Finalna To.docx

Division of Pasig City Nagpayong High School Centennial II-B Nagpayong, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

“IMPACT OF TRAFFIC ALONG MOLAVE STREET TO PASIG PALENGKE.” As part of the completion in Practical Research II

Presented to:

Mrs. Editha S. Enriquez Presented by:

De leon, Jayr Halili, Markniel Balais, Shena Mae Baldera, Rachelle Belingon, Mildred Beltran, Marife Benito, Marvey anne Caballero, Ara mae Calvar, Nestine ann Ceriaco, Miracel

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Background of the study Statement of the problem Hypothesis Significance of the study Scope and delimitation of the study Conceptual framework Theoretical framework Definition of terms

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Foreign Local

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY Research design Respondent of the study Instrumentation Validation of the instrument Data gathering procedure Statistical treatment of data

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Transportation always plays a crucial role in commuter’s daily life. An efficient transportation facility can make their life easier. And according to Hoyle and Smith (1992) transportation is “an epitome of the complex relationships that exist between the physical environment, patterns of social political activity and levels of economic development”. The statement goes further to support the position of scholars like Mabogunje (1989); Todaro (1989) and Barke and O’Hare (1984) that transport system provide a key to the understanding and operation of many other system at many different scales. Bad transportation will lead to negative impacts in commuter’s life. At one exteme, intercontinental transportation provides essential communication between the advanced and developing country. Traffic is an impediment that obstructs the development of our country in case of transportation. It cost the economy quite heavily in terms of the slowdown in the Movement of goods and delivery of services, increased vehicle operating costs, and Traffic is an impediment that obstructs the development of our country in case of transportation. It cost the economy quite heavily in terms of the slowdown in the Movement of goods and delivery of services, increased vehicle operating costs, and otherwise productive man-hours consumed as travel time, which may be quantified. The daily strain on the quality of life of the urban populace, including the labor force, students, and other regular commuters, may be difficult to quantify but they cannot be

ignored. Moreover , the negative impact of traffic on public health and the environment is expected to cause problem on the daily living in the community. Traffic congestion has been one of the fundamental problems of transportation faced by modern cites especially in Pasig area since the wide usage of automobiles. Just a normal few minutes trip to the market may take up to half an hour due to traffic jam or slowdown. And also the slowdown in the movement of goods and delivery of services, increased vehicle operating costs, and other wise productive man-hours consumed as travel time, which may be quantified. This thesis will talk about the impact of traffic congestion and the remedies that may help to improve the situation. This daily strain on the quality of life of the municipality of Pasig, including the labor force, students, and other regular commuters, maybe difficult to quantify, the negative impact of traffic congestion to public commuter’s cannot be ignored. The negative impact will be determine along this research.

Background of the Study Traffic congestion is a normal phenomenon associated with transportation, especially in urban areas because of the modernity, many vehicles are being sold and buy so that traffic congestion occur. Congestion is one of the problems involving road. As demand approaches the capacity of a road or of the intersections along the road, extreme traffic congestion will sets in. When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam or traffic snarl-up. Traffic congestion can lead to drivers becoming frustrated and engaging in road rage. Therefore there is a difference between traffic jam and traffic congestion. In addition, according to Daniel Mohamed (1993), congestion occurs due to the long queue of

vehicles along the way and the vehicle cannot move smoothly due to certain obstacles. Among the forms of barriers that exist are a crossroads and traffic lights that affect delay, accidents, floods as well as road maintenance. Transportation and property are important in physical and economic development of towns and cities all over the world. Property and land values tend to increase in areas with expanding transportation networks, and increase less rapidly in areas without such improvements. Rapid and continued rise in housing and land prices are expected in cities with transportation improvements and rapid economic and population growth (Goldberg, 1970).

Statement of the Problem The growing number of population and development of towns in Pasig city contributes more to increase of vehicles flowing. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of traffic congestion along Molave street. to Pasig market to the commuters. It seeks to answer specifically the following questions: 1. What are the respondents profile in terms of: a.) Age 10 -25

25 – 40

46 – 60

b.) Gender Female

Male

c.) Socioeconomic Status Student

Workers

Commuters

2. What are the impact of traffic to the commuters? In terms of… Sociological

Physical

3. What are the possible solutions to lessen the traffic congestion along Molave st. to Pasig market?

Hypothesis The impact of traffic congestion to the commuters causes a lot of stress that made them feel exhausted at the start of the day which decreases their productivity at work or school.

