Final Report For Rural Speed Radio Programs Impact Assessment_ian Nkata_uganda

International Labour Organisation

FIT-SEMA Small Enterprise Media in Africa Project

Impact Assessment Report on Rural SPEED Radio Programs Promoting “Savings Culture” Submitted to ILO FIT-SEMA and Rural SPEED Project

October 2007

Prepared by: Ian K. Nkata Media and Market Research Consultant P.O. Box 16003 Kampala Uganda Telephone: +256 772 400 717 Email: [email protected]

Table of Contents FIT-SEMA Small Enterprise Media in Africa Project 1 Chart 22: Accuracy of information in the radio programs 4 Chart 23: How satisfied with resource people 4 Chart 24: Preferred attributes of resource people 4 1

Introduction 7

2

Objectives of the impact assessment 7

3

Methodology 8 3.1

Pre-assessment activities 8

3.2

Sampling size and technique 8

3.3

Data collection and assessment tools 9

3.4

Data processing and analysis 10

4

Challenges faced 10

5

Findings 11 5.1 Background information 11 5.1.1 Gender of respondents 11 5.1.2 Age of respondents 12 5.1.3 Main source of income 12 5.1.4 Categories of respondents 13 5.2 Saving habits 14 5.2.1 Do you save? 14 5.2.2 Frequency of saving 14 5.2.3 Average amount of money saved in given period 15 5.2.4 Proportion saved 16 5.2.5 Mode of saving 17 5.2.6 Key reasons for saving 18 5.2.7 Decision making for savings 18 5.2.8 Problems faced when saving 18 5.2.9 Key reasons for inability to save 19 5.3 Awareness of Radio Programs promoting “Savings Culture” 20 5.3.1 Program awareness and listenership to radio programs on savings culture 20 5.3.2 Radio station on which programs were listened to 21 5.3.3 Frequency of listening to radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” 24 Chart 13: Frequency of listening to radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” 24 5.3.4 Sources of information on savings and micro finance before radio programs on Savings 26 One of the objectives of the assessment was to find out sources of information on savings and micro finance. Chart 14 below clearly demonstrates that word of mouth, 30%, and local village groups (local MFIs), 24%, were the main sources of such information before commencement of radio programs promoting savings culture. 26 Chart 14: Sources of information on savings and micro finance before radio programs on Savings 26 5.3.5 Associating Radio Programs promoting savings culture with organizations/Programmes 27 5.4 Program Content and Delivery and Delivery 28 5.4.1 Relevance of topics or issues covered in radio programs on “Savings Culture” 28 5.4.2 Key reasons for topical relevance 28 5.4.3 Key reasons for irrelevance of topics covered 29 5.4.4 How adequately topics were covered 30 5.4.5 Topical issues that need to be reviewed or revisited in future programs 32 5.4.6 Satisfaction with presentation style of radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” 33 5.4.7 Accuracy of information in the radio programs 35 Chart 22: Accuracy of information in the radio programs 35 5.4.8 Preferred mode of presentation 36

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5.4.9 Preferred attributes of resource people on the radio programs 36 About 47% of the respondents were satisfied with resource people’s work. 36 Chart 23: How satisfied with resource people 36 Chart 24: Preferred attributes of resource people 37 5.4.10 Suggestions on how the “Savings Culture” radio programs can be improved 37 5.5 Application of ideas from Radio Programs promoting “Savings Culture” 38 5.5.1 Effectiveness of the radio programs on “Savings Culture” 38 5.5.2 Level of Listeners savings before commencement of radio program and after 39 5.5.3 How ideas or knowledge from radio programs was applied to enhance savings habits 39 5.5.4 Beneficial aspects from the radio programs 40 Table 26: Beneficial aspects from the radio programs 40 5.5.5 Assessment of different aspects of the radio programs 41 5.5.6 Likelihood of improving savings habits as a result of listening to the radio programs 43 Chart 28: Likelihood of improving saving habits after radio programs 43 5.6 General Issues 44 5.6.1 Use of radio as a tool or medium for promoting/developing savings culture and micro finance industry activities 44 5.6.2 Reasons for using radio 44 5.6.3 Reasons for not recommending the use of radio for promoting savings culture 45 5.6.4 General comments radio programs promoting savings culture 45 6

Concluding statements and recommendations 49

Appendices I. II. III. IV.

