Giving Voice

vkeq[k ihM+k d¨ Lor% le>us ,oa O;ä djus dh ijEijk gh ^dchjh&ijEijk* gSA blhfYk, r¨ lnxq# dchj us i¨Fkh i<+us dh txg Lor% d¨ le>us ij t¨j fn;k!! dchjh&ijEijk ds ^Lo O;Fkk&dFkk* ds ijEijk ij vk/kkfjr ^VsLVheuh* d¨ ;kruk v©j laxfBr fgalk ds ihfMr¨a gsrq eu¨lekftd lkeqnkf;d dk;Z esa Yk?kq fpfdRldh; gLr{¨i ds :i es mi;¨x djuk ,d ljkguh; dne gSA fjgsfcfYkVs'ku ,.M fjlpZ lsUVj Qkj fofDVe vkQ VkpZj ¼vkj0lh0Vh0½ ds lqJh baxj vkxj ,oa ekuokf/kdkj tu fuxjkuh lfefr ds ¼ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj½ ds Y¨fuu j?kqoa'kh }kjk Á;¨x ds mijkUr m0Á0 ds dk;ZdrkZv¨a ds fYk, Ádkf'kr eSuq;Yk ^vkokt nsuk* ,d vfÒuo Á;¨x gSA vk'kk gS fd ^Lo O;Fkk& dFkk* d¨ ,d vkan¨Yku cuk;saxs!! vkidk

lUr foosd nkl vkpk;Z v/;{k] tufe«k U;kl ,oa iaFkkpk;Z] dchj iaFk

DeeJeepe osvee

1

Giving Voice

nwlj¨a ls viuh [kqf'k;k¡ ck¡Vks] c<+ tk,axhA nwlj¨a ls vius nnZ ck¡Vks] ?kV tk,axsAA &mRrj izns'k ¼Hkkjr½ dh ,d LFkkuh; dgkor

DeeJeepe osvee

2

Giving Voice

Hkwfedk ge vk'kk djrs gSa fd bl iqfLrdk ds mi;ksx }kjk ;kruk ds ihfM+r yksxksa dh Hkkouk,¡ vfHkO;Dr gks ldrh gSa vkSj mUgsa ntZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl izfd;k ds }kjk bu ihfM+rksa ds nnZ dks vkokt feyrh gSA bl izdkj ;g u dsoy mu ihfM+rksa ds iqu% lkekU; gksus esa ;ksxnku nsrk gS cfYd ekuokf/kdkjksa vkSj ekuo&xfjek ds guu dh ,slh ?kVukvksa dks iw.kZ :i ls jksdus ds izfr d`rladYi jktuhfrd la?k"kZ dk Hkh ,d vax cu tkrk gSA gesa vk'kk gS fd bl iqfLrdk ds pyrs ;kruk vkSj laxfBr fgalk ds f[kykQ py jgs jktuhfrd vfHk;ku esa bu ihfM+r yksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk usr`Ro vkSj vf/kd c<+sxkA nwljs Hkh ekuokf/kdkj&laxBu o tu&vkanksyu ;kruk vkSj laxfBr fgalk ds fo#) jk"Vªh;&varjZk"Vªh; vfHk;ku dks lcy cukus esa bl iqfLrdk dk mi;ksx djsaxs] ,slh Hkh ge vk'kk djrs gSaA MkW0 ysfuu j?kqoa'kh okjk.klh] 28ebZ 2008

DeeJeepe osvee

3

Giving Voice

vuqØe 'kCn&la{ksi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 1-

ifjp; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

1-1 1-2 1-3

ih-oh-lh-,p-vkj- ds ekuokf/kdkj laca/kh dk;Z ---------------------------------------------------------------6 vkj-lh-Vh- % Kku ds fodkl dh v¨j ----------------------------------------------------------------------------7 dk;Z'kkyk izfdz;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2-

VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dh dk;Zfof/k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

2-1

VsLVheuh&Fksjsih D;k gS\--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 VsLVheuh&fof/k ds mipkjkRed rRo -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dh dc t:jr iM+rh gS\ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 VsLVheuh dkSu ysrk gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 VsLVheuh dSls fy;k tkrk gS\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 l= ,d % dgkuh vkjaHk djuk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 l= nks % dgkuh dks lekIr djuk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 l= rhu % fu.kkZ;d fcanq & VsLVheuh dks lekjksgiwoZd iznku fd;k tkuk ----------------------------------------------------14 l= pkj % VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds ifj.kke dh fuxjkuh o ewY;kadu ds fy, Fksjsih&i'pkr~ tk¡p -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 VsLVheuh dk mi;ksx ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16

2-1-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-4-1 2-4-2 2-4-3 2-4-4 2-5

3-

lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrZkvksa vkSj ekuokf/kdkj&dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k&dk;Zdze ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17

4-

lanHkZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19

DeeJeepe osvee

4

Giving Voice

'kCn&la{ksi AHRC EU FNSt M&E PVCHR RCT TOV UN

DeeJeepe osvee

,f'k;u áweu jkbV~l deh'ku ;wjksih; la?k ÝsMfjd U;weSu fLVQVax fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu (Monitoring and Evaluation) ekuokf/kdkj tu&fuxjkuh lfefr ¼ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0½ fjgsfCkfYkVs'ku ,.M fjlpZ lsUVj Qkj fofDVe~l vkQ VkpZj ¼vkj0lh0Vh0½ ;kruk vkSj laxfBr fgalk la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ¼;wukbVsM us'ku½

