Harvard Government 20 Week 3 Handout 1

Government 20: Week 3, Lecture 1 State-Centered Approaches to Development: Explaining the East Asian NICs I. The Puzzle of East Asian Development A. The Empirical Puzzle: Rapid industrialization in S. Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore B. The Theoretical Challenge a. The Challenge to Dependency Theory b. The Challenge to Neoclassical Economics II. The State-Centered Model (Chalmers Johnson, Robert Wade) A. The Developmental State a. Autonomous b. Interventionist c. Business-friendly B. State-led Industrialization Policies a. Industrial policy b. Regulated foreign investment c. Export promotion (with strategic protection of key industries) C. Authoritarianism and labor repression III. Two Cases of State-Led Industrialization A. Taiwan a. Origins of the Developmental State i. Chinese Civil War, Kuomintang takeover of Taiwan ii. Military threat from China iii. Land reform weakens landed elite b. State-led Industrialization under the KMT B. South Korea a. Origins of the Developmental State i. Korean War ii. North Korean military threat iii. Land reform b. State-led industrialization under Park Chung Hee Key Terms Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs)/East Asian “Tigers” Neoclassical economics The developmental state State autonomy Import-substituting Industrialization (ISI) versus Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI) Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) (Japan) The Kuomintang (KMT) and Chiang Kai-Shek in Taiwan Park Chung Hee in South Korea