Hazop & Hazid

HAZOP and hazard identification services Modern safety legislation places responsibility on owners, operators and some manufacturers to identify and manage the risks associated with their operations and products, and to demonstrate that they are doing so in an effective manner. This has led many to appreciate the benefits of formal risk assessment methods as the starting point in the risk management process. The structure and discipline of these techniques help provide assurance that risks are comprehensively and systematically identified. A number of techniques have come to the fore; the team-based approaches of HAZOP, SWIFT and HAZID and the desk-based study known as FMEA. As an organisation dedicated to preserving life and improving safety, we offer services to help you carry out risk assessments. HAZOP A hazard and operability (HAZOP) study is a design review technique used for hazard identification, and for the identification of design deficiencies which may give rise to operability problems. HAZOP is most commonly applied to systems which transfer or process hazardous substances or activities where the operations involved can be hazardous and the consequences of failure to control hazards may be significant in terms of damage to life, the environment or property. HAZOP was developed in the UK chemical and petrochemical industries as a means of assessing the safety of complex plant and processes which had significant hazard potential. Its use has been extended to safety studies for industrial, nuclear and nuclear-chemical plant, and offshore installations. A HAZOP study is carried out using a structured approach by an experienced multi-discipline team, facilitated by a HAZOP leader.

HAZID The Hazard Identification (HAZID) study is a technique for early identification of hazards and threats and can be applied at the conceptual or detailed design stage. Early identification and assessment of hazards provides essential input to project development decisions at a time when a change of design has a minimal cost penalty. A HAZID study is carried out by an experienced multi-discipline team using a structured approach based on a checklist of potential hazards. Potential problems are highlighted for action outside the meeting. Typical process hazards are considered such as environmental, geographical, process, fire and explosion, health.

SWIFT A structured ‘what-if’ checklist (SWIFT) is similar to HAZOP. SWIFT uses pertinent deviations from normal operation, brainstormed by the team for a number of question categories. A SWIFT study will consider a system as a whole or in larger sections than HAZOP and can be up to three times more time efficient than HAZOP. A SWIFT team may be as few as four persons including the leader and recorder.

LLOYD'S REGISTER SERVICES

For further information please contact UK Dr Kevin Fitzgerald Lloyd's Register EMEA, Hiramford, Middlemarch Office Village, Siskin Drive, Coventry, CV3 4FJ, UK M +44 (0)7825 403 838 F +44 (0)2476 305 854 E [email protected]

FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a component-level review of a design, identifying failure modes and their consequences. For each failure mode the study defines the effect of the failure, identifying any hazards to the operator, the environment, the public, damage to the asset or loss of production.

• in-depth understanding and expertise in all aspects of risk management, with experience in many industrial sectors • particular experience in the tailoring of HAZOP to novel applications • specialist knowledge in areas of new technology including high integrity systems.

Benefits of SWIFT

Each failure is subsequently analysed to determine if it would be detected by the user/operator before causing an incident or damage or whether mitigation controls are in place to prevent damage, escalation, etc. Where detection or mitigation is deemed inadequate redesign requirements are recommended.

SWIFT is particularly useful for identification of hazards as part of a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) and will provide the analyst and client with a common knowledge of the system. Furthermore the study can form the basis for frequency models including fault and event trees and will highlight study-specific differences from average failure rates.

A variant of FMEA, known as FMECA, introduces consideration of “criticality” to rank the identified hazards based on risk.

Benefits of working with the Lloyd’s Register Group

Benefits of HAZOP and HAZID HAZOP and HAZID can be applied to existing plant as a safety review of the existing design or of design changes, and can help ensure safe implementation of hardware and software modifications. Experience has shown HAZOP to be particularly effective in identifying issues at the interfaces between the various design and operations functions which can be difficult to identify by other means. It is therefore a fundamental and significant step in the process of minimising risk, identifying hazards and their causes. If your operations involve technical risk, the Lloyd’s Register Group has the expertise and international experience to help you with:

In choosing the Lloyd’s Register Group to assist you in HAZOP and HAZID services, you can be assured of a service which provides: • a high quality service tailored to meet your specific needs • advice on selection and application of appropriate techniques • experienced engineers to carry out FMEA or independent HAZID and HAZOP session leaders and technical secretaries • support staff to plan, organise and co-ordinate HAZOP sessions • recording of HAZOP session progress on pc-based software • preparation of reports and auditing of implementation of HAZOP recommendations.

Americas Danny Walker Lloyd's Register Americas, Inc. T +1 (1)281 675 3119 M +1 (1)832 603 1173 E [email protected] Asia David Bolsman Lloyd's Register Asia T +86 (0)21 515 857 83 M +86 (0)13 788 986 83 E [email protected] Europe Middle East and Africa Harald Koban Lloyd's Register EMEA T +31 (0)10 2014 254 M +31 (0)172 5963 389 E [email protected] www.lr.org

Services are provided by members of the Lloyd's Register Group. Lloyd's Register, Lloyd’s Register Asia and Lloyd's Register EMEA are exempt charities under the UK Charities Act 1993. July 2008