5

Giving Voice

1- ifjp; ;g iqfLrdk ekuokf/kdkj tufuxjkuh lfefr ¼ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0½ vkSj ¼vkj0lh0Vh0½ ds vkilh lg;ksx ls pyk, x, ik;yV&izkstsDV ds ifj.kkeLo:i lkeus vkbZ gS A bldk fo"k; gS & VsLVheuh dk euksfpfdRldh; midj.k ds :i esa mi;ksxA 1-1 ekuokf/kdkj tufuxjkuh lfefr ¼ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0½ ds ekuokf/kdkj&laca/kh dk;Z okjk.klh ¼mRrj izns'k½ Hkkjr dk ,d vfr ikjaifjd] #f<+oknh vkSj i`Fkd {ks= gSA lu~ 1996 esa blh 'kgj esa lnL;rk ij vk/kkfjr ekuokf/kdkj&vkanksyu ds :i esa ¼ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0½ dh LFkkiuk gqbZA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dk dk;Z gS &Hkkjrh; lekt ds oafpr rcd¨a tSls cPpksa] vkSjrksa] nfyrksa vkSj vkfnokfl;ksa ds fy, e©fyd vf/kdkj lqfuf'pr djuk vkSj yksdrakf=d ewY;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ekuokf/kdkj&laLd`fr dh LFkkiukA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dh fopkj/kkjk MkW0 Hkhejko vacsMdj ls izsfjr gSA vacsMdj nfyr&vkanksyu ds firk Fks vkSj mUgksaus czkg~e.kokn vkSj tkfr ij vk/kkfjr Å¡p&uhp dh O;oLFkk] tks iwjs Hkkjr esa izpfyr Fkh] ds f[kykQ thou Hkj la?k"kZ fd;kA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 mRrj izns'k ds 45 xk¡oksa esa tehuh Lrj ij dk;Z dj jgk gSA LFkkuh; ekuokf/kdkj dk;ZdrZkvksa ds xgu lg;ksx ls ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 xk¡oksa esa ekuokf/kdkjksa ds xaHkhj mYya?ku dh ?kVukvksa dks vfHkys[khd`r djrk gSA Vhe esa iw.kZdkfyd deZpkjh gksrs gSaA buds lkFk ¼{¨«kh; deZpkjh½ QhYM&LVkQ gksrs gS tks lky Hkj ds fy, ;k dke dh vko';drk ds vuqlkj fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA fof'k"V fo"k;ksa&eqn~nksa ij jk; nsus ds fy, ijke'kZnkrk fu;qDr fd, tkrs gSaA 45 xk¡oksa esa ekuokf/kdkj dk;ZdrZk ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 ds Lo;alsodksa ds :i esa dke dj jgs gSaA Hkkjrh; lekt vkt Hkh lkearokn vkSj tkfr O;oLFkk ds izHkko ls ihfM+r gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esas ;g izo`fRr fo'ks"k :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA tkfr&O;oLFkk nqHkZkX;o'k vkt Hkh ns'k ds jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd thou dh fn'kk r; djrh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA f'k{kk&O;oLFkk esa] dk;Z&LFkyksa ij] xk¡oksa vkSj 'kgjksa esa vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd vnkyrksa esa Hkh tkfr&vk/kkfjr HksnHkko tkjh gSA Hkkjr esa ekuokf/kdkj guu dk ,d vfr t?kU; vkSj cgqizpfyr :i gS &iqfyl dLVMh esa nh xbZ ;kruk] ftldk tkfr&vk/kkfjr HksnHkko ls xgjk laca/k gSA vkijkf/kd tk¡p&iM+rky ds nkSjku lafnX/kksa dks ;kruk nh tkrh gS] ftlls fd os vijk/k dcwy dj ysaA pw¡fd ,sls ekeyksa dh tk¡p ds fy, dksbZ Lora= ,tsalh ugha gS] izk;% budh f'kdk;rksa dh leqfpr leh{kk ugha gksrh vkSj izrkfM+r djus okykas ij u rks dsl pyrk gS] u gh mUgsa naM feyrk gSA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dh ,d egRoiw.kZ xfrfof/k gS & ekuokf/kdkj guu dh ?kVukvksa dh tk¡p&iM+rky vkSj vfHkys[khdj.k ¼M¨D;qesUVs'ku½ djukA fo'ks"kdj iqfyl dLVMh esa nh xbZ ;kruk ds ekeyksas esa ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dkuwuh lgk;rk Hkh iznku dj jgk gSA tu&tkx#drk c<+kus ds fy, ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 ehfM;k vkSj blds lkFk&lkFk jk"Vªh; vkSj varjZk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj&usVodksaZ ls lg;ksx dj jgk gSA ;g LFkkuh; Lo'kklu o Á'kklu (local authorities) ls Hkh dk;Zokgh 'kq# djus dk vuqjks/k djrk gS] ftlls vc vkxs gksus okyh ekuokf/kdkj guu dh ?kVuk,¡ jksdh tk ldsaA vfÒY¨[khdj.k dk mi;¨x iSjoh ds fYk, g¨rk gS rFkk LFkkuh;] jk"Vªh; v©j vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBu¨ ds usVodZ ds fYk, Ádkf'kr fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd dsl esa izHkkoh iSjoh] vtsZaV vihy ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 ds izeq[k lk>hnkj&laxBu ,f'k;kbZ ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ¼,0,p0vkj0lh0½ ds xgu lg;ksx ls dh tkrh gSA uhfr;ksa dks O;ogkj:i esa ykxw djus ds fy, ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 us viuh ekWMy ladYiuk ^tufe= xk¡o* dks pkj pqus gq, xk¡o¨a o dLc¨a esa ykxw fd;k gS ftuesa ls rhu xzkeh.k {ks=ksa vkSj ,d 'kgjh {ks= esa gSA bu xk¡oksa esa xjhc vkSj misf{kr yksxksa dh la[;k dkQh vf/kd gS] v)Zlkearh laca/k izpyu esa gSa vkSj dkuwu&O;oLFkk fcYdqy ypj gSA bu ekWMy tufe= xk¡oksa esa 7000 xzkeh.k vkSj 1000 'kgjh fuoklh gSaA lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj QSlyksa esa ykHkkfUor yksxksa dh yxkrkj Hkkxhnkjh

DeeJeepe osvee

6

Giving Voice

,d izeq[k fl)kar gSA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 bu xk¡oksa esa f'k{kk&O;oLFkk dks lqxe cukus esa yxk gqvk gSA blds fy, fu"izHkkoh izkbejh Ldwyksa dks fQj ls iVjh ij ykus ds iz;kl tkjh gSaA yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk vkSj vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dks c<+kok fn;k tk jgk gSA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dh nwljh xfrfof/k;k¡ oafpr rcd¨a ds lakxBfud fodkl vkSj xzke&lfefr;ksa ds fØ;kUo;u ij dsafnzr gSaA izR;sd tufe= xk¡o esa ,d lkeqnkf;d dsanz LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS] tks fodkl&dk;ksZa ,oa lkewfgd igYk ds fy, csl&dSai dk dke dj jgk gSA ekWMy xk¡oksa esa pykbZ tkus okyh ,d izeq[k xfrfof/k gS & yksd&fon~;ky;A yksd&fon~;ky;ksa ds ek/;e ls lkekU; yksx Hkh leqnk;&vk/kkfjr dkmalfyax esa lfØ; :i ls yxs gq, gSaA bu fon~;ky;ksa dh lkeqnkf;d cSBdksa esa yksx vius d"Vksa ds ckjs esa VsLVheuh iznku dj ldrs gSa vkSj lewg ls lgk;rk izkIr dj ldrs gSaA izk;% bu cSBdksa esas fpark ds fo"k; gksrs gSa & fdlh dk vius xzke&iz/kku ls la?k"kZ ;k fdlh ;kruk dk vuqHkoA efgykvksa ds fy, Hkh fo'ks"k Qksje laxfBr fd, tkrs gSaA ;gk¡ vf/kdrj LokLF; ls lacaf/kr leL;kvksa ij cgl gksrh gS] ij dHkh&dHkh ngst tSls eqn~nksa ij Hkh ppkZ gksrh gSA xk¡o okyksa ds c;ku ntZ fd, tkrs gSa vkSj mudh ek¡xsa iz'kklu vkSj ljdkj rd igq¡pk;h tkrh gSaA bZ0;w0 (EU) vkSj ,Q0,u0,l0Vh0 (FNSt) lefFkZr ^Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; ;kruk&jks/kh izkstsDV* ihiqYl okp ¼rfeyukMq½ }kjk fdz;kfUor fd;k x;kA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 blesa ,d izeq[k lk>hnkj jgk gSA bl izkstsDV ¼2006&2008½ dk mn~ns'; Fkk& iqfyl }kjk iz;ksx fd, tkus okys ;kruk ds rjhdksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku j[krs gq, Hkkjr esa ,d jk"Vªh; ;kruk&jks/kh vfHk;ku 'kq# djuk vkSj bldk ekWMy cukukA ;g izkstsDV 9 jkT;ksa esa pyk;k x;kA fofHkUu izdkj ds ekuokf/kdkj guu ihfM+rksa ds fy, dkmalfyax vkSj eukslkekftd lgk;rk ds {ks= esa lkeF;Z&foLrkj vkSj ukjh&vf/kdkjksa ij fo'ks"k /;ku j[krs gq, ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 vius dslodZ ¼O;fäxr ekuokf/kdkj ds ekeYk¨a d¨½ dk foLrkj djuk pkgrk gSA 1-2 fjgsfcfYkVs'ku ,.M fjlpZ ls.Vj Qkj fofDVe~l vkQ VkpZj ¼vkj-lh-Vh-½ % Kku ds fodkl dh v¨j fjgsfcfYkVs'ku ,.M fjlpZ ls.Vj Qkj fofDVe~l vkQ VkpZj ¼vkj-lh-Vh-½ dksisugsxu ¼MsuekdZ½ esa fLFkr gSA ;kruk&tfur ekuoh ihM+k dks dSls de fd;k tk;] blds ckjs esa uohu Kku dk ;ksxnku nsuk vkj0lh0Vh0 ds fe'ku esa 'kkfey gSA vkj0lh0Vh0 ds orZeku varjkZ"Vªh; lk>hnkj&laxBu ;kruk&ihfM+rksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, vusd izdkj dh dkmalfyax dk mi;ksx djrs gSa( ij vyx&vyx laxBu dkmalfyax dh ladYiuk dk vyx&vyx vFkZ fudkyrs gaSA vr% vf/kd lqxfBr vkSj rF;&vk/kkfjr vYidkyc) eukslkekftd gLr{ksi&fof/k;ksa (short-term psychosocial intervention methods) dh t:jr gS] tks lhfer lalk/ku&;qDr tehuh lanHkZ esa dke vk ldsaA pw¡fd ;g ckr fln~/k gks pqdh gS fd VsLVheuh&fof/k fofo/k lkaLd`frd&HkkSxksfyd lanHkksZa esa mi;ksxh gS] bl vkilh lg;ksx ls pyk, x, (collaborative) izkstsDV dk ekuuk Fkk fd ;fn VsLVheuh&fof/k dks Hkkjrh; fLFkfr;ksa ds vuq:i
DeeJeepe osvee