Detailed statistical data from the assessment (Disaggregated) Survey locations Research Teams Sample of Police Introductory letter

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Average amount savings Table 2: Mode saving Table 3: Reasons for saving Table 4: Decision making on savings Table 5: Key reasons for inability to save Table 6: Akandala Table7: Deru Para Table 8: Manyangua Table 9: Bikiira Nyentsya Table 10: Bikiira Nyentsya Table 11: Eyeterekera Table 12: Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi Table 13: Yiko Oywelo (Biacara) Table 14: Comparison between awareness and listenership Table 15: Number of times program was listened to Table 16: Number of times promotional adverts were heard Table 17: Organizations to which radio programs are associated Table 18: Adequately covered Table 19: Topics not adequately covered Table 20: Topics for review or revisiting Table 21: Reasons given for accuracy of information Table 22: Reasons given for accuracy of information Table 23: Preferred mode of presentation Table 24: Suggestions for improving radio programs ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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Table 25: Actions taken to enhance saving habits Table 26: Beneficial aspects from the radio programs

LIST OF CHARTS

Chart 1: Gender of Respondents Chart 2: Age of respondents Chart 3: Main Source of income Chart 4: Categories of respondents Chart 5: Do you save on a regular basis? Chart 6: Frequency of saving Chart 7: Proportion saved Chart 8: Percentage of incomes saved Chart 9: Main challenges faced when saving Chart 10: Awareness of radio programs promoting savings culture Chart 11: Listening to the program Chart 12: Comparison between awareness and listenership Chart 13: Frequency of listening to radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” Chart 14: Sources of information on savings and micro finance before radio programs on Savings Chart 15: Relevance of topics covered Chart 16: Reasons for relevance of topics covered Chart 17: Reasons for irrelevance of topics covered Chart 18: How topics were adequately covered Chart 20: Reasons for satisfaction with style of presentation Chart 21: Reasons for dissatisfaction with style of presentation Chart 22: Accuracy of information in the radio programs Chart 23: How satisfied with resource people Chart 24: Preferred attributes of resource people Chart 25: Effectiveness of the radio programs on “Savings Culture” Chart 26: Level of saving before and after listening to “Savings Culture” program Chart 27: Agreement on statements about savings promotion programs Chart 28: Likelihood of improving saving habits after radio programs Chart 29: Recommending use of radio Chart 30: Reasons for using of radio

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ILO FIT-SEMA in partnership with Rural SPEED, a USAID Funded Project have supported radio programs on “Promoting a Savings Culture” in the last six months on selected radio stations i.e. Radio West, Voice of Teso, Radio Paidha, CBS Radio, Rock Mambo, Mega FM, and Pacis Radio under the theme “Enhancing your Financial Security through Savings”. Seven Radio Programs “Promoting Savings Culture” were run on 7 radio stations i.e. “Akandala” on Voice of Teso “Deru Para” on Radio Paidha “Manyangua” on Radio Pacis “Bikiira Nyentsya” on Radio West “Eyeterekera” on CBS FM “Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi” on Rock Mambo FM “Yiko Oywelo” on Mega FM An impact assessment of radio programs promoting savings culture targeting farmers in agro business, small business owners and operators, and income earners (with disposable income) was carried out and the main objectives of the assessment were: – – – – – –

To assess awareness of the Radio Programs Promoting the Rural Savings Culture To find out the impact of the Radio Programs (promoting the savings culture) on the lives of the rural MSE and farming communities. To assess the level of impact the Radio Programs have had in promoting savings and business development To assess the method of delivery/presentation in the respective Radio programs To assess which organizations are associated with the Radio programs To solicit suggestions for improvement of the Radio programs that were aired

The assessment was undertaken in the districts of Soroti, Nebbi, Arua, Mbarara, Kabale, Kampala/Central, Tororo and Gulu. Key findings indicate that 57% of the respondents are aware of a radio program promoting savings culture. The radio programs are more associated with Uganda Micro Finance Forum and Rural SPEED than any other organization. Over 50 % of the respondents found the topics discussed to be very relevant while topics like Income generating activities; why people should save (benefits); community saving habits; what saving is all about; where people should save; and dangers of not saving, were seen to have been more adequately covered than other areas. The effectiveness of the radio programs was highly regarded as over 80% of the respondents said that programs were effective in their personal or business lives. Some identified areas that need to be covered include: More about interest rates; How to access loans; Banking procedures and more clearly on requirements for opening an account; Who to approach about savings; Why cash withdrawals are restricted and to help people differentiate between genuine financial institutions and fake ones to minimize cheating of the public. Things that need to be done to improve the radio programs include:

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1) Strengthening of coverage of some topics like: Why people don’t save in financial institutions; Safety & security of money ; Types of financial institutions and Why people should save in financial institutions 2) Listeners would like to hear more from the following topics: Income generating activities; Community saving habits; Why people should save (Benefits); Saving as a solution to poverty alleviation; Ways of saving; and Saving vs. Borrowing 3) Using radio to more effectively to encourage people to save in financial institutions that are well established and genuine. 4) Encouraging people to save for reasons of either starting a business or expanding one as opposed to saving for only emergencies. Investing money that has been saved would ensure some form of sustainability as constant returns will be expected with time. 5) Encouraging sustained savings by promoting budgeting 6) Increasing awareness of radio programs promoting savings culture. This can be done through door to door sensitization or workshops at village level. 7) Inviting successful people especially business people to the radio programs. This would act as a source of inspiration. This can be successful if persons invited can be identified with the people. 8) Providing more air time for radio programs promoting savings culture. This can be done either by adding more program time or have the programs run at least twice a week.

