Galileo Little Scientist Handbook 03

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

kvIqfpIƒ°v Gs‰Sp°mhp∂ Nne {]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSnIƒ _me-imkv{X tIm¨{K v Dt±-iy-߃ 1.

kmaq-ly-{]-Xn-_≤ - X D≠m-IØ - ° {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ip´n-Isf {]m]vXc- m-°p-I.

2.

imkv{X-]T- \ - w hgn t\Sp∂ Adn-hp-Iƒ PohnX {]iv\ ]cn-lm-cØ - n\v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ Ip´n-Isf {]m]vXcm-°p-I.

kwLm-S\w kvIqƒX-ew, ]©m-bØ - X v e - w, _n.-B¿.kn Xew

1.

]cn-io-e\ - ß - ƒ

Pn√m-Xew ˛Un.-B¿.Pn ]cn-io-e\w kvIqƒXe _me-imkv{X tIm¨{Kkv hnj-\nwKv Fkv.B - ¿.Pn I¨ho-\¿am-cpsS GI-Zn\ ]cn-io-e\w $ _me-imkv{X tIm¨{Kkv F¥v ? $ kwLm-S\w Fßs\ ? $ hnjbw F¥v ? $ KpW-t`m-‡m-°ƒ Bcv ? $ ]©mb-Øp-Xe Xøm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ (A-[ym-]IcpsS ]cn-io-e\ - Ø - n¬ hnj-\nwKv \SØmw) (bp.]n. hn`mKw) 2. kvIqƒX-eØ - n¬ tPymXn-imkv{Xw F∂ hnj-bØ - n-eq∂n 4 t]¿ hoX-aS- ß - p∂ Soap-Iƒ t{]mPIvSv sNøp∂p. anI® coXn-bn¬ t{]mPIvSv sNbvX 2 {Kq∏p-Isf ]©m-bØ - p-Xe - Ø - n-te°v sXc-s™-Sp-°W - w. 3. kvIqƒX-eØ - n¬ Xøm-dm-°nb t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ sa®-s∏-SpØn ]©m-bØvXe-Øn¬ Ah-Xc- n-∏n-°p-∂p. (]s¶-SpØ Ip´n-Iƒ°v t{KUv \¬In sadn‰v k¿´n-^n-°‰v \¬I-Ww) 4. tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j≥ (kn.-Un) 5. Ip´n-If- psS t{]mPIvSv kw{Klw ]pkvXI - a- m-°¬ (Pn-√b - nse bp.]n. kvIqfns‚ FÆw)

2.

em_ns\ Adn-b¬

Dt±-iy-߃ $

5,6,7 ¢m p-If- nse bqWn-‰p-If- psS A]-{K-Y\w \SØn Bh-iy-amb kma-{Kn-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂X - n\v

$

kvIqƒem-_n¬ Fs¥√mw kma-{Kn-Iƒ Ds≠∂p Is≠-Øp-∂X - n\v, enÃv Xøm-dm-°p-∂X - n\v

$

C\n Bh-iy-ambh Is≠Øn enÃv sNøp-∂X - n\v.

1

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

$ $ $ $ 1

imkv{X-kw-_‘ - a- mb d^-d≥kv {KŸ-߃ Is≠Øn ¢m n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ X°-hÆw {Iao-Ic- n-°p-∂Xn-\.v Iºyq-´¿ {]h¿Ø-\£-aX - , Bh-iy-amb kn.-Un-If- psS e`yX (tPym-Xn-im-k{v X-hp-ambn _‘s∏´ kn.-Un-Iƒ) A[ym-]I - ¿°v ]co-£Ww sNøp-∂X - n\v ]cn-io-e\w e`y-am-°p-∂X - n\v Ip´n-Iƒ ]co-£W - {- ]-h¿Ø-\ß - f- n¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂X - n\v bqWn‰v A]-{K-Y\w, enÃv sNø¬, kma-{Kn-Iƒ Is≠-ج

2

em_n-ep≈ kma-{Kn-Iƒ Is≠-ج, {Iao-Ic- n-°¬, C\n Bh-iy-am-bh enÃv sNø¬

3

imkv{X kw_-‘n-bmb {KŸ-߃ Is≠-ج, {Iao-Ic- n-°¬

4

C\n Bh-iy-amb d^-d≥kv {KŸ-߃ enÃv sNø¬

5.