7

Giving Voice

bu ik¡p fnuksa esa VsLVheuh ysus ds fofHkUUk pj.kksa dks ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k vkSj mudk vH;kl fd;k x;k A blds vykok VsLVheuh ekWMYk ¼LoO;Fkk dFkk½ esa ,d u;k rRo ^/;ku&;¨x* ¼esfMVs'ku½ tksM+k x;kA mlds ckn ds ik¡p fnuksa esa ,d i;Zosf{kr (Supervised) izfØ;k esa lgHkkfx;ksa us ;kruk ds f'kdkj 23 yksxksa ls VsLVheuh fy;kA bu lR;&?kVukvksa ls izkIr vuqHkoksa vkSj QhMcSd us ,d Hkkjrh; VsLVheuh ds fofHkUu pj.kksa dks vkSj 'kksf/kr djus esa lgk;rk nhA izf'k{k.k&dk;ZØe okjk.klh ftyk&eq[;ky; ds lkeus ,d lekjksg }kjk laiUu gqvk] ftlesa 14 ihfM+rksa dks muds VsLVheuh&i= iznku fd, x,A VsLVheuh&i=ksa dks lkoZtfud :i ls i<+k x;kA izR;sd ihfM+r dks ,d lwrh 'kkWy ¼;g Hkkjr esa lEeku dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gS½ ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA muds lEeku esa O;k[;ku Hkh fn, x, ftlesa mudh cgknqjh dh iz'kalk dh xbZ vkSj U;k; ikus ds fy, la?k"kZ tkjh j[kus esa mudk mRlkgo/kZu fd;k x;kA flrEcj 2008 esa mÙkj Áns'k ds ekufld LokLF; fo'¨"kK¨a ds lkFk vk;¨ftr ifjlaokn esa eSuqvYk ij ppkZ gqbZ v©j bls okjk.klh ds dk'kh fgUnw fo'ofo|kYk; ¼ch0,p0;w0½ esa vk;¨ftr O;k[;ku esa vkj0lh0Vh0 eu¨lkekftd ijke'kZnk«kh ,oa Mk0 Y¨fuu }kjk ÁLrqr fd;k x;kA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dh nwljs ekuokf/kdkj&laxBuksa dks Hkh VsLVheuh&fof/k ds mi;ksx esa izf'k{k.k nsus dhs ;kstuk gS] ftlls VsLVheuh&dk;Z dks vkxs c<+k;k tk ldsA ih0oh0lh0,p0vkj0 dh n`f"V esa ;kruk vkSj laxfBr fgalk ds VsLVheuh ysuk ,d tu&vaknksyu gSA ftlds oS;fDrd] dkuwuh vkSj izf'k{k.k&laca/kh igyw gSaA oS;fDrd igyw ds pyrs lkeqnkf;d&vaknksyu esa ihfM+rksa dh lgHkkfxrk ds volj c<+rs gaS ftleas ihfM+r igys survivors ¼;kruk ds f'kdkj] ij la?k"kZjr Yk¨x½ vkSj fQj ekuokf/kdkj&izfrj{kd ds :i esa mHkjrs gSaA dkuwuh igyw gesa VsLVheuh&Fksjsih rd igq¡pk ldrk gS] ftlds oS;fDrd vkSj lewgxr ;k lkoZtfud vk;ke gSaA yksd&fon~;ky;ksa dh cSBdksa esa ;k lkoZtfud lekjksgksa esa VsLVheuh i<+ dj lquk, tkrs gSaA mPp inkf/kdkfj;ksa] jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa] ljdkjh ekuokf/kdkj laLFkkvksa] fo/kkueaMyksa vkSj iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lg;ksx ls buesa uhfrxr ekeyksa ds lek/kku fudyus ds ekSds curs gSaA iqLrd&izdk'ku] vtsZaV vihyksa] baVjusV ij ekuokf/kdkj&viMsV] la;qDr jk"Vª dks lwpuk Hkstus vkSj i=&if=dkvksa esa ys[kksa ds fy, VsLVheuh dk mi;ksx gks ldrk gSA budk mu vfHk;kuksa esa Hkh mi;ksx gks ldrk gS] ftuesa ;kruk&ihfM+r yksxksa dh ihM+k dk euksoSKkfud fp=.k ¼psychological mapping½ f'kdkj&O;fDr dh ihM+k dks n'kkZrk gS vkSj bl izdkj ekuo&vkRek ij ;kruk ds t?kU; nq"izHkko dh xokgh nsrk gSA

