Global Population And Mobility.docx

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY World population In July 2018, the world population is 7,632,819,325. In 2010, there were only 6,958,169,159 people in the world. The present median age of the population is 29.9. Fertility rate is 2.51. The number of people per kilometer is 76. Population in the word is currently (2018) growing at a rate around 1.09% per year (down from 1.12% in 2017 and 1.14% in 2016). The current average population increase is estimated at 83 million people per year. Annual growth rate reached its peak in the late 1960s, when it was at around 2%. The rate of increase has nearly halved since then, and will continue to decline in the coming years. It is estimated to reach 1% by 2013, less than 0.5% by 2052, and 0.25% in 2076 (a yearly addition of 27 million people to a population of 10.7 billion). In 2100, it should be only 0.09%, or an addition of only 10 million people to a total population of 11.2 billion. The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach 10 billion persons in the year 2055 and 11 billion in the year 2088. The Philippines, with a very small land area compared to other countries is number 13 among the top 20 countries with largest population (live). Below is the top 20 countries with the largest population (live).

TOP 20 LARGEST COUNTRIES BY POPULATION (LIVE) 1. China 2. India 3. U.S. A 4. Indonesia 5. Brazil 6. Pakistan 7. Nigeria 8. Bangladesh 9. Russia 10. Mexico

1,413,579,732 1, 350,097,458 326, 154,130 266, 049,460 210,448,460 199,800,980 194,541, 492 165,916,341 143,971,341 130,334,558

11. Japan 12. Ethiopia 13. Philippines 14.Egypt 15. Vietnam 16. D.R Congo 17. Germany 18. Iran 19. Turkey 20. Thailand

127,264,447 106,846,213 106,087,606 98,889,786 96,238,555 83,290,647 82,245,954 81,786,052 81,604,890 69,144,569

View Population Forecast (2020-2050) View population projections for all years 9up to 2100 Year

Population Yearly

Yearly

Median

Fertility

Density

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”

Urban

Urban

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

(July 1) 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

% Change

Change

Age

Rate

(P/Km2) Pop. %

population

World Population by Region # Region

World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a much slower rate compared to the recent past. World population has double (100% increase) in 40 years from 1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). It is now estimated that it will take another nearly 40 years to increase by another 50% to become 9 billion by 2037.

Global Mobility Global migration is the flow or movement of people from one place to another around the world. The main purpose of migration is to find work or employment.

Trends in Global Mobility The IOM’s Global Migration Trends Factsheets presents a snapshot of the major migration trends worldwide for the year 2015 based on statistics from a variety of sources. Considering the state of migration globally in 2015, the following facts stand out: In 2015, the number of international migrants worldwide – people residing in a country other than their country of birth – was the highest ever recorded, having reached 224 million (from 232 million in 2013). As a share of the world population, however, international migration has remained fairly constant over the past decades, as around 3%. While female migrants

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

constitute only 48% of the international migrants stocks worldwide, and 42% in Asia, women make up the majority of international migrants in Europe (52.4%) and North America (51.2%). South – South migration flows (across developing countries) continued to grow compared to South – North movement (from developing to developed countries); in 2015, 90.2 million international migrants born in developing countries resided in other countries in the Global South, while 85.3 million born in the South resided in countries in the Global north. Germany became the second most popular destination for international migrants globally ( in absolute numbers ), following the United States and preceding the Russian Federation with an estimated 12 million foreign - born residing in the country in 2015 ( against 46.6 million in the U.S. and 11.9 million in the Russian Federation ). As a proposition of the host country’s population, however, numbers of international migrants continue to be highest in Gulf Cooperation Council countries: the foreign – born population makes up 88.4% of the total population in the United Arab Emirates, 75.7% in Qatar and 73.6% in Kuwait. Close to 1 in 5 migrants in the world live in the top 20 largest cities, according to IOM’s World Migration Report 2015. International migrants make up over a third of the total population in cities like Sydney, Auckland, Singapore and London, and at least one in four residents in Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Paris in foreign – born. The year 2015 saw the highest levels of forced displacement globally recorded since World War II, with a dramatic increase in the number of refugees, asylum – seekers and internally displaced people across various regions of the world – from Africa to the Middle East and South Asia. The world hosted 15.1 million refugees be mid – 2015. This is a 45% increase compared to three and a half years ago, largely due to continued conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, now well into its 5th year. Some 8.6 million persons were newly displaced in 2015 alone. In 2015, Germany also became the largest single recipient of first – time individual asylum claims globally, with almost 442,000 applications lodged in the country by the end of the year. The number of asylum claims worldwide almost doubled between the end of 2014 to almost 1 million by the end of June 2015. This figure continued to increase, rising to about 3.2 million pending asylum applications globally by the end of 2015. By the end of 2015, the EU as a whole received over 1.2 million first – time asylum claims, more than double the number registered in 2014 ( 563,000 ), and almost double the levels recorded in 1992 in the 15 Member States ( 672,000 applications ). The increase in 2015 is largely due to higher numbers of asylum claims from Syrians, Afghans and Iraqis ). Almost 1 in 3 first – time asylum applicants in the UE were minors, a 9% increase compared to 2014 levels; also, 1 in 4 of these were judge to be unaccompanied by national authorities – the highest number since 2008 and a three – fold increase on numbers registered in 2014. Still, the vast majority of refugees continue to be hosted by developing countries, particularly those that are proximate to the refugees’ countries of origin: for instance, the bulk of