]n.-Sn.F FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv ao‰nwKv ˛ Bh-iy-߃ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥

6.

^≠v Is≠-ج ˛ F¬.-Fk - .v P - n-^≠ - ,v kvt]m¨k-dnwKv.....

7.

tPymXn-im-k{v X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]co-£W - ß - f- psS ssI∏p-kX v Iw \n¿ΩmWw (Ip-´n-Iƒ°pw A[ym-]I - ¿°pw)

3.

A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\w

Dt±-iy߃ 1

A[ym-]I - ¿°v imkv{X-Øns‚ coXn-b\ - p-kc- n®v imkv{X-t_m-[\w \S-Øp-∂X - n-\p≈ Ignhv h¿[n-∏n-°p-∂X - n\v

2

]co-£Ww sNøp-∂X - n¬ sshZKv[yhpw Bfl-hn-izm-khpw t\Sp-∂X - n\v

3.

imkv{X-t_m-[\ - Ø - n¬ hnh-ck - m-t¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS D]-tbmKw Xncn-®d- n-bp-∂X - n\v

Pn√m-Xe in¬∏-imeIƒ $ ]mTy-]≤ - Xn Dt±-iy-ßf- n¬ \n∂pw ]T\ {]iv\ß - ƒ Is≠-ج $ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T-\X - {- ¥-߃ Xøm-dm-°p-∂p. $ ]co-£W - ß - ƒ enÃp sNøp-∂p. $ ]co-£W - ß - ƒ A[ym-]I - ¿ kwL-ambn sNøp-∂p. $ sNe-hp-Ip-d™ D]-Ic- W - ß - f- psS \n¿ΩmWw $ ]n.-Sn.F t_m[-h¬°-cW samUyqƒ ]cn-Nb - s- ∏-Sp-∂p. sF.Sn ]cn-io-e\w (tPymXn imkv{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´)v $ ]h¿ t]mbn‚p kn.-Un-IfpsS \n¿ΩmWw $ 2 t]c-Sß - p∂ kvIqƒ Soan\v ]cn-io-e\w $ kn.Un hnj-b_ - ‘ - n-Xa- mbn ]cn-Nb - s- ∏-Sp-∂p. $ kn.Un D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xn\p≈ ]cn-io-e\w $ sNe-hp-Ip-d™ D]-Ic- W - ß - f- psS \n¿ΩmWw $ ]n.-Sn.F t_m[-h¬°-cW samUyqƒ ]cn-Nb - s- ∏-Sp-∂p.

2

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

4.

kl-hmk Iymºp-Iƒ

Dt±-iy߃ $

Iq´m-bav b - n-eqsS tPymXn-im-k{v X-]T- \ - m-\p-`h - ß - ƒ e`y-am-°p-∂X - n\v

$

hy‡n-Xz-hn-Im-kØ - n\v Ah-kc- a- p-≠m-°p-∂Xn\v.

$

tPymXn-im-k{v X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ]T-\m-\p-`h - ß - ƒ Hcp°p-∂X - n\v

$

¢m v dqan¬ \¬Ip-hm≥ Ign-bmØ A\p-`h - ß - ƒ e`y-am-°p-∂X - n\v

kwLm-S\w ˛ ]©m-bØ - X v ew 1. kwLm-SI kanXn 2. samUyqƒ \n¿ΩmWw (Un.-B¿.-Pn) 3. ]cn-io-e\w (A-[ym-]I - ¿°v) 4. kl-hm-kI - ymºv

5.

Pooling of Experts ˛ hnZ-K[ v sc Is≠ج

Dt±-iy-߃ $

hnZ-K[ v sc Is≠Øn Ah-cpsS tkh\w {]tbm-P\ - s- ∏-Sp-ج

$

imkv{X-¢∫ - p-If- psS {]h¿Ø\w sa®-s∏-Sp-ج

kwLm-S\w ˛ kvIqƒX-ew, _n.-B¿.-kn-Xew 1. kvIqƒXe At\z-jW - Ø - n-eqsS hnhn[ taJ-eb - nse (Ir-jn, BtcmKyw, Ie, Imbn-Iw...-tPym-Xn-imkv{Xw) hnZ-K[ v sc {]tZ-iØ - p-\n∂p Is≠-Øp-∂p. enÃv F.-C.Hbv°v / _n.-B¿.kn°v ssIam-dp-∂p. 2

]©m-bØv Xe-Øn¬ enÃv t{ImUo-Ic- n-°p-∂p.