DeeJeepe osvee

8

Giving Voice

2- VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dh dk;Zfof/k 2-1 VsLVheuh&Fksjsih D;k gS\ VsLVheuh (Testimony) 'kCn dk vFkZ gS & ^LoO;Fkk&dFkk* ¼viuh ihM+k dh dgkuh lqukuk½A blds fganh vkSj vaxzsth] nksuksa esa nqgjs HkkokFkZ gSaA ;g oLrqijd ¼dkuwuh] lkoZtfud vkSj jktuhfrd½ dFku Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj O;fDrijd ¼jspd] vk/;kfRed] HkkoukRed vkSj O;fDrxr½ HkhA VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds izHkko dk laca/k bu nksuksa HkkokFkksaZ esa g¨ ldrk gS fd ihfM+rksa dks ;g le>us ;k iquZifjHkkf"kr djus esa enn fey ldrh gS] v©j lkFk gh mudh O;fDrxr ihM+k okLro esa O;fDrxr ugha] cfYd ,d jktuhfrd ;k lkoZtfud leL;k gSA = dkuwuh VsLVheuh fdlh rF; ;k dFku ds i{k esa izek.k gks ldrk gSA ;g fdlh izdkj dk ,slk izek.k Hkh gks ldrk gS] tks vnkyrksa esa iz;qDr gks ldsA = O;fDrijd ^HkkoukRed* VsLVheuh dksbZ [kqyk dcwyukek vFkok fdlh vLohd`fr ;k fuank dh vfHkO;fDr ;k ?kks"k.kk ds :i esa gks ldrk gSA ftl VsLVheuh esa dkuwuh igyqvksa ij tksj gks] mls ^dBksj vkSj uhjl* ¼lw;Z vkSj ikS#"k xq.kksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gqvk½ dh laKk Òkjrh; vk;qosZfnd fpfdRlk'kkL«k esa nh tk ldrh gSA t¨ ,yksiSfFkd ¼if'peh fpfdRlk'kkL=½ nok dh rjg gSA tks ihfM+r dBksj vkSj uhjl VsLVheuh nsrs gSa os viuh Hkkouk,¡ iznf'kZr djus dk iz;kl ugha djrsA ,sls yksx ^etcwr vkSj dBksj iq#"k* dh iqjkuh vo/kkj.kk esa fo'okl j[kus okys gks ldrs gSaA ;s Hkfo"; esa izfrc) vkSj dV~Vj jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ ds :i esa mHkj ldrs gSaA ftl VsLVheuh esa HkkoukRed igyqvksa ij tksj gks] mls ^dksey vkSj ljl* ¼panzek vkSj ukjh xq.kksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrk gqvk½ dh laKk nh tk ldrh gSA ,slk VsLVheuh gksfe;ksiSfFkd nok dh rjg gksrk gSA pw¡fd lHkh euq";ksa esa ;s nksuksa igyw fo|eku gksrs gSaA vr% ;fn dksbZ ihf+M+r buesa ls dsoy ,d dks gh O;Dr djus esa l{ke gS] ml fLFkfr esa iq#"k vkSj ukjh vk;keksa ds chp ,d leqfpr larqyu cuk, j[kus esa lgk;rk djuk VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gSA rc Hkh] VsLVheuh&Fksjsih esa ihfM+r dh dgkuh ds O;fDrijd vkSj HkkoukRed igyqvksa ij gh tksj jgrk gS] ;|fi ;g VsLVheuh dkuwuh ;k jktuhfrd la?k"kZ esa Hkh mi;ksxh gks ldrk gSA VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dk mn; fpyh esa lSfud rkuk'kkgh ds nkSjku gqvkA vius fofHkUu :iksa esa ;g 20 o"kksZa ls Hkh vf/kd le; ls vusd lkaLd`frd vkSj jktuhfrd lanHkksZa esa iz;ksx dh xbZ gS & MsuekdZ] uhnjySaM] teZuh] cksfLu;k] dkslksoks vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa ¼'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy,½] ekstkafcd esa ¼x`g&;q) ihfM+rksa ds fy,½] bZjkd esa ¼ekuoh; 1 lgk;rk&dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy,½ vkSj ;qxkaMk esa ¼lwMkuh 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy,½ A 2-1-1 VsLVheuh&fof/k ds mipkjkRed rRo = la?k"kZjr ihfM+r ekuokf/kdkjksa ds ifjizs{; esa viuh dgkuh ntZ djkrs gSaA blls os viuk vkRelEeku vkSj e;kZnk iqu% izkIr djrs gSaA bl izdkj mudh O;fDrxr ihM+k iquZifjHkkf"kr gksdj jktuhfrd vFkZ izkIr djrh gSA = la?k"kZjr ihfM+r viuh VqdM+s&VqdM+s esa c¡Vh dgkuh dks Øec) :i nsus esa lgk;rk izkIr djrk gSA bl izdkj mlds lkFk ?kVh rukoiw.kZ ?kVuk,¡ ,dc) gksdj ,d lqlaxr dFkkud ds :i esa mHkjrh gSa] tks larqfyr gksrk gS vkSj blesa dgkuh ds dBksj ,oa dksey nksuksa rRo gksrs gSaA 1 fofHkUu lanHkksZa esa VsLVheuh&fof/k ij ys[kksa ds fy, lanHkZ&lwph ns[ksaA

