War in Heaven Jump to: navigation, search The Fall of the Rebel Angels by Pieter Bruegel the Elder The Book of Revelation, which opens with the words, "The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants what must soon take place", includes in those events a War in Heaven: Now war arose in heaven, Michael and his angels fighting against the dragon; and the dragon and his angels fought, but they were defeated and there was no longer any place for them in heaven. And the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.[1]
with the motif of the Fall of Satan Bible commentaries in general view this passage as an eschatological vision of the end of time or as a reference to spiritual warfare within the church, seeing it as "not (as in Milton's Paradise Lost) the story of the origin of Satan as an angel who rebelled against God in primeval times."[2] The motif of the fall of Satan and his angels is found in Jewish and Christian angelology and Christian art, and the concept of fallen angels, angels who for their evil actions, in particular for directly rebelling against God, were degraded and condemned to a life of mischief or shame on earth or in a place of punishment is widespread.[3] As a result of linking this motif with the cited passage of the Book of Revelation the casting of Satan down from heaven, which other versions of the motif present as an action of God himself, has become attributed to the Archangel Michael at the conclusion of a war between two groups of angels. The fallen angels The JudeoChristian religions have stories about angelic beings cast down from heaven by God, often presenting the punishment as inflicted in particular on Satan. The name Lucifer, the Latin name (literally "LightBearer" or "Light Bringer") for the morning star (the planet Venus in its morning appearances), is often given to Satan in these stories. The brilliancy of the morning star, which eclipses all other stars, but is not seen during the night, may be what gave rise to myths such as the Babylonian story of Ethana and Zu, who was led by his pride to strive for the highest seat among the stargods on the northern mountain of the gods (an image present also in Ezekiel 28:14), but was hurled down by the supreme ruler of the Babylonian Olympus.[4] Stars were then regarded as living celestial beings,[5] [4] and the Jewish Encyclopedia states that the myth concerning the morning star was transferred to Satan by the first century before the Christian era, citing in support of this view the Life of Adam and Eve and the Slavonic Book of Enoch 29:4, 31:4, where SatanSataniel is described as having been one of the archangels. Because he contrived "to make his throne higher than the clouds over the earth and resemble 'My power' on high", SatanSataniel was hurled down, with his angels, and since then he has been flying in the air continually above the abyss.[4] The picture of the morning star "fallen from heaven" and "cast down to the earth" appears in Isaiah 14:417, where it is used to describe the fate prophesied for the King of Babylon, who is described as aiming to rival God. This passage too has been applied to the fall of Satan, and it is on this basis that the name "Lucifer" (Morning Star) was given to him. War in heaven Detail of statue depicting Archangel Michael's spear at Satan's throat A number of sources mention a war between God and his armies and Satan's host. In Paradise Lost, John Milton vividly recounted a war in heaven following rebellion by Satan and other angels before the Fall of Man.[6] Jonathan Edwards in his sermon Wisdom Displayed in Salvation speaks of Satan and his angels as having rebelled against God before the fall of man and tested their collective strength against him, ultimately failing and resorting to other methods of thwarting
him. "Satan and his angels rebelled against God in heaven, and proudly presumed to try their strength with his. And when God, by his almighty power, overcame the strength of Satan, and sent him like lightning from heaven to hell with all his army; Satan still hoped to get the victory by subtilty"[7] Commenting on Apocalypse 12:7 "And there was a great battle in heaven, Michael and his angels fought with the dragon", the Catholic Encyclopedia says: "St. John speaks of the great conflict at the end of time, which reflects also the battle in heaven at the beginning of time." It adds that Michael's name "was the warcry of the good angels in the battle fought in heaven against the enemy and his followers."[8] The Book of Revelation consists principally of eschatological visions.[9] Among its visions of things to come is one of "a great sign in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars",[10] and of "another sign in heaven: a great red dragon, with seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads seven diadems, whose tail swept down a third of the stars of heaven and cast them to the earth", and which unsuccessfully planned to devour the pregnant woman's child.[11] This is followed by: "Now war arose in heaven, Michael and his angels fighting against the dragon. And the dragon and his angels fought back, but he was defeated, and there was no longer any place for them in heaven. And the great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world – he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him."[1] This image of a war in heaven at the end of time became added to the story of a fall of Satan at the beginning of time,[12] including not only Satan but other angels as well, in view of the phrase "the dragon and his angels".[13] The number of angels involved was taken to be a third of the total number because Revelation 12:4 speaks of the dragon's tail casting a third of the stars of heaven to the earth, before the start of the "war in heaven" Revelation 12:7. R.N. Leonard Ashley says that, in 1273, Pope John XXI, then Bishop of Tusculum, estimated that the total number of angels who sided with Lucifer's revolt numbered 133,306,668, which would suggest that they were fighting against a force of 266,613,336 angels who remained loyal to God.