Lecture 4: Mobility and travel: the nomad and the merchant: diasporic culture
▼ ❑ Mobility • ❑ make a distinction between "real estate/fixed property" and ▼ ❑ mobility: moral challenges to "settled", fixed hierarchical cultures • ❑ migration: permanent move between fixed locations (Irish to US) • ❑ mobility: constant movement • ❑ 'real' estate is permanent, has a greater value than insecure capital (even if destroyed, land carries some value ▼ ❑ mobile goods and the merchant
• ❑ literate cultures have a tendency to favor fixed place communities over mobile individuals (but depend on mobile goods for exchange)
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commodity chains: passage of goods over space changes values and
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meanings
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❑ mistrust of agents of movement: merchants, sailors, don't have fixed property, "exotic" ▼ ❑ mobility poses a challenge to settled culture
• ❑ market has always been an attempt to keep that culture separate from the politics and other things of city (Jesus attacked merchants at temple) ▼ ❑ nomadic
▼ ❑ nomadism: many human groups traditionally unconfined to fixed place, agriculture depended on livestock, animals moved location, people had to follow
• ❑ transhumance: moving house between two locations • ❑ swidden agriculture/slash and burn: exhaust one area, move to another while first area recovers
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associate nomadism with pastoral desert in nomadic society, people don't own land
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• ❑ usufruct: use of fruits of the land, nobody owns land • ❑ mabo: australian aborigines got courts to overturn european claims on noman's land
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Europeans believed nomads lacked spatial logic
▼ ❑ belief and mobility: pilgrimages • ❑ different conceptions of space in settled and mobile communities reflected in ideas of "sacred space" ▼ ❑ distinction of "polytheism" and "monotheism" ▼ ❑ monotheism
• ❑ paganism: worship natural spaces • ❑ Christianity: locate divinity outside geographical space • ❑ Christian. + Islam: globalizing beliefs allow freedom of movement with minimal connection to material place (Mecca)
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and during pilgrimage, bring souvenirs home which is a kind of
place mobility ▼ ❑ Judaism and mobility
• ❑ unique geography, search for 'fixity' "promised land", constant movement from there, constant exile (Babylon, Egypt, Roman destruction of Temple) ▼ ❑ Medieval Europe idea of "wandering Jew" strongly related to mobility
• ❑ constraints on Jewish ownership of "real property" • ❑ control of spaces accessible to Jews • ❑ tension between freedom of movement and desire for homeland