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Giving Voice

la?k"kZjr ihfM+rksa dks rukoiw.kZ ?kVuk ds {k.kksa esa vuqHko fd, x, Hk; ls iqu% :c: djk;k tkrk gSA lqjf{kr] = lg;ksxiw.kZ vkSj vFkZiw.kZ lanHkZ esa ml Hk; dks iqu% vuqHko djus ls ihfM+rksa dks viuh orZeku HkkoukRed izfrfdz;kvksa dks le>us esa vkSj fpark rFkk rukoiw.kZ izfrfØ;kvksa dks de djus esa enn fey ldrh gSA la?k"kZjr ihfM+r ;g le> ikrs gSa fd mudh orZeku lksp vkSj izfrfØ;k,¡ dgk¡ ls vkSj dSls fodflr gqbZ gSaA vkSj = dqN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;k¡ tSls& fdlh iqfylokys dks ns[kuk& dSls fdlh fo'ks"k Hk;&vuqfØ;k (response) dks tUe ns ldrh gSaA VsLVheuh&fof/k esa /;ku&;¨x tksM+k x;k gS] tks ruko vkSj fpark dks vkSj de djus esa mi;ksxh gSA blls ln~fopkjksa = vkSj dqfopkjkas ds izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh c<+rh gSA blds vfrfjDr /;ku&;¨x Hkkjrh; ijaijk dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gSA 2-2 VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dh dc t:jr iM+rh gS\ vnkyrh dk;Zokgh esa mi;ksx ds fy, dkuwuh VsLVheuh fy, tkrs le; lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrkZ ;k ekuokf/kdkj&dk;ZdrkZ dk /;ku bl ckr ij tk ldrk gS fd ihfM+r xaHkhj eukslkekftd ;k HkkoukRed leL;kvksa ls ihfM+r gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ihfM+r dks VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds fy, fjQj djuk mi;qDr gksxkA dsoy pkSng o"kZ ls Åij ds L=h&iq#"kksa dks gh VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds fy, fjQj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A = ihfM+r TOV ¼;kruk v©j laxfBr fgalk½ izkFkfed ;k f}rh;d f'kdkj gks ldrk gSA f}rh;d f'kdkj izk;% vkSjrsa = gksrh gSa ftudks iqfyl dh fiVkbZ ;k xkyh lgu djuh iM++rh gS] tcfd izkFkfed f'kdkj fxj¶rkj gq, yksx gksrs gSaA euksoSKkfud :i ls izk;% ;s izkFkfed ihfM+rksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd dqizHkkfor gksrh gSaA ;fn ihfM+r xaHkhj volkn ;k fdUgha nwljs euksjksx&y{k.kksa ls xzLr gS ¼bl fLFkfr esa ihfM+r dks fdlh euksfpfdRld dks = fjQj djuk pkfg,½1A ihfM+r fdlh jktuhfrd ;k ekuokf/kdkj tkx#drk&vfHk;ku dh Lo&mipkj izfØ;k esa lfØ; gSA = ihfM+r Fksjsih ds fy, izsfjr ugha gSA rks mls Fksjsih ds fy, fjQj ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A = fdlh esfMdy] euksoSKkfud ;k lekt&dk;Z i`"BHkwfe okys LVkQ&lnL; dks bl ckr dk ewY;kadu djuk pkfg, fd fdu yksxksa dks VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds fy, fjQj fd;k tk;A fQj mls mUgsa izf'kf{kr lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrkZvksa ;k ekuokf/kdkj&dk;ZdrkZvksa dks vxzlkfjr djuk pkfg,A 2-3 VsLVheuh dkSu ysrk gS\ ;kruk&ihfM+rksa ds fy, VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dk iz;ksx dsoy rHkh laHko gS] tc mudks FksjsfiLVksa ¼Fksjsih dk mu ij iz;ksx djus okyksa½ ij iwjk Hkjkslk gksA blfy, FksjfiLVksa dks fdlh ,slh laLFkk ls gksuk pkfg,] ftldks ihfM+r igys ls tkurs gksa vkSj ftlesa mudh vkLFkk gksA cgqr laHko gS fd ;g dksbZ ,slk ekuokf/kdkj&laxBu gks] tks igys gh ihfM+rksa ds dkuwuh VsLVheuh fy;k gks vkSj vnkyrh U;k; vkSj {kfriwfrZ ikus dh mudh yM+kbZ esa mudk lkFk fn;k gks A ____________________ 1 dHkh&dHkh iqfyl dLVMh esa gqbZ ekSrksa dh f}rh;d ihfM+r ¼vf/kdrj fo/kok,¡½ volknxzLr fn[krh rks gSa && D;ksafd lekt muls ,slh gh vis{kk j[krk gS &&ysfdu os okLro esa ¼fpfdRldh; n`f"Vdks.k ls½ volknxzLr ugha gksrhaA ,slh vkSjrksa dks efgyk lgk;rk lewgksa dks fjQj djuk pkfg, vkSj mUgsa "glamourized" djuk pkfg,A

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Giving Voice

VsLVheuh&Fksjsih esa nks dk;Zdrkvksa ¼FksjsfiLVksa½ dh t:jr iM+rh gSA ,d O;fDr ihfM+r dk lk{kkRdkj ysrk gS] tcfd nwljk mldh ckrksa dk uksV ysrk gSA bl izdkj ;s nksuksa lg&FksjsfiLV ¼co-therapists½ VsLVheuh ds foLr`rhdj.k ¼elaboration½ esa ,d nwljs dk lg;ksx djrs gSaA = tehuh Lrj ij dke djus okys lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrkZ ;k ekuokf/kdkj&dk;ZdrkZ vFkok fdlh egRoiw.kZ LFkku ij dk;Z dj jgs lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ FksjsfiLV cu ldrs gSaA FksjsfiLV de ls de gkbZ Ldwy rd f'kf{kr gksus pkfg, vkSj muds ikl rhu lky dk QhYM&vuqHko gksuk pkfg,A lHkh dks VsLVheuh&Fksjsih esa izf'kf{kr gksuk pkfg,A

= efgyk ihfM+rksa dk VsLVheuh ysus ds fy, FksjsfiLV Hkh ¼vkSj ;fn laHko gks rks nqHkkf"k;k Hkh½ efgyk,¡ gksuh pkfg,A

iq#"k ihfM+rksa ds VsLVheuh lkekU;r% nksuksa fyaxksa ds FksjsfiLV ys ldrs gSa ¼;kSu&mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa dks NksM+dj½A = Hkkjr ds dqN Hkkxksa esa nqHkkf"k;ksa dh t:jr iM+ ldrh gSA mUgsa Hkh VsLVheuh&fof/k esa vo'; izf'kf{kr gksuk pkfg,A = FksjsfiLVksa dks ihfM+r xk¡o dk gh ugha gksuk pkfg,A = VsLVheuh ysus dk dk;Z ihfM+r }kjk pquh gqbZ fdlh ,dkar txg ij gksuk pkfg,A ihfM+r ds ?kj ij ;k fdlh lkeqnkf;d dsanz ij ;g gks ldrk gSA

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Giving Voice

2-4 VsLVheuh dSls fy;k tkrk gS\ VsLVheuh&Fksjsih dk dk;Z pkj l=ksa rd pyrk gS] ftlesa fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu ¼M&E½ Hkh 'kkfey gSA M&E okaNuh; gS vkSj blds fy, Fksjsih&iwoZ vkSj Fksjsih &i'pkr~ vkdyuksa dh t:jr iM+rh gSA ftlesa ,d iz'ukoyh HkjokbZ tkrh gSA M&E ihfM+rksa ds lkekftd] tulakf[;dh;] eukslkekftd vkSj LokLF;&laca/kh fo'ks"k y{k.kksa dh vf/kd Li"V :i ls igpku djus esa lgk;d gSA Fksjsih&iwoZ vkdyu ds lkFk ,d cslykbu Hkh LFkkfir gks tkrh gS] ftldh rqyuk dk;Z ds gLr{ksi&i'pkr~ Lrjksa ls dh tk ldrh gSA1 = l=ksa dh vof/k % 90&120 feuVA l= 'kq# gksus ds igys gh ihfM+r dks l=ksa dh la[;k vkSj vof/k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh tkuh pkfg,A 2

= /;ku&;¨x % igys vkSj nwljs l= esa FksjsfiLVksa ds ekxZfunsZ'ku esa /;ku&;¨x fd;k tkrk gSA blesa ihfM+r vkSj nks