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1 Introduction ILO FIT-SEMA in partnership with Rural SPEED, a USAID Funded Project have supported radio programs on “Promoting a Savings Culture” in the last six months on selected radio stations i.e. Radio West, Voice of Teso, Radio Paidha, CBS Radio, Rock Mambo, Mega FM, and Pacis Radio under the theme “Enhancing your Financial Security through Savings”. FIT-SEMA and Rural Speed, in this partnership, sought to maximise the use of radio in delivering information that will enable the growth of the savings culture and the partnership aimed at developing a win-win working arrangement among the industry stakeholders on the one hand and radios on the other, so that relevant information is delivered to the audience with the desired effect, and the communication objectives of those participating in this sponsorship is achieved. ILO FIT-SEMA project works with radio stations to enable the flow of information targeting rural micro and small enterprises. The project works with radio stations in establishing business programs that act as a platform for providing information, debates and dialogue aimed at enabling MSEs influence policies that affect their business environment while Rural SPEED has been involved in deliberate efforts to promote the culture of savings through so that the practice becomes part of people’s lives to manage incomes for the benefit of their households and the economic activities in the medium to long term. The key communication objectives for this campaign were: a) b) c) d)

To enhance understanding of the importance, value, and the required practices to make savings a long term and valued practice among rural MSEs and farmers. To enhance awareness among rural MSEs and farmers of the different roles stakeholders (particularly service providers) can play in establishing a savings culture over the medium to long term To enhance dialogue among all stakeholders in the industry on issues regarding savings using radio as an accessible and sustainable platform To demonstrate campaign benefits for sponsors, advertisers and organisations that participated on the programs

ILO FIT-SEMA and Rural SPEED decided to hire a consultant to assess the impact of the radio programs in the respective broadcast areas and districts.1 Lessons from the assessment, it was envisaged, would be used to improve future interventions/programs and to also encourage other stakeholders to come on board to support these initiatives. This report therefore presents the findings of the assessment and it also outlines recommendations for improving radio programs promoting “savings culture”.

2 Objectives of the impact assessment The overall goal was to assess the impact of the “Savings Culture” Radio Programs on the rural farming and business communities. Below were the specific objectives of the assessment: • •

1

To assess awareness of the Radio Programs Promoting the Rural Savings Culture To assess the relevance of program content

Districts covered were Soroti, Nebbi, Arua, Gulu, Tororo, Kabale, Mbarara and Kampala.

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• • • • • • •

To find out the impact of the Radio Programs (promoting the savings culture) on the lives of the rural MSE and farming communities. To assess the level of impact the Radio Programs have had in promoting savings and business development To establish which issues are not currently addressed but are important To assess the method of delivery/presentation in the respective Radio programs To evaluate the accuracy of program content To assess which organizations are associated with the Radio programs To solicit suggestions for improvement of the Radio programs that were aired

3 Methodology This chapter covers pre-assessment activities, the assessment methodology dealing with sampling, survey tools, data collection and analysis techniques.

3.1 Pre-assessment activities Before the assessment, a number of activities were carried out. These were: a) Meeting with ILO FIT-SEMA and Rural SPEED officials to ensure that issues raised in the proposal were in line with their needs. b) Designing the questionnaire in consultation with ILO FIT-SEMA and Rural SPEED officials. c) Training interviewers and supervisors in preparing them for the assignment. During the training, the draft questionnaire was reviewed so that interviewers would familiarize with it before commencement of fieldwork. In the same meeting the main goal of the impact assessment was communicated to them as part of the preparation process. Issues addressed in the training were: • • • • •

Sample size, allocation per person Gender considerations and proportions Location of research, detail of work plan – field movement Duration of research General expectations

28 people took part in the training and briefing. The supervisors, who the led the various teams, were given a special session to outline what was expected of them. The team leaders were expected to guide the teams in the various survey locations. A detailed guideline document was given to them to help in directing field operations. The guideline document appears in appendix V.