Significance of the study The findings of this study are significant because it attempts to determine the impact of traffic congestion along Molave st to Pasig market. This will provide solutions that can decrease the problem in traffic. The study will impart better understanding about the impacts of traffic and how can citizens regulate their time arrival. This will benefit to the following: Commuters  It will benefit the commuters to know what increase their social interaction, and can help them with their daily life. Employees  It will benefit the employees to increase their productivity, reduce workplace accident and enhance public image. Also, it helps the employees to manage their time. Students

 It will benefit the students in improving their learning about the traffic that they can encounter every day. And to gain a better understanding in the effect of traffic congestion. Drivers  It will benefit the drivers to improve their driving skills to reduce the risk of accidents, knowing how to avoid traffic crashes, recognizes potential, reduce traffic congestions and parking hassles. Future Researchers  It will benefit the future researchers who will also tackle the same problem in their research and also will gave them information that they can also use in the future.

Scope and Delimitation

Participants were selected via a probability based, sample random sampling process. The scope of the study is limited within the vicinity of Molave street. to Pasig Mega Market. Though the participants were selected via sample random sampling, there are still some factors to consider. First the researcher have considered the working place and the intentional plan to pass on the said place. Meaning this research will only entertain those who study and work pass Pasig Market and the commuters who find this place as a traffic prone area. Secondly the researchers do include the time of each commuters who pass here start from 6:00 o’clock to 9:00 o’ clock in the morning and 6:00 o’ clock 1to 9:00 o’ clock also in the evening. The purpose of this research is to give opportunity for each commuter to express. Themselves about traffic congestion

lastly, the research only included 10 student, 10 employees, and 10 commuters to know their perspective about traffic congestion.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK INPUT

OUTPUT

Impact of traffic  Demographic profile   

 Alternative route  Improvement of physical condition of road

Age Gender Socioeconomic Status

PROCESS PROCESS  SURVEY  QUESTIONNAIR E  OBSERVATION

THEORETRICAL FRAMEWORK CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

Geographical theory such as central place theory can support learning behaviour. The theory was originally published in 1933 by a German geographer Walter Christaller who studied the settlement patterns in southern Germany. Wiki (2012) described that central place theory is a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding areas. The central place is so called because it is centrally located to maximize accessibility from the surrounding regions. Central places compete against each other to serve as markets for goods and services. According to central place theory all areas have similar purchasing power of all consumers (students) and consumer will patronize the nearest market (school). Students should attend the nearest schools which provide service that they intend to require and not to travel a long distance to find the same service which is provided within their communities (wards). The theory also assumes that transportation costs equal in all direction and proportional to distance. Some students consume a lot of money on transport to and from school while others are getting education in low costs. This theory will balance transport cost so as to reduce financial burden to support their children to attend to school regularly. The central place theory involves transport principle which states that the distribution of central places is most advantageous when as many important places as possible lie on one traffic route between two important towns, the route being established as straight and as cheap as possible and clients select the nearest outlet

that carries a desired service (Chen, 2010). Eppli and Benjamin (1994) used central place theory in their study on the evaluating of shopping center; most respondents indicate that they traveled to the nearest center to purchase convenience goods and services. Community schools should be built in the areas where there is good connectivity for accessibility from all unnecessary movement which involve harshness, wastage of learning time and financial burden.

Location Theory Feinberg (2005) explained the location theory that established by Johann Heinrich Von Thunen (1783-1850). It based on location of cities as well as to balancing both land costs and transport cost. It intended to ensure that perishable products are to be reached to the market place timely at low transport cost. A school in the city should be designed so that student can access transport as quickly as possible to avoid poor attendance caused by transport problems as well as cost. According to Weber’s theory of industrial location, the total transportation costs of transporting raw material from both site to the production site and production site and production from the production site to the market. The production site (school), therefore, will be located near the raw material (student) sources for a least transport cost (eneyelopedia britamiea, 2014). Nayati (2008) on locating school bus routes contended that all human beings have a natural tendency of selecting the shortest or the fastest path to go from one place to another. Similarity, transports expenses respectively. As the government policies attempts to adjust schools to increase access and quality education, it should first examine the basis for the initial location decisions in order to understand the impact of altering motivation. Dar es Salaam city has experienced considerable population growth in