FksjsfiLV nl feuV rd cSBrs gSaA os ekSu jgdj viuh lk¡l ij ,dkxzfpRr gksus dk iz;kl djrs gSa vkSj vius fopkjksa vkSj Hkkoukvksa ds izfr ltx jgrs gSAa /;ku izk;% l= ds vra esa fd;k tkrk gSA = dgkuh fy[kuk % l=ksa ds nkSjku uksV ysus okyk FksjsfiLV VsLVheuh dks uksV&:i esa fy[krk gSA l=kas ds ckn lk{kkRdkjdrkZ vkSj uksV ysus okyk vkilh lg;ksx ls dgkuh ds NwV x, Hkkxksa dks iwjk djrs gSa vkSj dFkkud dk dEI;wVj&izk:i rS;kj djrs gSaA = dgkuh dk O;kdj.k % fyf[kr VsLVheuh esa dgkuh ÁFke O;fDr ds #i esa gksrh gS ¼^eq>s vuqHko gqvk* ds :i esa & ^mlus vuqHko fd;k* ds :i esa ugha½A ihM+knk;d ?kVukvksa dh dgkuh Hkwrdky esa fy[kh tkrh gS] tcfd dgkuh ls mRiUu laosnuk,¡ vkSj Hkkouk,¡ orZeku dky esa fy[kh tkrh gSaA /;ku ds fy, funsZ'k 1- viuh jh<+ dks lh/kk djds cSBsa A gFksfy;ksa dks ?kqVukas ij j[k ysaA ;fn laHko gks] tehu ij ikyFkh ekj ds cSBsa] vU;Fkk nksuksa ik¡o tehu ls yxk dj dqlhZ ij cSBsaA 2- vk¡[ksa can dj ysaA 3- viuk /;ku isV dh rjQ yk,¡ vkSj lk¡l Hkjrs le; bls mBrs gq, o NksM+rs le; fxjrs gq, eglwl djsaA 4- lk¡lksa ij iw.kZ ,dkxz jgsasA 5- tc Hkh vkidk eu lk¡l ls gVs] /;ku nsa fdl pht us vkidks nwj gVk;k vkSj iqu% lk¡l ij /;ku ,dkxz djsaA ;fn dksbZ fopkj vkids eu esa ckj&ckj vkrk gS] mldk Lokxr djsa vkSj viuk /;ku fQj ls lk¡l ij yk,¡A 6- de ls de nl feuV rd bldk vH;kl djsaA

1 bl rqyuk ls izkIr ifj.kke eukslkekftd gLr{ksiksa ds ifj.kke dh tk¡p ds egRo ds ckjs esa tkx#drk c<+kus esa vfr&mi;ksxh gSaA bl tkx#drk ls dk;Zfof/k (methodology) esa lq/kkjksa dh xqatkb'k curh gSA blds ckotwn] fu;a=.k&lewgksa ds vHkko esa dk;Zfof/k ds izHkkoksa dks iw.kZ oSKkfud ekU;rk (validity) ls ugha ekik tk ldrkA 2 ns[ksa Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990,2005). Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain and Illness. U;w ;kdZ % MsYVk VªsM isijcSDl

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Giving Voice

= lkfFk;ksa esa lg;ksx dk vknku&iznku % FksjsfiLVksa dks ,sls lewg cukus pkfg,] ftlesa os ijLij lg;ksx dj ldsa

vkSj ,d nwljs dks lqijokbt dj ldsaA bu lewgksa dh lnL;&la[;k 2 ;k 2 ls vf/kd gks ldrh gSA TOV ¼;kruk v©j laxfBr fgalk½ ds ihfM+rksa ds lkFk dke djuk] fdlh ds fy, Hkh rukotU; gks ldrk gSA 2-4-1 l= ,d % dgkuh vkjHak djuk VsLVheuh&Fkssjsih ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls le>k;k tkrk gSA ihfM+r dks Fksjsih ds euks'kSf{kd ifjp; ls bldh 'kq#vkr = gksrh gSA ftlesa mls le>k;k tkrk gS fd mlds }kjk Hkksxh xbZ ;kruk vkSj lkoZÒ©fed ekuokf/kdkj&guu] nksuksa ls mRiUu y{k.k mlesa fn[kkbZ iM+ jgs gSaA Fksjsih vizksp ¼vfÒxe½ dk izkjafHkd ifjp;% ihfM+r dks ;g ugha le>uk pkfg, fd VsLVheuh dk rRdky U;k; vkSj = {kfriwfrZ ikus dh vk'kk ls dksbZ lh/kk laca/k gS] cfYd ;g ;kruk ds euksoSKkfud dqizHkkoksa ds mipkj dk ,d mik; gSA M&E ¼fuxjkuh ,oa ewY;kadu½ iz'ukoyh Hkjh tkrh gS% ;g le>k;k tkrk gS fd fy, tk jgs vk¡dMs+ xksiuh; j[ks = tk,axs vkSj mudk iz;ksx dsoy ;kruk&ihfM+rksa dh lgk;rk ds rjhds fodflr djus esa gh gksxkA igyh ihM+knk;d ?kVuk ;k izrkM+uk ds iwoZ dh O;fDrxr i`"BHkwfe vkSj oS;fDrd bfrgkl dk laf{kIr fooj.k ysuk = pkfg,A ihfM+r ls [kqys izdkj ds iz'u fd, tkrs gSa] ftlls og vuqHko dh gqbZ ihM+knk;d ?kVukvksa dks la{ksi esa crk, vkSj = viuh lcls Hkkjh ihM+knk;d ?kVuk dks pqu ysA FksjsfiLV fofHkUu ?kVukvksa dk laf{kIr o.kZu djrs gSa] ftlls ihfM+r dks viuk dksbZ vuqHko crkus esa vklkuh eglwl = gks vkSj og okLro esa dFkkud dh iquZlajpuk 'kq# dj ldsA FksjsfiLV dbZ xqRFkexqRFkk dgkfu;ksa dks vyx&vyx djrk gS ¼;fn ihfM+r dbZ ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa crkuk pkgrk gS½ ( = FksjsfiLV fo"k;ksa dks Øe ls j[krk gS vkSj f}vFkhZ fooj.kksa dks Li"V djus esa enn djrk gSA = ;g t:jh gS fd fLFkfr FksjsfiLV ds fu;a=.k esa jgs vkSj og ihfM+r dks dgkuh ds eq[; fcanqvksa rd igq¡pk,A ihfM+r bl ?kVuk ls lacaf/kr rF;ksa ¼le;] LFkku] vof/k vkSj 'kkfey yksx½( ?kVuk ds nkSjku ihfM+r dh Hkwfedk¼izs{kd] = lfØ; ;k fuf"Ø; lgHkkxh½( vuqHko ds oS;fDrd vkSj lkekftd vk;ke( ?kVuk ds le; ihfM+r dk varcksZ/k vkSj Hkkouk,¡( VsLVheuh Fkssjsih ds le; ihfM+r dk varcksZ/k vkSj Hkkouk,¡ dk o.kZu djrk gSA FksjsfiLV ¼lk{kkRdkjdrkZ vkSj uksV ysus okyk½ ihfM+r ckrksa ij lgkuqHkwfr nsus okys vkSj ihfM+r dh ckrksa dks ekuus = okys gksrs gSaA os dgkuh dh vlaxfr;ksa ij izseiwoZd ihfM+r dk /;ku ys tkrs gSaA os ihfM+r dks ftruk laHko gks] mrus foLrkj ls ihM+knk;d ?kVukvksa dks crkus vkSj ml {k.k esa vuqHko gqbZ Hkkoukvksa vkSj varcksZ/k dks izdV djus ds fy, mRlkfgr djrs gSaA FksjsfiLV ihfM+r dks lkaRouk nsus ds fy, mldk Li'kZ dj ldrk gS¼tSls mldh ck¡g FkiFkikuk½ ysfdu ;g laLd`fr = ds izfrdwy ugha gksuk pkfg,A l= ds var esa /;ku dk vH;kl djk;k tkrk gSA = 2-4-2 l= nks% dgkuh lekIr djuk l= ds vkjaHk esa ,d FksjsfiLV ihfM+r dks fyf[kr VsLVheuh rst vkokt esa i< +dj lqukrk gSA blls ihfM+r dks yxrk = gS fd mldh dgkuh dks vkokt fey jgh gSA ihfM+r ls dgkuh esa lq/kkj djus ;k dqN NwVk gqvk tksM+us ds fy, dgk tkrk gSA igys l= dh rjg gh FksjsfiLV l= tkjh j[krs gSaA =