3.2 Sampling size and technique The assessment set out to interview 900 respondents who included farmers in agro-business; medium and small enterprise owners and operators and members of the general public especially those have a disposable income (earn a regular income) in one way or another. The ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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respondents interviewed were found in districts within broadcast areas of the radio stations on which the “Savings Culture” Radio Programs were run. These districts included: Soroti, Nebbi, Arua, Gulu, Tororo, Kabale, Mbarara and Kampala. The assessment intended to have 15% of the sample be farmers in agro-business; 50% medium and small enterprise owners and operators and 35% general public especially those have a disposable income (earn a regular income). The sample was randomly drawn from the eight districts using a combination of techniques because of the complexity of the target respondents. Techniques applied included systematic random sampling technique and judgmental technique. The systematic random technique was applied as follows: every 4th subject was chosen for an interview following the left hand rule. The researcher randomly choose the 1st subject for an interview and after the interview the research then counted up to 4 and the next 4th subject was interviewed and so on. This is what is called the skip interval. This was used mainly in the case of households in a given area and in public places. This was done as long as the chosen subject fitted into the target respondents. If subject was found not applicable, then the next was chosen following the same pattern. Judgmental sampling technique was applied in a situation where the researcher drew a representative sample based on personal judgment that is the subject is characteristic of the population under study. These were entrepreneurs (i.e. MSE owners and/or operators and farmers in agro-business). The researchers followed strict guidelines on how many people were to be interviewed in each category as in target respondents as well as gender considerations. The supervisors ensured compliance to set rules and guidelines. Survey locations were followed as planned. A list of locations and survey routes appear in the appendix).

3.3 Data collection and assessment tools A detailed structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face to face interviews. The questionnaire2 was divided into six major sections. These included: • Background information • Saving habits • Radio Programs awareness • Program content and delivery • Application • General issues In order to take cater for language matters, research assistants engaged in the assignment were speakers of local languages i.e. Luo, Lugbar, Alur, Jophadola, Ateso, Rukiga, Luganda and Runyankore. This was done to minimize any shortcomings during the interviews in case the interviewers were unable to express themselves in the respective local languages. The research assistants were encouraged to translate questions, where necessary, without distorting their meanings. Given that the assessment covered three regions (8 districts), the data collection process was managed as described below: a)

Eight teams of various sizes were formed. Some had 3 and others had 4 while one had 5 research assistants3 depending on where they are going. Each team was inclusive of

2

The final questionnaire draft was accepted by officials from FIT-SEMA and Rural SPEED. All salient issues were covered accordingly before the assessment. ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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b)

c)

supervisor who was team leader. The eight teams covered the following districts Soroti; Nebbi; Arua; Gulu; Tororo; Kabale; Mbarara and Kampala. Each team had a leader/supervisor that was in charge of the team and had their responsibilities well stipulated in a supervisor’s guideline document. (See a detailed copy in the appendix V). Their main areas of focus were guiding the team, quality assurance, general supervision and progress reporting to the consultant. The consultant was in constant touch with the supervisors to see to it that work was proceeding as planned. The consultant visited some research sites to do spot checks on some teams and took some photographs of field work being undertaken. District Frequency Percent Gulu 106 11.8 Arua 111 12.3 Nebbi 98 10.9 Tororo 105 11.7 Soroti 100 11.1 Mbarara 125 13.9 Kabale 106 11.8 Kampala 150 16.6 Total 901 100

3.4 Data processing and analysis Data in the questionnaires were edited and checked to ensure completeness, clarity and consistency of the responses. Most of the data collected was quantitative in nature. The quantitative data was captured into SPSS for windows (Version 12.0) for initial processing. For further analysis and manipulation, the processed data was exported into MS Excel. The findings are summarized into frequency tables, graphs and cross tabulations which are presented in Chapter 5. The questionnaires were also characterized by some open-ended questions which required the respondents to freely respond. These were analyzed by organizing the responses into coherent categories which were counted for purposes of ranking, and some were coded for further analysis. These are also discussed in Chapter 5.

4 Challenges faced In the course of collecting data, the process was faced with some challenges. Much as these challenges came up, measures to mitigate them were designed in order meet the set objectives of the assessment. Below are some of the challenges that were faced: •

•

It took a lot of convincing potential respondents that information being collected was concerned with radio programs promoting savings and that the teams were not representing financial institutions from which they expect money within the framework of “Prosperity for all” programme. Some listeners would recall the amount of money they save in a given period. In this case the respondents were encouraged to give some indicative figures.

3

Gender considerations will be made in research team composition to ensure a balance. ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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•

Accessing some areas especially in Soroti District was difficult due to floods that had occurred in the area. In this case activities were limited to places which were accessible.

