Global Is At Ion

GLOBALISATION

Tsering Wangyal

What is Globalisation? Is it :– An economic phenomenon? – A cultural phenomenon? – A social phenomenon?

Definition Globalisation refers to the increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political, and ecological spheres which is increasingly binding people and the world more tightly into one global

Global Perspective

Economic Globalisation Means the greater global connectedness of livelihoods, and of the production of goods and services.

Aspects of Economic Globalisation 1. Globalisation of Consumption 2. Globalisation of Production/Ownership 3. Globalisation of Capital 4. Globalisation of Labour 5. Emergence of MNCs 6. Emergence of Trading Blocs

Economic Integration/Facilitators – Growth of Economic Cooperation Infocomm Technology – – Trading Blocs (EU, NAFTA, ASEAN etc.) – Collapse of ‘Communism’ – Movement of Free Trade

Players in Global Economy World Bank

Lends money to Govt.s & Govt. Agencies for Developmen t Projects

WTO

International body dealing with the rules of trade between nations

IMF

Lends money to Govt.s to stabilise currencies & maintain order in international financial markets

Economic Globalisation: Benefits • Increase in Trade & Foreign Investments • Growth of Free Market Capitalism • Lower Cost of Production/Outsourcing • Urbanisation & Improved Standard of Life • Global Market/Technology/Ideas

Economic Globalisation: Negatives • Widening Income Gaps • MNC Market Domination • Market Volatility & Economic Insecurity • Mergers & Redundancies • Inequality : Richer & Poorer Nations • Outsourcing & Challenges • Labour Movement/ Skilled Vs Unskilled • Market Protectionism • Effect of Terrorism and Other Events

Economic Globalisation: Negatives • Widening Income Gaps • MNC Market Domination • Market Volatility & Economic Insecurity • Mergers & Redundancies • Inequality : Richer & Poorer Nations • Outsourcing & Challenges • Labour Movement/ Skilled Vs Unskilled • Market Protectionism • Effect of Terrorism and Other Events

What is an MNC? Multi-National or TransNational Corporation (MNC or TNC) is a business with a headquarter in one country and business operations in many other countries.

Cultural Globalization: Definition Cultural Globalization is the transmission of culture globally facilitated by the movement of people, objects, signs and symbols. – Travel – Movement of books and cultural artifacts

What is Culture? The customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group; also : the characteristic features of everyday existence (as diversions or a way of life) shared by people in a place or time.

Aspects of Culture •Religion •Ethnicity •Nationalism •Language •Other forms of Identity

Aspects of Cultural Globalisation

• Homogenization of World under American Popular Culture or Western Consumerism • Intermingling of Cultures and Peoples: Hybrids and New Forms • Spread of World Religions • Spread of World Languages • Transnational

Secular

Causes of Cultural Globalisation • Imperialism • Capitalism • Proselytising • Migration • Media • Tourism

Cultural Globalisation: Positives • Exposure to Different Cultures • Promotion of Awareness & Greater Understanding of Cultures

Cultural Globalisation: Negatives • McCulture • Uni-directional flow of culture: Growth of homogenous culture • Cultural Imperialism • Loss of National Identity • Loss of Cultural Identity • Erosion of Moral & Cultural Values • Conflicts between Cultural & Moral Values

Americanisation • Great influence of American culture on other cultures around the globe • Many countries adopt American practices in terms of lifestyles, practices, eating & spending habits, etc. • Usually negative connotation… but DON’T generalize… • Globalisation is NOT EQUAL to Americanisation in many cases!

Cultural Globalisation: Languages

Social Globalisation: Features • National boundaries no longer contain cultural flows: Media • Rise of Global Civil Society: Global Politics • Globalisation of Crime • Global Education Networks • Global Family: Immigration • Global Religions

Social Globalisation Effects on Social Stability read page 44 notes

Globalisation: Race & Religion • Challenges of a Multi-ethnic World: Assimilation Vs Integration • Rise of Xenophobia • Challenges of a Multi-Religious Society • Rise of Religious Intolerance • Religious Extremism

Globalisation: Media Rise of Global Media Giants – AOL Time Warner, Newscorp, Disney, Sony BMG

Mergers & Acquisitions of Media Companies and global news interest

Globalisation: Media • Promotes cultural awareness • Creates awareness for social issues • Perpetrator of cultural dilution • Perpetrator of Moral dilution/confusion • Media & Politics • Media & Environment • Media & Religion • Media & Race/Ethnicity: Promotion of Stereotypes

Globalisation: Environment • Global Trade: Effect on Environment • MNCs: Effect on Environment • Travel & Transport: Effect on Environment • Bio-technology : GM Crops • Invasion of Non-native Species: Plants/Animals

Globalisation: Politics • Effects on Domestic Policy • Effects on Foreign Policy • Treaties & MOUs • Participation in International Organisations

Globalisation: Technology • Effects on Social Relationships • Effects on Politics • Effects on Economics • Effects on Race & Religion • Effects on Media • IPR Laws: Culture of profit • Effects of the Technological Divide