Fruit In The Garden

Fruit in the Garden Peter Johnston-Berresford [email protected] 403-556-8380

Why plant fruit? z z z z z

The economy! Guaranteed freshness You know who the producer is Element of design or down-to-earth practicality Mix and match fruit to suit your resources – small and/or large…much more choice than you think

Why plant fruit? z z z z z

Easier than you think. The birds? Nature…habitat. Do the right thing. Your health…antioxidants, fibre, diet. Native Canadian plants…re-vegetate using the ‘right’ stuff. Need to remember to plant hardy, top quality stock that you want to succeed.

The essentials z z z z

How’s your soil?...long term, eh!? Is the plant self fertile or do you need a different type for cross pollination? Late frost? Pick the plant to fit the location z How

much light? z Support? z Vigour? z Drought? z Size? z Pests (diseases, insects, weeds)

The essentials z z z z z

Best quality stock to begin with Tools you need – installation and maintenance over time Amount of effort and care Row spacing (within and between row) Irrigation requirements…best management practices! z Seasonal stuff…pruning, mulching, planting, thinning, ‘working’… z Sanitation…HACCP

Hardiness zones •Monthly ave. daily min. temperature coldest month. •Ave. frost free period in days. •Rainfall June-November •Monthly ave. daily max. temperature warmest month. •A winter factor •Ave. max. depth of snow •Max. Wind gust in 30 years. •Macro-micro environments

Planting

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Planting

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Planting

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Post-planting care z z z z z

Water ~ 1” per week until well established. Mulch yearly – well rotted compost Fertility – feed the soil, not the plant. Prune out unwanted scaffold material – crossed, diseased or broken branches. Weed control.

Apples Malus spp.

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Apples z

Many very hardy, disease resistant, different flowering/fruiting period, dwarfing to standard, pruned to fit, must be crosspollinated with another Malus, most grafted (Vee-3, Ottawa-3) z ‘Norland’:

large red, early fruiting, fresh eating, stores well z ‘Harcourt’: green+red, fresh eating, v.gd. flavour, sweet z ‘Goodland’: fresh-to-cook, stores 20+ weeks, very sweet z ‘McIntosh’, ‘Wealthy’, ‘Rescue’, ‘Prairie Sun’

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Fruit tree grafts

http://forums.mycotopia.net/

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Pears

Pyrus sp.

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Pear z

Usually hardy, small and green!, grafted, mostly good for canning, cross pollination required, all 15 -20 tall, 10-15’ wide. z ‘Thomas’:

best eating, small, round like an apple, green z ‘Ure’: (sweet) eating, similar to Bartlett, good for storage, standard hardy pear. z ‘John’: extremely hardy, green, ripens to yellow in storage, store for up to a year! z Siberian pear…tough, more tree than pear, small numerous fruit, canning.

Saskatoonberry Amelanchier alnifolia

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Saskatoonberry z

Varying fruiting period, wide flavour profile, fruit size, height, easy to grow, all Canadian native! z ‘Smokey’:

big! 12’, commercial cv., mild

flavour z ‘Thiessen’: u-pick favourite, 17mm (1/2” plus) fruit, late flower, uneven ripening z ‘Northline’: less big! 8-10’, great flavour, commercial cv., large yields z ‘Nelson’: shorty! 5-6’, late flower, tangy, smaller fruit.

Hascap – honeyberry Lonicera caerulea edulis

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http://albertafruittrees.tripod.com/

Hascap – honeyberry z

Needs another type to cross with – 5:1, better than average drainage, hard to get…lots of demand z ‘Blue

(Smart) Belle’: -50 C, small/short, f-to-f, drought tolerant, backyard z ‘Berry (Smart)Blue’: same as above, but more vigorous, drought tolerant, tough, pest resistant, f-to-f, backyard z ‘Svetlana’: new, UofS release, smaller, tough, f-to-f, very pest resistant, backyard favourite z ‘Cinderella’: smallest plant, largest fruit, blueberry flavour, backyard, f-to-j

Grape Vitis spp.