5 Findings This chapter presents the findings of the assessment in an aggregated form. Detailed findings by radio footprint appear in appendix I in disaggregated form. 4

5.1 Background information 5.1.1 Gender of respondents Of the 901 respondents, 54% were females while 46% were males. Chart 1: Gender of Respondents

Ge nde r Base:901

Male 46% Female 54%

4

This is broken down as per either radio station/program or district under study. ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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5.1.2 Age of respondents Over 66% of the respondents interviewed were between the ages of 18 and 35 years of age. Most of the people interviewed were between 25 and 35 years of age. They accounted for about 30% of the total. Chart 2: Age of respondents

Age of Respondents Base 897 35.0

29.7

30.0 25.0

21.5

20.0

15.2

15.0

12.6

10.0

9.4

6.1

5.6

46-50

Over 51 years

5.0 0.0 18-24

25-30

31-35

36-40

41-45

5.1.3 Main source of income Respondents were required to indicate their main source of income. Majority of the respondents are involved in some of some retail trade business i.e. 36%. These own small shops, groceries or sell something to earn some income. Also significant are those involved in direct farming and some kind of service business with scores of 20% and 16% respectively as indicated in Chart 3 below. Service business is characterized by such things as phone operator, saloon operator, tailoring, car mechanics, bicycle repair, carpentry, barber, photocopying and hiring services. A total of 25% of the respondents are either formally or informally employed.

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Chart 3: Main Source of income

Main source of income Base:901

Farming 20%

No response 3%

Business-Retail trade 36%

Employed formally 14% Employed by others privately 11%

Business - Service industry 16%

5.1.4 Categories of respondents The assessment was principally directed towards farmers in agro business, small business owners/operators and income earners. The respondents were asked to identify the category in which they mainly fall. The figure below shows the results: Chart 4: Categories of respondents Main categories of respondents Base:895 Farmer in agro business 19% Small business ow ner/operator 48% Income earner (w ith disposable income) 33%

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5.2 Saving habits 5.2.1 Do you save? The respondents were asked to indicate if they save or not. Chart 5 below indicates that at least 78% of the respondents save some money on a regular basis while 22% said they did not. Chart 5: Do you save on a regular basis? Do you save on a regular basis? Base:891

No 22%

Yes 78%

5.2.2 Frequency of saving Over 40% of the respondents said that they save some money on a monthly basis while just fewer than 29% do so on a weekly basis. Other specifications of saving frequency are characterized by frequencies of 2 or 3 months or more to a year. Chart 6: Frequency of saving If yes, how often do you save? Base :706 45.0

40.1

40.0 35.0

28.6

30.0 25.0 20.0

15.2

15.0

9.2

6.4

10.0 5.0 0.0 Everyday

Weekly

Every 2 w eeks

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Other (specify)

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5.2.3 Average amount of money saved in given period The respondents were requested to indicate the average amount of money they save in a given period. Table 1 below shows the details. Majority save 5000/= or less (25%), while 18% save between 5001/= and 10,000/=. Also significant is the 15% who save between 10,001 and 20,000/=. It can be concluded from this table that almost 60% of the respondents save anywhere between 5000/= (or less) to 20,000/= in a given period. Table 1: Average amount savings

Average amount of savings in period stated Frequency Percent Less 5000/= 174 25.0 5,001-10,000/= 126 18.1 10,001-20,000/= 105 15.1 20,001-30,000/= 54 7.8 30,001-40,000/= 27 3.9 40,001-50,000/= 50 7.2 50,001-60,000/= 47 6.8 60,001-70,000/= 8 1.1 70,001-80,000/= 11 1.6 80,001-90,000/= 5 0.7 90,001-100,000/= 23 3.3 100,001-110,000/= 22 3.2 110,001-120,000/= 3 0.4 120,001-130,000/= 3 0.4 130,001-140,000/= 3 0.4 170,001-180,000/= 1 0.1 More than 180,000/= 23 3.3 Not applicable 11 1.6 Total 696 100

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5.2.4 Proportion saved An indication of proportion respondents was required to show what part of their incomes is saved. Chart 7 below indicates that just over 61% save “some of it” while 13% said that they save most of their income. Chart 7: Proportion saved What proportion of income is saved? Base:901 70.0

61.5

60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0

22.6

20.0 10.0

13.8 1.3

0.0 All of it

Most of it

Some of it

No response

In order to get an idea of how much the respondents saved, they were asked to show what portion of their income they save in percentage terms. Chart 8 below shows that majority of the respondents save between 1% and 10 % of their income. These account for about 33% of the total. Chart 8: Percentage of incomes saved

Regardless of income levels, what percentage of your earnings do you save? Base: 688 2.6

No t applicable

10.5

Percentage of income saved

Over 50%

11.5

46-50%

4.9

41-45%

3.9

36-40%

5.1

31-35%

7.6

26-30%

9.9

21-25%

5.1

16-20%

6.0

11-15%

17.0

6-10%

16.0

1-5%

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

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12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

16

5.2.5 Mode of saving Majority of the respondents save money in big banking institutions, keep at home in a secret place and also through arrangements in village groups (local initiatives and voluntary savings). Details appear in Table 2 below. However, with reference to the table below, there is a clear indication that saving in big banks, overall, is still low compared to all other modes combined. Table 2: Mode saving