3.

{]n‚Uv tUmIyp-sa‚m°n am‰p-∂p.

4.

hnZ-K[ v cpsS tkh\w {]tbm-P\ - s- ∏-SpØn imkv{X ¢∫p-If- psS {]h¿Ø\w sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

6.

]T-\-bm{X

Dt±-iy߃ t\cn-´p- ≈ A\p-`h - ß - f- n-eqsS {]iv\ ]cn-lc- W - Ø - n\pw kmaqly CS-s]-Se - n-\pap≈ Ah-kcw Hcp-°p-∂X - n\pw ]pXnb kml-Nc- y-ßf- n¬ s]cp-am-dp-∂s- X-ßs- \-sb∂p ]Tn-°p-∂X - n\pw. kwLm-S\w ˛ kvIqƒ Xew

^o¬Uv {Sn∏v $

sXc-s™-Sp-°m-hp∂ ÿe-߃

˛

^mIvSd- n-Iƒ

˛

\£-{X-\n-co-£W tI{µ-߃

3

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

˛

πm\-t‰-dn-bw

˛

imkv{X-ÿm-]\ - ß - ƒ

˛

]pcm-hk - X v p-tI-{µ-߃

˛

Ncn-{X-kav m-cI - ß - ƒ

A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿew ap≥Iq´n Is≠Øn aps∂m-cp-°ß - t- fmsS bm{X. dnt∏m¿´v {]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°¬

7. imkv-{X-taf Ip´n-If- psS imkv{Xo-ba- mb Is≠-Øe - p-Iƒ Ah-Xc- n-∏n-°p-I. Ahbv°v AwKo-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ Ahkcw \¬Ip-I. kwLm-S\w F. kvIqƒXew $

Fkv.B - ¿.Pn tbmKw

$

kvIqƒ hnI-k\ kanXn ( PTA, MTA)

$

kb≥kv ¢∫v {]h¿Ø\Øns‚ `mK-ambpw ¢mkv dqw {]h¿Ø-\Ø - ns‚ `mK-ambpw h∂ t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ, D¬∏-∂ß - ƒ, ]co-£W - ß - ƒ, hni-Ie - \ - t- c-JI - ƒ, Is≠-Øe - p-Iƒ, dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw (tPym-Xn-im-k{v X-Øn\p {][m-\yw \¬IWw)

F√m kvIqfnepw Htc Znhkw imkv{X-ta-fI - ƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°Ww (im-k{v X-ta-fb - psS kvtImdnwKn\v kmaq-ly-aq-ey-w IqSn IW-°nseSp°-Ww.) _n. ]©m-bØv Xew ]n.-C.kn tbmKw $

anI® hy‡n-K-X, {Kq∏p-Xe D¬]-∂-߃ (5 FÆw) kvIqfp-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]©m-b-Øp-Xe imkv{X-ta-f-bnte°v sXc-s™-Sp-°p-I.

$

kvIqƒ Xe-Øn¬ Xs∂ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$

]©m-bØ - p-Xe - Ø - n¬ {]Z¿-in-∏n-°p-∂p.

$

anI® 5 FÆw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂p.

8.

DW¿∆v

Dt±-iy߃

4

$

tPymXn-im-k{v X-h¿j-Øn-s‚ {]m[m\yw, {]k-‡n XpS-ßn-bh P\-ßf- n-se-Øn-°p-∂X - n\v.

$

A\p-tbm-Py-amb {]N-mcW ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Bhn-j° v c- n-°p-∂X - n\pw P\-ßf- n-se-Øn-°p-∂X - n\pw.

$

_n.-B¿.kn Xe Sow tamWn-´d- nw-Kn-eqsS imkv{X-]T- \w sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - n\v s{Sbn-t\gvkn\v X’-ab klmbw \¬I¬.

$

kvIqfns‚ anI-hp-Iƒ hn\nabw sNøp-∂X - n\v.