recent years. This growth has produced new schools in areas outside the city and some of those schools are located where there are invisible public transport routes. It is important to consider location and design of the school site, preferably during the planning stages, in order to establish safe and efficient transportation. Some students in cities want to consume education but transport problems including transportation cost affect where education produced as the result, education becomes attendance and truancy which are the first signs of deterioration of school and quality education. Thus, it is crucial to the government to do all it can to promote good school attendance habits among its students. Appropriate transport for students to and from schools should be essential precondition for the effective educational system. Through regular school attendance and punctuality students can progress academically hence to lead quality education. These geographical theories will adequately inform this study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS Arterial Route – arterial road or arterial thoroughfare is a high-capacity urban road. The primary function of an arterial road is to deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways or expressways, and between urban centers at the highest level of service possible. Alleviate – relieve or lesson Authoritative – having, marked by,or proceeding from authority commanding and self-confident; likely to be respected and obeyed. Automobiles- 4 wheeled passenger vehicle with its own power source. Colorum - slang for illegal public land transport in the Philippines. According to the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), the term “colorum” refers to a franchise violation according to five criteria. Congestion – ovecrond or overfill Congestion Pricing - Congestion charging to reduce the effects of growing traffic congestion and its externalities has for decades been the subject of discussion in academic literature and government policy Establishment - generally denotes a dominant group or elite that holds power or authority in a nation or organization. The Establishment may be a closed social group which selects its own members or specific entrenched elite structures, either in government or in specific institutions. Inconvenience- an annoying occurrence that makes you go out of your way, like the inconvenience of a detour that takes you off your usual route, or

the inconvenience of the door bell ringing just as you are about to take a dish out of the oven. Road Pricing - is a type of arrangement where motorist pay directly for driving on a particular roadway or in a particular area. Statistic-numerical facts, collected for study Traffic enforcer - is someone who enforcers traffic rules and safety standards. At times they may also be called highway patrol officer. They detailed within neighborhoods or local police station or any nearby posts. Transport Externalities - This paper investigates traffic congestion not merely as a standalone issue, but one which has a number of flowing external effects

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Local The primary function of transportation is to provide mobility for people and goods within the city, but the efficiency with this is achieved to be reduced by traffic (Turton et al, 1992). Congestion may define as a situation that arises when road and rail networks are no longer capable of accommodating the movements that occur to them.

Congestion has been one of the fundamental problems faced by modern cities since the wide usage of automobiles. Just a normal few minutes trip to the convenience store may take up to half an h our due to traffic or slowdown. Current official forecasts imply that traffic will be substantially worse if the current Government projects and policies implemented by the municipality of Pasig are not successful. This is because road traffic is growing faster than road capacity. This is not a temporary problem: it will continue to be the case, in the absence of measures to reduce traffic, because it is infeasible to match a road programmed to unrestricted trends in traffic growth.

There are some major cause of traffic as identified by Pacione(2005, pp.267268), "the increasing number and use of vehicles on the roads. More specifically, it stems from the concentration of travel flows at certain times during the day, with the principal reason for the typical double-peak distribution of daily trips being the journey to and from work". The proliferation of low capacity vehicles such as tricycle and jeeps in

Sandoval Avenue have also contributed immensely to the problem. It must also be stated here that other factors such as lack of proper road markings; narrowness of roads; and lack of necessary intersections among others also contribute to the problem of traffic along Sandoval Avenue. Apart from the causes identified by Pacione above, other causes are the human elements; for example lack of adequate pedestrian crossing points, drivers stopping anywhere, selling /hawking in the streets, and vehicles sharing the roads with pedestrians.

According to the daily commuters, drivers and residents along the area the available road space (30%) is used in an inefficient manner for parking for street vendors and unloading and loading of the vehicles. It is therefore sufficient to state that traffic along Sandoval Avenue has become an obstacle that hinders people's socio-economic development as well the productivity of the entire city.

In a report posted in Rappler written by Katerina Francisco, professor in the University of the Philippines (UP). Jose Regin Regidor was quoted as saying that wasted productivity hours because of traffic is equal to monetary value that could be used for other things , such as earning extra income or spending more time with family.