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Syrian refugee population is hosted by Turkey ( 2.2 million ), Lebanon ( 1.2 million ) and Jordan ( almost 630,000 ), according to figures recorded in December 2015. Also, most forced displacement globally still occurs within countries’ borders, with an estimated 38 million people internally displaced by conflict and violence at the end of 2014 – from Iraq to South Sudan , from Syria to the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria. The year 2015 was also the deadliest year for migrants increase levels of forced displacement globally were tragically accompanied by record – high numbers of people perishing or going missing while trying to cross international borders. Over 5,400 migrants worldwide are estimated to have died or gone missing in 2015. According to IOM’s Missing Migrants project, migrants fatalities during migrations to Europe increased by 15% compared to the previous year, reaching at least 3,770. From 2014 to 2015, a major and sudden shift in routes to irregular migrations by sea to Europe occurred – with about 853,000 arriving to Greece compared to almost 154,000 to Itally, as opposed to about 34,400 and 170,100 respectively in 2014. In 2015, the number of voluntary returns of migrants ( e.g failed asylum – seekers , and other groups ) from EU countries was for the first time higher than the number of forced returns ( 81,681 against 72,473 ). Moreover, the number of IOM – assisted voluntary returns from EU Member States, Norway and Switzerland in 2015 reached a figure of almost 56,000. New estimates for the number if migrant workers globally show that the large majority of international migrants in the world are migrant workers. Migrants have higher labor force participation than non – migrants particularly due to higher labor force participation rates for migrant women relative to non – migrant women. Remittances continue to climb globally while remittance – sending costs remain relatively high. The sum of financial remittances sent by international migrants back to their families in origin countries amounted to an estimated $581 billion in 2015 – over three – quarters of which were sent to low and middle – income economies. In Tajiskistan remittances constituted over 40% of the country’s GDP. However, average remittances transfer costs were still at 7.5% of the amount sent in the third quarter of 2015, higher than the 3% minimum target set in the Sustainable Development Goals to be met by 2030. Remittances transfer costs are particularly high in Sub – Saharan Africa –that standing at 9.5% on average. Finally, public opinion towards migration globally is more favorable than commonly perceived – with the notable exception of Europe, according to an IOM – Gallup report.

Factors Influencing Migration and Population Movements  

Socio – political, economic and ecological factors are the main forces driving migrations. Rising communal violence world – wide, often as a result of ethnic or religious intolerance, has led to increased levels of migrations

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

 

Economic disparity between developing and developed economies encourages the movement of skilled labor from the former to the latter. Temporary migration visas allow for an increase in the rate of circular migration. Changes in the ecological environment have the potential to worse food and water insecurity in various parts of the globe. Limited access to food and water resources may push people to migrate to countries where these resources are more readily available.

Fertility, mortality, and migration all influence the size of a society’s population. Poorer countries tend to grow almost completely from internal causes ( for example, high birth rates due to the absence of reliable contraception ), while richer countries tend to grow from both internal causes and migrations. Demographers determine a population’s natural growth rate by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate. The world’s low – growth nations tend to be more industrialized, such as the United States and Europe. The high – growth countries tend to be less industrialized, such as Africa and Latin America. The Global Mobility: A Win – Win for and Your Employee Companies need a global workforce and global mobility, now more than ever. They are sending an increasing number of people abroad, in a wider variety of roles, for many reasons: to prepare for and respond to opportunities in global production; to promote research, development, and innovation; and to improve customer sales, and growth. At the same time, global market uncertainty is putting companies under tremendous cost pressure. That makes it imperative for leaders to carefully manage their global mobility investments – and to nature an appropriate return on them. No company wants to send talent around the globe without purpose. But for those organizations that do have multinational operations, increasing for availability of international assignments can help draw talent to the organization and secure the talent already in place – all while providing individuals with new skills, opportunities for international travel, new challenges and the experience needed to progress their careers business growth – making it a win for both parties. The trend is riding a global wave BRIC ( Brazil, Russia, India, and China ) countries, the UAE and Qatar, are emerging as talent hot spots, driven by shifting economic growth. By 2023, the Gross Domestic Product of Shanghai and Beijing will be larger than Los Angeles and London, yet global companies operating in China already find it difficult to find and retain talent. A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city generally considered to be an important mode in the global economic system. The concept comes from geography and urban studies, and the idea that globalization can be understood as largely created, facilitated, and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of finance and trade. The most complex of these entities is the “global city” , whereby the linkages binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socio – economic means. The use of “global city”, as opposed to “megacity”, was popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

1991 work, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo; although the term “world city”, which refers to cities involved with large amount of global business, dates to a least the May 1886 description of Liverpool, by the Illustrated London News. Patrick Gedddes also used the term “word city” later in 1915. More recently, the term has been described as being synonymous with a city’s influence and “financial capital”, with other factors becoming less relevance.

Characteristics Although what constitutes a world city is still subject to debate; standard characteristics of world cities are:             

A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing Headquarters of several multinational corporations The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial institutions Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities Considerable decision – making power on a daily and at a global level Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics Centers of media and communication for global networks Dominance of the national region with great international significance High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector High – quality education institutions, including renowned universities, international student attendance, and research facilities Multi – functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities in the country Typically, highly diverse in terms of language, culture, religion, and ideologies.

According to Greig Charmock, a global city is an urban center that enjoys significant advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. The terms have its origins in research on cities carried out during the 1980s, which examined the common characteristics of the world’s most important cities. However, with increased attention being paid to processes of globalization during subsequent years, these world cities came to be known as global cities. Linked with globalization was the idea of spatial reorganization and hypothesis that cities were becoming key loci within global networks of productions of the global city thesis,

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”

Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

then, such cities are seen as the building blocks of globalization. Simultaneously, these cities were becoming newly privileged sites of local politics within the context of a broader project to reconfigures state institutions.

“THE COUNTRY’S 1st POLYTECHNICU”