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

kwLm-S\w : _n.-B¿.kn 1.

tPymXn-im-k{v X-hn-fw- _c PmY

2.

t]mÿ & Ãn°-¿ Xøm-dm-°¬

3.

tPymXn-imkv{X kn.Un Xøm-dm-°¬ (]h¿t]m-bn‚ ,v C‚-dm-ISv ohv hoUntbm kn.Un)

4.

Sow tamWn-´d- nwKv kao-]\ - t- cJ Xøm-dm-°¬

5.

tamWn-´d- nwKv Soap-Iƒ \n›-bn-°¬

6.

Soap-Iƒ kvIqfp-Iƒ kµ¿in®v hn`h klmbw \¬I¬

7.

hoUntbm Iem-Pm-Ybpw ]m\¬ {]Z¿i-\hpw

8.

anIhv ˛ kvIqƒ X\-Xp-]c- n-]m-Sn-bpsS Ah-Xc- Ww (kvIqƒX-ew, ]©m-bØ - X v e - w, _n.-B¿.-kn-Xe - w)

9.

\nc-¥c aqey-\n¿Wbw

Dt±-iy߃ 1.

h¿°vjo‰v \n¿ΩmWw

2.

kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm\pw c£n-Xm-°ƒ Ip´n-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm-\p-ap≈ t^m¿am-‰p-If- psS hni-Ie - \ - w.

kwLm-S\w A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ - Ø - ns‚ `mK-ambn A\p-tbm-Py-am-b- h¿°vjo‰p-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂p. h¿°vjo‰v ˛ {]n‚nw-K,v hnX-cWw (¢Ã-dn-t\m-S\ - p-_‘ - n®v h¿°v jo‰v cq]-s∏-Sp-ج; {]n‚nwKv hnX-cW - w)

10.

]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ \n¿Ωn°mw ]pXnb Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Ømw.

1.

]pXnb ]T-t\m-]I - c- W - ß - ƒ \n¿Ωn-°¬.

2.

]pXnb Is≠-Øe - p-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ kµ¿`-sam-cp-°¬ Ah hn\n-abw sNø¬.

1.

]T-t\m-]I - c- W - i - n-e] v i - me kwÿm-\X - e - w, Pn√m-Xew (BRC Trainers & Teachers)

2.

]T-t\m-]I - c- W - i - n-e] v i - me (Ip-´n-Iƒ + Sot®gvk)v ]T-\I - n‰v cp]o-Ic- W - w.

3.

]co-£W In‰p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Ip´n-im-k{v X-⁄≥am¿ kvIqfp-If- n¬ inev]i - me kwL-Sn-∏n-°¬.

11.

imkv{X-h¿jw 2009 kvIqƒXe X\Xv {]h¿Ø-\-߃

A¥m-cm-jv{S- tPym-Xn-im-kv{X-h¿j-Øns‚ `mK-ambn kvIqƒ Xe-Øn¬ Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f- psS \n¿t±-iß - ƒ. (F√m {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠X - n-√. \n›-bn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ Nn´-bmbpw IrXy-ambpw \S-°p∂psh∂v Dd-∏p-hc- p-Øp-Ib - mWv th≠-X.v )

5

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

$

tPymXn-im-k{v X-]m¿e-sa‚ v Ip´n-Iƒ ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb tPymXn-im-k{v X-kw-_‘ - a- mb tNmZy-߃°v hnZ-K[ v ¿ DØcw \¬Ip-∂p. (¢m v / kvIqƒX-eØ - n¬ \S-Ømw. apXn¿∂-hc- p-sSbpw A[ym-]I - c- p-sSbpw kwi-bß - ƒ D∂-bn-°mw.)

$

\£{X \nco-£Ww c£n-Xm-°ƒ, Ip´n-Iƒ F∂n-h¿°v \£{X-\n-co-£W ¢m v (Ip´n-If- psS {]mtZ-inI Iq´m-bav I - ƒ cp]o-Icn®v XpS¿ \nco-£Ww \S-Øp-∂X - n\v \n¿t±-iß - fpw klm-bhpw D≠m-hW - w.)