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Grape z

Fresh eating and/or wine…check, ground cover or trellised, vining bush, hardy, large colour/size range, variable ripening, well drained soil, own-rooted (mostly). z ‘Delisle’:

tough esp. if you’re cold!, small berry, wine, mid-August ripe z ‘Valiant’: old-timer, j-to-j, end August ripe z ‘Prairie Star’: white wine, disease resistant, mid-September ripe z ‘King of the North’: j-to-w, early September z ‘Frontenac’, Marquette, Swensen Red (t), Edelweis (t)

Currant

Ribes rubrum

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Currant z

Hard as nails, not soil fussy, some disease issues, minor insect problems, moisture, fruit on 2-3 year old wood, rhizome, suckers, layer. z ‘Red

Lake’: large yields, red berry, clusters, compact (3’ x 3’), tea-to-sauce, tough, soil indifferent z ‘White Lake’: white berries, similar to above, less vigorous, hardy, wider z ‘Boskoop’: black berry, very hardy, best flavour, aromatic, (3’ x 3’), fresh z ‘Ben Nevis’: Ben series – all good, high yield, commercial, variable harvest, upright, compact.

Gooseberry Ribes hertellum

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Gooseberry z

Minor disease resistance, many coloured cvs., variation is fruit size, tart, branches often thorny, not fussy, gd. Fall colour, fruits on last year’s wood and older. z ‘Pixwell’:

less thorny, green to pink fruit, 4’ x 4’ , upright z ‘Hinnonma(e)cki’: sp. cross, hardy, vigorous, very thorny, gd for preserves, 4’ x 4’ z R. oxycanthoides: native, dwarfing, disturbed sites,

Blueberry Vaccinium spp.

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http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/blueberry_black_common.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com

Blueberry z

Moisture loving, organic/acid soils (pH 45.5), mix of lowbush, half-high, highbush, sp., fruit on last year’s wood, weakly rhizomatous, better x pollinated,self fertile. z ‘Superior’:

new UofMinn, late maturing, bountiful, 5’ x 5’, hardy, lighter blue, med.size berry z ‘Northblue’: standard, hardy, acidic/tart, larger berry, 3’ x 4’, z ‘Chippewa’: sweet, med. producer, 4.5’ x 4’ z ‘Polaris’: med. producer, mostly hardy, sweet fruit, 4’ x 4’

Raspberry

Rubus idaeus, R. occidentalis (nigrum) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raspberries_(Rubus_Idaeus).jpg

topnews.in/healthcare/sites/default/files/black-raspberry.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raspberries05.jpg

Raspberry z

Primocane & floricane fruiting, hardy, bountiful, upright to arching, variable fruit size and colour, (non) root-suckers, flavourful, variable ripening. (r/fl): industry standard, good productivity, good flavour, sweet z ‘Royalty’ (p/fl): purple, late, v.gd. Productivity, z ‘Honeyqueen’ (y/fl): yellow, loose fruit, fresh z ‘Fallgold’ (y/pr): hardy, good productivity, best flavour, medium size. z ‘Redwing’ (r/pr): hardy, good flavour & prod. z

‘Boyne’

Strawberry Fragaria ananassa

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Strawberry z

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Popular, many hardy cvs. with some winter protection, snow both a benefit and a hindrance, o/m soil, hilled, straw underneath to protect berries, pollinators, problems! First flower – biggest fruit, all others smaller. z z z

June bearing – in July, 4 weeks. Ever-bearing – June-July, then August again Day-neutral – longer, but heaviest in AugustSeptember

Strawberries z z z

June-bearing: bear flowers on last year’s stems: ‘Kent’, ‘Bounty’, ‘Hinoye’, ‘Glooscap’ Ever-bearing: soft fruit, lower yields: ‘Ogallala’ Day-neutral: bear fruit on current year stems: ‘Tristar’, ‘Fern’, ‘Seascape’.

Labeling

Labelling

Labelling

Labelling

Breeders and resources z

University of Saskatchewan: http://www.fruit.usask.ca/

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University of Minnesota:

http://fruit.cfans.umn.edu/breedingprogram.htm

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Cornell University:

http://www.hort.cornell.edu/extension/commercial/fruit/index.html

Thank-you!

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In Memory of A Friend: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkcLwEwt-1s Common Vision: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAZ5v4hW9Fo Bears: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjgq2psa4hc&feature=rel ated Norah Jones: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sCwyspDtl6k&feature=re lated Khntsori Zarin Dag: Under the apple tree: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZIkN4WyhHc&feature=r elated Under the apple tree: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYILCHWZro&feature=related