibé & Kent Buse explain why these links are crucial to public health.

INTERESTING WEB SITES OneLove Regional Campaign http://www.onelovesouthernafrica.org/ OneLove is a unique campaign that began rolling out across southern Africa in October 2008. The campaign aims to get us thinking and talking about our sexual behaviour in this time of HIV and AIDS. ***

Knowledge for Health (K4Health) https://www.k4health.org/node/2 The INFO for Health Project has recently been redesigned, upgraded and renamed Knowledge for Health (K4Health). The new portal houses some familiar products and services, such as POPLine and Photoshare, but also has great new functionality and tools like our Google-powered search, which allows you to search specific databases, the entire site, or the World Wide Web without having to re-enter terms or navigate to other sites.

CONFERENCES ENGAGEMENT WELTWEIT 2009 - Commitment to one world Professional fair for personnel development cooperation Date: Saturday 28 November 2009, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Venue: Beethovenhalle, Forum South, Wachsbleiche 26 53111 Bonn, Germany Admission: 8 € Online registration is recommended, as the number of visitors is limited, and a great deal of interest is expected. ENGAGEMENT WELTWEIT – Commitment to one world - will have information stands from over 50 leading organisations in personnel development cooperation, emergency and disaster aid and educational work. Presentations, discussion groups and personal contacts give visitors an opportunity to get direct and comprehensive information about Development Cooperation as a field of work, training offers and current trends in technical development cooperation. For more information see: http://www.entwicklungsdienst.de/engagement_weltweit09.html?&L=2 HESP-News & Notes - 24/2009 - page 31

1st World Conference on the Development of Universal Social Security Systems 22 - 26 March, 2010 Brasília, Brasil The Conference aims at structuring political agendas that would take into consideration the universality of the right to social security in the national and international arenas. The Government of Brazil is inviting other governments and intergovernmental organizations, and the international civil society is being called on to participate by means of the World Social Forum on Health. For more information see: http://conselho.saude.gov.br/web_confmundial/confmundial_en.html ***

The Guide to Community Involvement in AIDS 2010 http://www.aids2010community.org The guide was created by the International Council of AIDS Service Organizations (ICASO) to help you better understand and participate in the international AIDS conference in Vienna, Austria, next year, from July 18-23. International conferences can be overwhelming, as much as they can be educational and inspiring, allowing you to network with others doing similar work - which is why we hope that you will use the guide to navigate the next international AIDS conference.

CARTOON Essen auf Rädern - Meals on Wheels

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TIPS & TRICKS No to All Have you ever been doing something in Windows that involved multiple files? If so, you have probably come across a message similar to this one: Notice how there is an option for “Yes to All”, but no button for “No to All”? The good news is that if you find yourself in this situation, all you need to do to get “No to All” is hold the Shift key when you click “No” and it will apply to all files.

***

Calendar & Notepad http://xcalday.sylfid.com/setup.exe

The programme is called Xcalday (160 kB) and it’s just a little calendar with a notepad. For each day, you can put in notes about what you need to do, etc. It doesn’t seem like much but it is very useful! ***

What is a blog? Blog is the amalgamation of "Web Log" and is a web site where you can post pictures, share links, make comments, and write whatever you want. Another neat aspect of blogging is that visitors can comment on the posts creating an interactive, collaborative space. Many have RSS feeds that notify you of new posts. Blogs make a big impact these days and are fast becoming a valid news outlet. Some bloggers are even being recognized by the news establishment as legitimate journalists. There is a blog for every interest, and if there isn’t, you can create one. Basic blogs can be created for free, while more involved ones might require a hosting fee. For some lists of what is out there, check out these web sites... http://blogcatalog.com/ http://www.blogsearchengine.com/ http://www.blogarama.com/ So explore the “blogosphere”, or jump in with your own blog spot at: https://www.blogger.com/start

Best regards, Dieter Neuvians MD

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