$

Hm∏¨ Iznkv kvIqƒX-eØ - n¬ s]mXp-th-Zn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Ks- ∏-SpØn \S-Ømw. ¢mkv hyXym-ka- n-√msX Gh¿°pw ]s¶Sp°mw. ]s¶-Sp-°m-Øh - ¿ tIgvhn°m-cmbn \n¿_-‘a- mbpw D≠m-hWw

$

tNmZy-s∏´n kwi-bß - ƒ s]´n-bn¬ \nt£-]n-°mw. DØ-cß - ƒ Is≠Øn s]mXp-t_m¿Uv / Akw-ªn-bn¬ Ah-Xc- Ww.

$

Nn{X-Km-edn {]i-kX v c- mb imkv{X-⁄cpsS Nn{X߃, t^mt´m-Iƒ, eLp-hn-hc- W - ß - ƒ F∂nh {]n‚ v sNbvXv kvIqƒ `nØn-bn¬ {]Z¿in∏n-°¬.

$

imkv{X-Ie - m-]c- n-]m-Sn-Iƒ

$

imkv{X-\m-SI - ° - f- cn

$

imkv{X-am-knI imkv{X-hn-`-h-ß-fp-ambn ¢mkv Xe-Øn¬ ssIsø-gpØv cq]-Øn¬. kvIqƒX-e-Øn¬ ¢m v-Xe amkn-II - f- nse anI® cN-\I - ƒ Dƒs∏-SpØn {]n‚Uv amK-kn≥ Xøm-dm-°mw.

$

Zn\m-Nc- W - ß - ƒ h¿j-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw Dƒs°m≠v Zn\m-Nc- W - ß - ƒ ]mT-`m-Kß - f- p-ambn _‘n-∏n®v \S-ØWw. kvIqƒ hm¿jnI Ie-≠¿ Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ imkv{X-kw-_‘ - a- mb Zn\-߃ ]cn-KW - n-°W - w.

$

¢m v em_v eLp-]c- o-£W - ß - ƒ Hcp-°p-∂X - n\v Bh-iy-amb kma-{Kn-Iƒ ¢m v Xe-Øn¬ tiJ-cn-°¬. Hmtcm Ip´nbpw hI-kn-∏n-°p∂ imkv{X-In‰v CXp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v \S-ØW - w.

$

AXnYn ¢m p-Iƒ kvIqƒ / ¢mkv Xe-Øn¬ hnj-b-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ \n]p-W-cmb Bfp-I-fpsS ¢m p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°¬. A`n-apJhpw \S-Ømw.

$

kl-hm-kI - ymºv imkv{X-Øn\v {]m[m\yw \¬In i\n, Rmb¿ Dƒs∏-SpØn ct≠m aqt∂m Znh-ksØ kl-hm-kI - ymºv Hcp-°¬. \£-{X-\n-co-£W - a- pƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Imcy-߃ kpK-aa- mbn \S-Øp-∂X - n\v CXv klm-bI - a- m-Ipw.

6

Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv

$

Ip´n-If- psS s]mXp-tbmKw imkv{X-hn-jb - ß - f- n¬ t\Snb Adn-hp-Iƒ kaq-lh - p-ambn ]¶pshbv°p-∂X - n\pw Ahsc t_m[y-s∏-SpØp-∂X - n\pw kvIqfn-\S- p-Øp≈ s]mXp-ÿe - Øv Hcp tbmKw kwL-Sn-∏n-°¬. kwLm-SI - cpw \S-Øn∏pImcpw {]mkw-Kn-Icpw F√mw Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-hW - w.

$

]cn-ÿnXn kulrZ hnZym-ebw aen-\o-Ic- W - hpw πmÃn°pw Hgn-hm°n at\m-lc- a- mb hnZym-eb - a- mbn kvIqfp-Iƒ amd-Ww. CXn-\m-hi - yamb coXn-bn¬ ¢∫p-If- psS {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°Ww. kvIqƒ kuµ-cy-h¬°-cWw {]mh¿ØnI-am-°W - w. $

]T-t\m-]I - c- W \n¿ΩmW inev]i - me

$

tem°¬ dntkmgvkv am∏nwKv

$

imkv{X ]pkvXI/ kn.Un sse{_dn

$

\m´-dn-hp-ti-Jc- Ww

$

F^v.F - w. tdmUntbm km[y-XI - ƒ Bcm-b¬

7