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The Book of Kings by Firdausi Brought fire from stone; founded fire-worship

Tahúmers

Saiámuk

Sám

Arnawáz

T H E H ER

1000 years of tyranny

by c

Mahafríd

500 years

Minúchihr

Nauder

Decapitated by evil brother, Túr

Legend

King of Rúm and Kháwer

Poshín

Kai-káús

Poshang

Evil Nemesis parent - child

royal succession

female

Walked into a mysterious fountain and vanished

Gúlshaher

Ferúd

Saiáwush

Kai-khosráu

150 years

INS OF TÚRÁN A L L I V RCH Aghríras THE A

E

One of the greatest Persian generals, companion of Rustem; had 78 sons and grandsons

Gúdarz

Sarkhá

Pírán-wísah

Shydah-Poshang

Afrásiyáb

Maníjeh Byzun

Hujír Rehám

O TH

ER HER

Gíw

OS OF Z Á B U L Kai-káús

male

Ferangís

N a p po Á T IS

i n te

l nci cou y db

of

s sa ior r r wa

al re e th

Afrasiab Farangis Fereydun Vishtaspa Homai Hushang Esfandiyār

© 2013 Mikael Onsjö

Jemshíd Kai-káús Kai-khosráu Kaiúmers Kavah Lohurásp Minúchihr

Jamshid Kay Kāvus Kai Khosrow Keyumars Kaveh Lohrasp Manuchehr

Nauder Rustem Saiáwush Tahúmers Zau Zohák

Nowzar Rostam Siyâvash Tahmuras Zaav Zahhak

Rustem is the most renowned hero of the Sháh Námeh, perhaps of all Persian culture. He slew a variety of monsters and saved the Persian Kings countless times. Famously, he endured seven heroic labors during a march to Mázinderán where he slew the White Demon and freed king Kai-káús from captivity.

Rustem

Afrásiyáb was a notorious king of the villainous Túránians.

Afrásiyáb Through nearly two thirds of the poem he was trying to invade Persia or commit mischief. The final straw, however, was drawn when Afrásiyáb executed the beloved prince Saiáwush in a sacrificial manner. Kai-khosráu took legendary vengeance for his father’s death (then later became king).

as rw i he

Isfendiyár was a legendary and holy hero and prince of Persia

Isfendiyár who did much conquering for his country. He nearly defeated

no

Rustem in a prolonged duel; the Zábulistán hero only prevailed with the help of sorcery and the aid of the mythological bird Símúrgh. Even so, killing Isfendiyár was such an offence to the Zoroastrian God that Rustem and his whole house became cursed for the remainder of their lives. Sikander is the Persian name for Alexander of Macedon, who

Sikander we popularly refer to as Alexander the Great. At odds with

Western traditions, he is recorded in the Sháh Námeh as being the son of a Persian King and he didn’t so much conquer Persia as he by happenstance claimed his birthright while merely traveling through there, his the real ambition being to explore the world.

Zarír Ardshír

adoption

Failakús

Lohurásp

the daughter of Kaid of Ind

Shydasp Gushtásp

Alternative English spelling for the kings and other major characters

60 years

Feridún

daughter of Kai-káús

120 years

Afrásiyáb Ferangís Feridún Gushtásp Húmaí Húsheng Isfendiyár

9 years

Aramín 100 years

spouses

Sadly killed by his own father in a duel

Zohák was a supremely evil character. The demon Iblís inspired him to kill his own father to become the king of the Arabs. He had two snakes that he fed with the brains of his subjects. He usurped Persia by capturing the wandering king Jemshíd and having him saw in two. Zohák was finally slain by the prophesied hero Feridún, who then married a descendant of the ancient kings and became one of the most important and revered of the old Persian Kings.

Garshásp

tence e to incompe replaced du

Kai-kobád

Kárun

5 years

Zau

Fríburz

Barzú

A selection of frequently mentioned characters Zohák

Tahmasp

Arish

Shahpúr

ancestor - descendant

Sohráb

Tús

t

o h 7 years o y eir ou s

Sílim

Túr

G T H E M YT HIC A L A

Tahmíneh

ng

Power hungry king of Túrán

Shírúeh

Sháh-rú

Giant; almost killed Rustem in a duel staged by Afrásiyáb

the victim in turn pinned a tree to the traitor with an arrow

Gustahem

t

Kobád

Kavah

Feridún

Faránuk

Rustem

N ÁBULISTÁ Z F O S O Betrayer of Rustem, killed when

120 years

Pishung

Irij

Shahrnáz

Abtín

Legendary blacksmith who forged the legendary cow-headed mace for Feridún and begat legendary heroes

Ferámurz

en oug h

ues onq

Had snakes that fed on brains

maid servant

sister of Gíw

Shughad

Zohák

Mirtás-Tázi

Zál

Legendary warrior and advisor to Feridún

Jemshíd 700 years

by conquest

Arabian king who died in a pit trap dug by his own son

Rúdábeh

Wise but succumbed to hubris, became a wandering king; was sawn in two

30 years

Húsheng

30 years

Kaiúmers

Ultimate Hero

Zúára

Síndokht

Binder of demons

40 years

Mihráb

Narímán

tg oo d

Came down from the mountains clad in the skins of beasts

Legendary beauty, epic love story

180 years

Kitabún

Bashútan

Isfendiyár

Nahíd

Bahman

8 years Húmaí

32 years

Avir

Holy warrior, conquered the Brazen Fortress; killed in duel by Rustem who had to resort to magic

Núsháhder Mihrbús

Dáráb

Sikander 34 years

Dárá

Abandoned by power hungry mother in basket in a river

Roshung

Betrayed and assassinated by his ministers Alexander “the Great” of Macedon

Sources: Firdusi (J. Atkinson), “The Sháh Námeh” in “Persian Literature, Volume 1” published by The Project Gutenberg, online 2013.

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