[14] A website that says the War in Heaven occurred between the Old and New Testaments, rather than at either the beginning or the end of time, says that this number was later affirmed by fifteenthcentury scholar Alphonso de Spina.[15] In going through the opinions on the number of fallen angels,[16] theologian John Gill shows no awareness of the existence of this very precise idea of their number (bringing the total of angels in existence to 399,920,004 i.e. 79,996 short of 400 million), which Ashley's book and a number of websites attribute to two famous figures, one of the thirteenth, the other of the fifteenth century, without indicating in what writings they made the statement. Causes of Satan's rebellion Lucifer thrown down from Heaven, as described in John Milton's Paradise Lost. Gustave Doré, 1866 A number of catalysts have been proposed to explain the rebellion of Satan. All of them essentially stem from his pride, via various means. The possible means suggested include: • • • •
A refusal to bow down to mankind on the occasion of the Creation of Man (as in the Armenian, Georgian and Latin versions of the Life of Adam and Eve).[17] A disagreement about God's plan of salvation (the view of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latterday Saints). A declaration by God that all were to be subject to his Son, the Messiah (as in John Milton's Paradise Lost)[18]. The culmination of a gradual distancing from God through use of free will (an idea of Origen).[19]
Similar motif outside JudeoChristian faiths The fall of superhuman beings punished for opposing gods is also found outside of the Abrahamic faiths. Homer's Iliad
says Hephaestus was cast down from the heavenly threshold by Zeus and landed on the island of Lemnos nearly dead.[20] Hesiod 's Theogony recounts that the gods, after defeating the Titans, hurled them down to Tartarus (the Titanomachy) as far beneath the earth as earth is beneath the sky.[21] The Fallen Host These are angels that have fallen from God's grace. Although rarely mentioned in biblical scripture these beings serve as a warning to the reader of what the wrath of God can bring. Angelologists have a certain interest in these creatures because they have quite an air of shadowy mystery which surrounds them. Fallen angels can be split into two main groups namely: The angels who sided and allied with Lucifer during the war in Heaven and the fallen Watchers or Grigori. In both of these cases the angels tuned on God, their creator, by misusing the free will that had been granted to them by God. The War in Heaven Generally there is a belief that at some point in time Lucifer joined forces with a third of the divine host in an attempt to place themselves as rulers in the Kingdom of Heaven, by overthrowing God and the faithful angels. One theory about the cause of the conflict is that when God created man he called upon all of angelic forces to bow before his new creation. Lucifer at that time being one of the highest Archangels found this too humbling by far and refused to debase himself in this manner and duly asked if "a son of fire should be forced to bow before a son of clay?". A similar theory and one very much like the latter suggests that Lucifer should bow before Jesus the son of man. Whatever the reason for the conflict Lucifer appeared to be outgrowing his post as highest of the Seraphim and chief of Angels.
It somewhat unclear how many angels were actually engaged in the war in Heaven and the exact number of the host open to conjuncture for many.
In the 15th century though it was estimated that 133,306,668 angels fell from the Heavens in a total of 9 days according to the Bishop of Tusculum (c. 1273), and this was reaffirmed by Alphonso de Spina (c. 1460). I am sure that this number astounds even the most open minded. I my self was not surprised by the total figure of the fallen angels, I expected the number to be very big for the simple reason that it is reported that the number of angels is very big and that one third of them fell, so this third should be a very large figure also, but I was and still am very skeptic about the accuracy of this number when I first came upon it. There is also a question as to when the war took place. In the Old testament and Hebraic writings there is no mention of Hell or fallen angels. However because of the role that Satan plays in the bible, perhaps the most likely time for the battle to have happened, lies somewhere between the Old and New Testament. Whatever the case, Christ made it clear that Lucifer/Satan is the enemy. Indeed Satan is described in the book of Revelation as a creature which takes the form of a ten headed dragon as he does battle with the armies of God, led by Archangel Michael. Another belief suggests that the battle lasted for several days with Satan's armies building great war machines and even gaining a temporary advantage over the divine forces. However, there is a tale of a Final Battle between the two forces where the Angelic Armies will finally crush the fallen for once and for all. Revelation Michael
the
12:710 Archangel
Defeats
the
(KJV): Great
Dragon
Revelation A supernatural battle occurs between the Angels of God and the Fallen Angels of Satan.
12:710:
The Angels of God prevail: 7. And there was war in Heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the Dragon; and the Dragon fought and his angels, 8. And prevailed not; neither was their place found any more in Heaven. 9. And the Great Dragon was cast out, that Old Serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceived the whole world: he was cast out into the Earth, and his angels were cast out with him. 10.And I heard a loud voice saying in Heaven, 'Now is come Salvation, and Strength, and the Kingdom of our God, and the Power of His Christ: for the Accuser of our Brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God Day and Night.'