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Giving Voice

FksjsfiLV fo'ks"k :i ls ihM+knk;d vuqHko vkSj orZeku ifjfLFkfr ds chp laca/k ij viuk /;ku dsafnzr j[krs gSaA = os ihfM+r dks ¼oS;fDrd] ikfjokfjd vkSj lkeqnkf;d½ Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa viuh Hkkouk,¡ O;Dr djus ds fy, mRlkfgr = djrs gSaA l= ds var esa /;ku dk vH;kl djk;k tkrk gSA = l= ds ckn FksjsfiLV nLrkost esa t:jh lq/kkj djrs gSa vkSj VsLVheuh dk vafre izk:i rS;kj djrs gSaA = 2-4-3 l= rhu% fu.kkZ;d fcanq & VsLVheuh dks lekjksgiwoZd iznku fd;k tkuk

la'kksf/kr nLrkost ihfM+r dks i<+ dj lquk;k tkrk gSA bl ij ihfM+r vkSj FksjsfiLV ds gLrk{kj fy, tkrs gSa vkSj = nLrkost ihfM+r ds lqiqnZ dj fn;k tkrk gSA VsLVheuh dk vafre izk:i bl rjg ls rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS fd ;g yksxksa dks vf/kd ls vf/kd vihy djs vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd lqanj fn[ks ¼tSls vPNs dkxt ij gks] ftYnc) gks] igyk ist lqanj gks vkSj bl ij ihfM+r dh QksVks yxh gks½A VsLVheuh&i= ihfM+r dh lgefr ls fdlh lkoZtfud lekjksg esa tSls &vnkyr ds lkeus ;k lkeqnkf;d cSBd esa ;k yksd&fon~;ky; dh cSBd esa iznku fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkoZtfud cSBd esa ihfM+r ds VsLVheuh dk mi;ksx djuk 'kksf"kr yksxksa dh ihM+k dks vkokt nsus dk ,d l'kDr = ek/;e gSA ;g ihfM+r ds iqu% LoLFk gksus dh izfØ;k esa ,d fu.kkZ;d fcanq gks ldrk gSA

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Giving Voice

;fn dksbZ lkoZtfud lekjksg j[kk tkrk gS] ftlesa dbZ ihfM+rksa ds VsLVheuh lkeus j[ks tk,¡] mlesa = ekuokf/kdkj&laxBu ihfM+r dks igpku ns ldrs gSa vkSj VsLVheuh] tks vc Lekjd&i= (memorial) dk egRo j[krk gS] ds egRo dks J)katfy vfiZr dj ldrs gSaA ihfM+rksa dks iq"iksa dh ekyk vkSj 'kkWy ls lEekfur fd;k tk ldrk gSA lekjksg esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, ehfM;k ds vfrfjDr mPp tu &inkf/kdkfj;ksa ¼iqfyl ds Hkh½ dks vkeaf=r fd;k tk ldrk gSA FksjsfiLV VsLVheuh&i= dks fdlh lkeqnkf;d cSBd esa i<+ ds lquk ldrs gSa] tgk¡ ,df=r lewg vkSj ihfM+r bl ij = viuh fVIif.k;k¡ ns ldrs gSa vkSj blesa dqN tksM+ ldrs gSaA bl izdkj ihfM+r lewg ds nwljs lnL;ksa dh lgk;rk ik ldrk gSA blds vykos ;gk¡ ekuokf/kdkj&laxBu ihfM+r dh cgknqjh vkSj la?k"kZ dks J)katfy vfiZr djrs gSaA ,d cSBd esa pkj ls ik¡p VsLVheuh&i+= i<s+ tk ldrs gSaA 2-4-4 l= pkj % VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds ifj.kke dh fuxjkuh o ewY;kdau ds fy, Fksjsih&i'pkr~ tk¡p FksjsfiLV fiNys gLr{ksi ¼lkoZtfud lekjksg] lkeqnkf;d cSBd ;k VsLVheuh&i= ihfM+r dks iznku fd;k tkuk½ ds = ,d ;k nks eghus ckn ihfM+r ls feyrs gSa vkSj M&E iz'ukoyh Hkjokrs gSaA ijh{k.k ls izkIr ifj.kke MsVkcsl esa Mky fn, tkrs gSaA = ifj.kkeksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA = ifj.kkeksa dk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj VsLVheuh&fof/k ds lkFk Hkfo"; esa fd, tkus okys dk;ksZa ds ckjs esa = flQkfj'ksa nh tkrh gSaA

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Giving Voice

2-5 VsLVheuh dk mi;ksx

ihfM+r dh lgefr ls VsLVheuh&i= dh ,d izfr vfHkys[ku&mn~ns';ksa ds fy, j[k yh tkrh gSA = VsLVheuh&i= vkus okyh ihf<+;ksa dks lwfpr vkSj f'kf{kr djus ds fy, Lekjd&i= ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldrk gSA = = VsLVheuh&i= dk iz;ksx vnkyrksa esa ihfM+r dk i{k j[kus ds fy, ;k dkuwuh dk;Zokgh ds fy, gks ldrk gSA ;fn

ihfM+r lger gS vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr gS fd mldk dksbZ uqdlku ugha gksxk] ;g fdlh :i esa izdkf'kr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldks vaxzsth esa vuqokfnr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls varjZk"Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj cpko ds dk;Z dks vkxs c<+kus esa blds vf/kdkf/kd mi;ksx dh laHkkouk,¡ c<+saA

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Giving Voice

3- lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrZkvkas vkSj ekuokf/kdkj&izfrj{kdksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k&dk;Zdze igyk lIrkg igyk fnu

VsLVheuh&F¨jsih ij dk;Z'kkyk izkr% ¼fln~/kkar½ vijkg~u ¼izSfDVl½

¼1½ euksoSKkfud ihM+k ¼2½ VsLVheuh & LoLFk gksus dh euksoSKkfud izfdz;k ds :i esa ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ laokn vkSj lfdz; Jo.k¼Hkwfedk fuoZgu½ communication and active listening (role-plays)

nwljk fnu

izkr% ¼fln~/kkar½ vijkg~u ¼izSfDVl½

¼1½ eukslkekftd lkeqnkf;d dk;Z ¼2½ ekufld LokLF;&laca/kh leL;kvksa dk vkdyu yap ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ laokn vkSj lfØ; Jo.k% iz'ukoyh dk iz;ksx djuk ¼Hkwfedk fuoZgu½

rhljk fnu

izkr% ¼fln~/kkar½ vijkg~u ¼izSfDVl½

VsLVheuh ysus dh fdz;kfof/k;k¡ yap ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ VsLVheuh ysus dk vH;kl ¼Hkwfedk fuoZgu½

pkSFkk fnu

izkr% ¼fln~/kkar½

dy ds Hkwfedk&fuoZgu ls izkIr vuqHko vkSj leL;k,¡

vijkg~u ¼izSfDVl½ ikpok¡ fnu

izkr% ¼fln~/kkar½ vijkg~u ¼izSfDVl½

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yap ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ VsLVheuh ysus ds vH;kl tkjh jgsaxs lkfFk;ksa esa lg;ksx dk vknku&iznku vkSj fiNys fnuksa ds eqn~ns yap ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ lkfFk;ksa esa lg;ksx dk vknku&iznku ¼Hkwfedk fuoZgu½ ¼3½ lkj rS;kj djuk