Foreign Different views were studied by Robert A. Johnston, Jay R. Lund, Paul P. Craig, 1995 on congestion generation and degeneration. Their study revealed that, it is unlikely that roadway construction or vehicle automation will be able to alleviate most major urban congestion in the near future i.e. for another 5 –15 years. Traffic congestion occurs when a volume of traffic or modal split generates demand for space greater than the available road capacity. There are a number of specific circumstances which cause or aggravate congestion; most of 8 them reduce the effective capacity of a road at a given point or over a certain length, or increase the number of vehicles required for a given volume of people or goods. Capacity allocation studies reveal that approaches like laissez-faire allocation, allocation by passenger load, ramp metering, road and parking pricing, allocation by trip purpose, rationing, and mixed strategies can be used for reducing congestion.

Evaluating the efficacy of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies in reducing accidents that affect research development of models (such as incident delay and congestion models) that can 9 accurately predict incident duration along with the magnitude of nonrecurring congestion, have been reported by A.Garib, A.E.Radwan & H.Al-Deek, 1997.

According to a research titled “Employer Views on Traffic Congestion” (Policy Brief 115 of the Reason Foundation, February 2014), traffic congestion is a problem not just for individual commuters but for businesses as well. While commuters are greatly

concerned over rush hour traffic, businesses are also concerned with the off-peak hour (non-rush hour) delivery of goods. It was pointed out in the research that because businesses are concerned with congestion during both time periods, their views on traffic congestion differ from those of commuters. Solving rush hour and off-peak congestion is also more challenging than merely solving rush hour congestion.

According to Rodriquez (2009) states that congestion can be perceive as unavoidable consequences of scarce transport facilities such as road space, parking area, road signal and effective traffic management. They argue that urban congestion mainly concerned two domains of circulation, passengers and freight which shared the same infrastructure. Thus traffic congestion condition on road networks occurs us a result excessive views of road infrastructure beyond capacity, and it is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip hours and increase vehicular queuing.

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This chapter shall present the steps or methods that will be taken in the study. Likewise, the chapter discuss how the research will be implemented to come up with facts that will determine the Impact of Traffic Along Molave street to Pasig City Market.

Research design This study entitled “The Impact of Traffic Along Molave street to Pasig City market”, a qualitative research that attempts to accumulate existing information and data regarding the causes of it. Trochim stated that “a key reason for doing qualitative research is to investigate and become more experienced with a particular phenomenon of then research’s interest in order to deliver a detailed description.” This part of the study utilized the descriptive method of research. As widely accepted, the descriptive method of research is a fact finding study that involves adequate and accurate interpretations of findings. This represent the whole method being used to conduct the research as to: to whom to survey, where to conduct the research and the number of population using probability sampling design. This will answer the purpose of the study by directly interacting with participants. The questionnaire survey respondents were given ample time to assess the question in the survey sheets. The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the causes of

particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to acquire firsthand data from the respondents so as to formulate a rational and sound conclusion and recommendations for the study. Two types of data were used: primary and secondary data. The primary data were derived from the answer respondents gave in the self –administered questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The secondary data on the other hand, were derived from the findings stated in published documents and literatures related to the research problem. These were based from the recent literature related to payments modes.

Respondents of the study The general respondent of the study are commuters and drivers in Pinagbuhatan Pasig City. Instrumentation In this study, the instrument used is a questionnaire, which necessary for descriptive method. The contents of the questionnaire are profile s of the commuters within the Pinagbuhatan Pasig city and how they adjust to their surroundings. The researcher designed the questionnaire in proper form to accommodate sufficient and relevant information required from the respondents.

Validation of the Instrument The researchers used the content validity type best represent the essence, topics and areas that test is designed to measure. The researchers formulated the questionnaire and asked the particular respondents that are knowledgable to the study.

Data Gathering Procedure The researcher sought the permission in the authority before the questionnaire for making survey form will be given directly to the respondents. The respondents did their role for answering the questionnaire cooperatively that the researcher did not find any difficulty or bad instances in securing data from them. Statistical Treatment of Data The data that are obtained from the respondents were tabulated systematically in order to understand the correct information related to each elements of the target population. This study will utilized statistical method to answer the research problems .Weighted mean will be used to represent the respondents perception of the commuters and drivers when it comes to traffic.

̅= 𝒙

Where weighted mean X= values of the items in the distribution W= weight of the items in the distribution X = w

∑ 𝒘𝒙 ∑𝒘