How do you save? Big bank Keep at home/secret place Village groups (Local initiatives, voluntary savings) Village Savings & Loans Associations (VSLA) Savings & Credits Cooperatives (SACCOS) Invest in asset to be sold in emergency or investment club With friend, colleague or family Micro Finance Institution (Compulsory Savings on loans) Revolving Savings & Credit Associations (ROSCAS)

Frequency

Total

Percent 218 31.5 174 25.1 164 53 29

23.7 7.6 4.2

20 18

2.9 2.6

13

1.9

3

0.4

693

100.0

Low scores on Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) and Savings & Credits Cooperatives (SACCOS) are explained by such comments as “We would rather save our money in village groups because we are fed up with these new micro finance institutions. You cannot trust them.” (Male 25 -30, farmer, Bwizibwera Mbarara). “Some of these MFIs have been a major disappointment. A good number of people have invested/saved in wrong places or financial institutions only ending up loosing all their money. These institutions exploit ignorance of the people and cheat them. People need to know which are genuine and those that are not.” (Female 41-45, small business operator, Rwebikona Mbarara) However on the other hand some people effect savings by purchasing an asset like one respondent in Mbarara stated: “I bought land at 800,000/= from my savings” (Male 41-45, income earner, Bwizibwera Mbarara)

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5.2.6 Key reasons for saving Reasons for saving are essentially for future consumption, future investment, for expanding a business and insurance against emergencies as shown in table 3 below. Table 3: Reasons for saving

Key reason for saving some money Future consumption (School fees, health, rent etc) Future investment For expanding a business Insurance against emergencies Meet basic household needs Social security (I don’t want to depend on others) For starting a business To control expenditure Safe custody of wealth Financial freedom To pay back loan Social reasons (Weddings, bride price etc) Other reason (specify) Other do so/Been advised to do so Total

Frequency Valid Percent 218 32.6 162 24.2 71 10.6 66 9.9 43 6.4 24 3.6 23 3.4 17 2.5 16 2.4 11 1.6 9 1.3 6 0.9 2 0.3 1 0.1 669 100

5.2.7 Decision making for savings As far as decision making is concerned, decision making on savings is done individually i.e. 60%, while 29% decisions in consultation with a business partner or spouse. Table 4: Decision making on savings

Best description for one’s involvement in decision making on savings in business or household Frequency Percent I make decisions alone 411 60.4 I make decisions in consultation with partner/spouse 197 29.0 Make decisions in consultation with my family household members 69 10.1 Total 680 100

5.2.8 Problems faced when saving Recurrent emergencies like sickness were indicated as the major obstacle to saving money. This accounts for 47% of the problems. Security and safety of money was also indicated as a major challenge (17%). See chart 9 below for details.

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Chart 9: Main challenges faced when saving M ain challenges faced when saving money

Financial institution is far from dwelling place or business premise, 34, 4%

I lack information on savings/how to go about it, 33, 4%

Amount saved is not encouraging/not worthwhile, 88, 10%

Lending to non-paying back colleagues, 123, 15%

I nearly spend all I get, 28, 3%

Recurrent Emergencies, 398, 47%

Security /Safety, 142, 17%

5.2.9 Key reasons for inability to save Meager income and many financial commitments were indicated as the main reasons for inability to save. Table 5: Key reasons for inability to save

If one is unable to save regularly, what are the key reasons for this? Reasons Frequency Valid Percent Insufficient /meager income 130 56.8 Too many financial commitments 50 21.8 Lack of info/knowledge on savings 10 4.4 Other reason (specify) 10 4.4 High cost of living 9 3.9 I don’t have a regular income 7 3.1 No plan in place to do so 4 1.7 Can’t afford to have an account 4 1.7 Personal attribute – I am not the saving type of person 3 1.3 Financial institution is far from where I stay or operate 1 0.4 Inconvenient existing saving mechanisms 1 0.4 Total 229 100

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5.3 Awareness of Radio Programs promoting “Savings Culture” 5.3.1 Program awareness and listenership to radio programs on savings culture Overall about 57% of the 901 respondents were aware of radio programs promoting savings culture while 43% were not aware. Chart 10: Awareness of radio programs promoting savings culture Awareness of radio programs promoting savings culture Base:901

No 43%

Yes 57%

From assessing awareness levels of the radio programs, the survey went on to find out if respondents had listened to one. Of the 511 respondents who said they were aware, 86% of them had listened to a radio program on savings culture. See Chart 11. Chart 11: Listening to the program Have you listene d to a program on savings culture? Base:511

No 14%

Yes 86%

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5.3.2 Radio station on which programs were listened to Tables 6 to 13 show the radio stations on which the respondents said they heard the programs or listened to one. Each table shows the name of radio program, district and radio station. Table 6: Akandala