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Giving Voice

nwljk lIrkg igyk fnu izkr%

vijkg~u lk;a nwljk fnu

izkr%

vijkg~u lk;a rhljk fnu

izkr%

pkSFkk fnu

vijkg~u lk;a izkr%

vijkg~u lk;a ikpok¡ fnu

izkr%

vijkg~u

lk;a

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VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ij dk;Z'kkyk ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ izkjafHkd cSBd% lgHkkfx;ksa dks ;qXeksas esa foHkkftr djuk ¼,d lk{kkRdkjdrkZ vkSj nwljk uksn ysus okyk½A izR;sd ;qXe vijkg~u esa ,d ihfM+r dks VsLVheuh&Fksjsih ds nks l= iznku djsxkA ihfM+rksa ds igys lewg ls VsLVheuh ysus ds nks l= lk{kkRdkjdrkZ vkSj uksV ysus okys VsLVheuhs dks la'kksf/kr djrs gSa vkSj fy[krs gSa ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ liqjfotu vkjS ifzØ;k&fo'y"sk.k cBSd% iRz;d s ;Xqe ¼tkM s k+½ ,d fnu igys ds vuHqkokas vkSj leL;kvksa dh fjiksVZ nsrk gS % D;k Bhd x;k vkSj D;k leL;k,¡ lkeus vkbZa\ ihfM+rksa ds nwljs lewg ls VsLVheuh ysus ds nks l= lk{kkRkdkjdrkZ vkSj uksV ysus okys VsLVheuh dks la'kksf/kr djrs gSa vkSj fy[krs gS ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ lqijfotu vkSj izfØ;k&fo'ys"k.k cSBd% izR;sd ;qXe ,d fnu igys ds vuqHkoksa vkSj leL;kvksa dh fjiksVZ nsrk gS % D;k Bhd x;k vkSj D;k leL;k,¡ lkeus vkbZa\ ihfM+rksa ds rhljs lewg ls VsLVheuh ysus ds nks l= lk{kkRkdkjdrkZ vkSj uksV ysus okys VsLVheuh dks la'kksf/kr djrs gSa vkSj fy[krs gS ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ lqijfotu vkSj izfØ;k&fo'ys"k.k cSBd% izR;sd ;qXe ,d fnu igys ds vuqHkoksa vkSj leL;kvksa dh fjiksVZ nsrk gS % D;k Bhd x;k vkSj D;k leL;k,¡ lkeus vkbZa\ ihfM+rksa ds pkSFks lewg ls VsLVheuh ysus ds nks l= lk{kkRkdkjdrkZ vkSj uksV ysus okys VsLVheuh dks la'kksf/kr djrs gSa vkSj fy[krs gS ¼1½ /;ku ¼2½ lqijfotu vkSj izfØ;k&fo'ys"k.k cSBd% izR;sd ;qXe ,d fnu igys ds vuqHkoksa vkSj leL;kvksa dh fjiksVZ nsrk gS % D;k Bhd x;k vkSj D;k leL;k,¡ lkeus vkbZa\ VsLVheuh&i= iznku djus ds lekjksg dh ;kstuk,¡ curh gSa %;g fdl LFkku ij gksxk vkSj dSls fd;k tk,xk ¼O;fDrxr :i ls] fdlh lkoZtfud LFky ij] lkeqnkf;d cSBd esa\½ lkj rS;kj djuk] QhM&cSd vkSj lekfIr 18

Giving Voice

4-lanHkZ Agger, I., Ansari, F., Suresh, S. & Pulikuthiyil, G. (2008). Justice as a Healing Factor: Psycho-legal Counseling for Torture Survivors in an Indian Context. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 14 (3). Agger, I. & Jensen, S.B. (1996). Trauma and Healing Under State Terrorism. London: Zed Books. Agger, I. (1994). The Blue Room. Trauma and Testimony Among Refugee Women – a Psychosocial Exploration. London: Zed Books. Agger, I. & Jensen, S.B. (1990). Testimony as Ritual and Evidence in Psychotherapy for Political Refugees. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3 (1), 115-130. Akinyela, M.K. (2005). Testimony of hope: African Centered Praxis for Therapeutic Ends. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 24 (1), 5-18. Cienfuegos, A.J. & Monelli, C. (1983). The Testimony of Political Repression as a Therapeutic Instrument. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat. 53 (1), 43-51. Curling, P. (2005). Using Testimonies as a Method of Early Intervention for Injured Survivors of the Bombing of the UN Headquarters in Iraq. Traumatology, 11 (1), 57-63). De la Rey, C. & Owens, I. (1998). Perceptions of Psychosocial Healing and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 4 (3), 257-270. Igreja, V., Kleijn, Wim, C., Schreuder, B. J. N., van Dijk, J. & Verschuur, M. (2004). Testimony Method to Ameliorate Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms: Community-based Intervention Study with Mozambican Civil War Survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 251-257. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990, 2005). Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain and Illness. New York: Delta Trade Paperbacks. Luebben, S. (2003). Testimony Work with Bosnian Refugees: Living in Legal Limbo. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 31 (4), 393-402). Lustig, S.L., Weine, S.M., Saxe, G.N. & Beardslee, W.R. (2004). Testimonial psychotherapy for adolescent refugees: A case series. Transcultural Psychiatry, 41 (1), 31-45. Neuner, F., Schauer, M., Roth, W.T. & Elbert, T. (2002). A Narrative Exposure Treatment as Intervention in a Refugee Camp: A Case Report. Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 205-209. Neuner, F., Schauer, M. Klaschik, C., Karunkara, U. & Ebert, T. (2004). A comparison of narrative exposure therapy, supportive counseling, and psychoeducation for treating posttraumatic stress disorder in an African refugee settlement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72 (4), 579-587.

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Olesen, J.S., Haagensen, J.O., Madsen, A-G. & Rasmussen, F. (2006). From Counseling to PsychoSocial Development. Copenhagen: Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims. RCT (September 2004). RCT Policy: RCT Challenges and Targets in a Changing World. Copenhagen: RCT. Schauer, M., Neuner, F. & Elbert, Th. (2005). Narrative Exposure Therapy: A Short-Term Intervention for Traumatic Stress Disorders after War, Terror, or Torture. Gottingen: Hogrefe Verlag. Van der Veer, G. (1992). Counseling and Therapy with Refugees: Psychological Problems of Victims of War, Torture and Repression. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Van Dijk, J.A., Schotrop, M.J.A. & Spinhoven, P. (2003). Testimony Therapy: Treatment Method for Traumatized Victims of Organized Violence. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 57 (3), 361-373. Weine, S.M., Kulenovic, A.D., Pavkovic, I. & Gibbons, R. (1998). Testimony Psychotherapy in Bosnian Refugees: A Pilot Study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155 (12), 1720-1726.

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uksV ds fy,

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uksV ds fy,

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Giving Voice

uksV ds fy,

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Giving Voice

uksV ds fy,

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Giving Voice