French_lesson_4 Etre And Avoir.pdf

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ÊTRE (TO BE)

& AVOIR (TO HAVE)

Fourth lesson – Quatrième leçon

CONTENTS Avoir (to have)

Être (to be)

1. Introduction 2. Conjugation of être 2.1 Particularities: C’est / Ce sont

3. Conjugation of avoir 3.1 Particularities: Talking about age, feelings…

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE VERBS ÊTRE AND AVOIR 



In French, verbs are conjugated: this means a verbal form changes depending on the subject. The verbs être and avoir are irregular. They are also used as auxillary verbs in past compound tenses.

2. THE CONJUGATION OF ÊTRE (TO BE) Subject pronoun

Être

Example

Translation

Je

suis

Je suis étudiante.

I am a student.

Tu

es

Tu es en Afrique.

You are in Africa.

Il Elle On

est

Il est beau. Elle est belle. On est ici.

He is handsome. She is beautiful. We are here.

Nous

sommes

Nous sommes heureux.

We are happy.

Vous

êtes

Vous êtes sympathiques.

You are friendly.

sont

Ils sont à Paris. Elles sont à Durban.

They are in Paris. They are in Durban.

Ils Elles

PARTICULARITIES OF ÊTRE (TO BE)

2.1 ABOUT « C’EST » THIS/IT IS… « C’est » (singular : this/it is) and its plural « ce sont »(these/those are) are useful expressions formed with the demonstrative « ce » + « être ». Both expressions are used to introduce and/or describe people/things. C’est magnifique! It’s magnificent! C’est mon ami. This is my friend. Ce sont mes amis. Those are my friends

3. THE CONJUGATION OF AVOIR (TO HAVE…) Subject pronouns

Avoir

Example

Translation

J’

ai

J’ai un chien.

I have a dog.

Tu

as

Tu as vingt ans.

You are 20 years old.

Il Elle On

a

Il a chaud. Elle a froid. On a faim.

He is hot. She is cold. We are hungry.

Nous

avons

Nous avons peur.

We are scared.

Vous

avez

Vous avez du courage.

You are brave.

Ils elles

ont

Ils ont une voiture. Elles ont des amis.

They have a car. They have friends.

PARTICULARITIES OF AVOIR (TO HAVE…)

3.1 GENERALITIES Most of time avoir is translated into English by to have. However, there are some important expressions with avoir that must be translated by the verb to be.

3.1.TALKING ABOUT AGE, FEELINGS…



Tu as vingt ans.

You are 20 years old.



J’ai chaud.

I am hot.



Elle a faim.

She is hungry.



Nous avons honte.

We are ashamed.



C’est tout pour aujourd’hui! Au revoir! Merci!

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