On which radio station have you listened to the program Akandala?” Soroti District Frequency Percent Non-response 30 Veritas 1 Voice of Teso 69 Total 100

30 1 69 100

Table7: Deru Para

On which radio station have you listened to the program “Deru Para”? Nebbi District Frequency Percent Non-response 33 33.0 Radio Paidha 67 67.0 Total 100 100

Table 8: Manyangua

On which radio station have you listened to the program “Manyangua”? Arua District Frequency Percent Non-response 70 63.6 Radio Pacis 40 36.4 Total 110 100

Table 9: Bikiira Nyentsya

On which radio station have you listened to the program on “Bikiira Nyentsya”? Kabale District Frequency

Non-response Radio West Voice of Kigezi Total

Percent 45 22 39 106

42.5 20.8 36.8 100

Table 10: Bikiira Nyentsya

On which radio station have you listened to the program “Bikiira Nyentsya”? Mbarara District Frequency Percent Non-response 50 40.0 Kinkizi 1 0.8 Radio West 71 56.8 Vision 3 2.4 Total 125 100

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Table 11: Eyeterekera

On which radio station have you listened to the program “Eyeterekera”? Kampala District/Central Region Frequency Percent Non-response 112 74.7 CBS 34 22.7 Simba 2 1.3 Super 2 1.3 Total 150 100

Table 12: Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi

On which radio station have you listened to the program “Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi”? Tororo District Frequency Percent Non-response 49.5 52 Rock Mambo 53 50.5 Total 105 100

Table 13: Yiko Oywelo (Biacara)

On which radio station have you listened to the program on “Yiko Oywelo”? Gulu District Frequency Percent Non-response 71.4 75 King FM 4 3.8 Mega FM 26 24.8 Total 105 100

A comparison between awareness and listenership of radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” In order to carry out a comparative analysis, the chart 12 and table 14 were developed to show comparisons between sample taken, number of respondents aware of the programs, number of respondents who listened to the programs and finally number of true listeners. For example in Mbarara District, as highlighted in table 14, 125 people were interviewed. Of these, 96 were aware of the programs. Furthermore of the 96 who were aware of the program 76 listened to some. So of the 76, 72 actually heard it on Radio West.

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Chart 12: Comparison between awareness and listenership Comparison between awareness and actual listening of Savings Culture Radio Programs 150

160 140 120 100 80

125 100 77

100 7169

110

78

70 6867

60

106

105

96 6561

No. of respondents

7672 59

42 4040

40

105

56 5453 3938

42

3030

Gulu District Yiko Oywelo(Biacara)

Tororo District Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi

Kampala District/Central Eyeterekera

Mbarara District Bikiira Nyentsya

Arua District Manyangua

Nebbi District Deru Para

Soroti District Akandala

0

Kabale District Bikiira Nyentsya

20

No. of respondents aware of program No. of respondents listened to program No. of true listeners to program

Table 14: Comparison between awareness and listenership

District/Program Soroti District - Akandala Nebbi District - Deru Para Arua District - Manyangua Kabale District - Bikiira Nyentsya Mbarara District - Bikiira Nyentsya Kampala District/Central Eyeterekera Tororo District - Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi Gulu District - Yiko Oywelo(Biacara)

No. of respondents 100 100 110

No. of respondents aware of program

No. of true listeners to program

77 70 42

No. of respondents listened to program 71 68 40

106

78

65

61

125

96

76

72

150

59

39

38

105

56

54

53

105

42

30

30

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

69 67 40

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5.3.3 Frequency of listening to radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” In order to assess the frequency of listening to the radio programs on savings culture, the respondents were asked to indicate how often they listened to the programs. Chart 13 below shows how often programs were listened to. Chart 13: Frequency of listening to radio programs promoting “Savings Culture”

How often did you listen to the program? Base :422 Not sure 32%

Once every 3 w eeks 6%

Every w eek 53% Once every 2 w eeks 9%

Of the 422 respondents to this question, about 53% said that they listened to the program every week while 9% listened to the program once every two weeks. However 32% of the respondents were not sure of how often they listened to the programs. Table 15: Number of times program was listened to How many times have you listened to the programs promoting Savings Culture? No. of times 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 Total

Frequency

Percent 27 27 37 36 38 32 17 13 12 53 3 1 296

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

9.1 9.1 12.5 12.2 12.8 10.8 5.7 4.4 4.1 17.9 1.0 0.3 100.0

24

How many times have you listened to the programs promoting Savings Culture? Total Range Minimum Maximum Mean 296 13 1 14

6

Table 15 above shows that majority of respondents listened to the program from 3 to 6 times and these account for a combined 48%. The single highest score is 17.9% for the respondents who listened to the programs at least 10 times. Deeper analysis reveals that the average number of times radio programs were listened to was 6 given that an average of 14 programs ran on each radio stations. Table 16: Number of times promotional adverts were heard How many times have you heard promotional adverts promoting Savings Culture? No. of times

Frequency

Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 18 20 30 50

10 7 19 11 12 10 2 18 4 27 3 2 2 9 5 1 142

Total

7.0 4.9 13.4 7.7 8.5 7.0 1.4 12.7 2.8 19.0 2.1 1.4 1.4 6.3 3.5 0.7 100.0

How many times have you heard promotional adverts promoting Savings Culture? N

Range 142

Minimum 49

Maximum 1

Mean 50

8

Deeper analysis also reveals that the average number of times promotional adverts were heard was 8. See table 16.

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5.3.4 Sources of information on savings and micro finance before radio programs on Savings One of the objectives of the assessment was to find out sources of information on savings and micro finance. Chart 14 below clearly demonstrates that word of mouth, 30%, and local village groups (local MFIs), 24%, were the main sources of such information before commencement of radio programs promoting savings culture. Chart 14: Sources of information on savings and micro finance before radio programs on Savings Source of info on sav ing mone y/micro finance be fore radio programs Branded give aw ays (Gifts), 46, 6%

Posters/Fliers/Billboard s, 44, 5%

Road show s, 47, 6% Word of mouth, 246, 30%

NGOs, 65, 8%

LC Structure, 84, 10% Local MFI, Local village groups, 201, 24% New spapers, 91, 11%

Low scores on road shows, billboards/posters and branded gifts as source of information on savings and micro finance are explained by the fact that majority of the respondents were in rural settings and did not have opportunities to be exposed to them. The sample was ratio of 65%:35%, rural to urban.

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5.3.5 Associating Radio Programs promoting savings culture with organizations/Programmes Given that there are a number of stakeholders in the micro finance sector, there was need to gauge which organizations are associated with the radio programs. Table 14 shows the outcome. The programs were more associated with Uganda Micro Finance Forum and Rural SPEED than any other organizations or programmes. Category “Other” was characterized by such organizations as National Social Security Fund (NSSF), Ankole Private Sector Promotion (Mbarara), West Nile Private Sector Promotion (Arua), Maracha Action Project (Arua), Bank of Uganda, Pride Micro Finance and Prosperity for All programme. Table 17: Organizations to which radio programs are associated Organizations to which radio programs are associated

Organizations/Programme Uganda Micro Finance Forum USAID/Rural SPEED Uganda Finance Trust (U-Trust) AMFIU – Association of Micro Finance institutions of Uganda Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development Uganda Cooperative Alliance (UCA) Other District Trade Office Business Culture Fund of the Government of Uganda SUFFICE – Support for Feasible Financial Institutions and Capacity Building Efforts ILO FIT-SEMA (Small Enterprise Media in Africa)

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

No. of responses 134 107 65 63 62 54 46 27 25 17 13

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5.4 Program Content and Delivery and Delivery 5.4.1 Relevance of topics or issues covered in radio programs on “Savings Culture” 52% of the respondents were of the view that topics covered in the radio programs were very relevant while 45% thought they were quite relevant. 2% did not think issues covered were relevant to them. Reasons given for relevance are shown in chart 16 and for irrelevance see chart 17 Chart 15: Relevance of topics covered Overall, how relevant were topics/issues covered? Base :438 60.0

52.3

50.0

45.0

Percent

40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0

2.3

0.0 Very relevant

Quite relevant

Not relevant

5.4.2 Key reasons for topical relevance Chart 16: Reasons for relevance of topics covered Reasons for relevance of topics tackled

Gave me ideas on how to manage savings, 210, 20%

Other reason, 9, 1% More enlightened about of savings, 343, 32%

Gave me some solutions and ideas on how to save, 271, 25% Things discussed are appropriate to me, 236, 22%

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5.4.3 Key reasons for irrelevance of topics covered Chart 17: Reasons for irrelevance of topics covered Reasons for topical irrelevance 16

14

No. of respondents

14 12 10

10

10

9

8

6

6 4 2 0 Was not enlightened as such

Things discussed No relevat w ere not solutions given to appropriate to my improve my situation situation

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

Nothing much w as added to w hat I already know

Other reason

29

5.4.4 How adequately topics were covered Chart 18: How topics were adequately covered How adequately topics were tackled 450 400

No. of respondents

350 300 250

Total Adequately Adequately s omewhat covered

200 150 100 50 0

Not adequately covered Not applicable

Chart 18 above shows a summary of how adequately the different topical areas were covered. Given Chart 18 above and table 18 below: Income generating activities; why people should save (benefits); community saving habits; what saving is all about; where people should save; and dangers of not saving, were more adequately covered than other areas. Table 18: Adequately covered Topical issues Income generating activities Why people should save (Benefits) Community saving habits What saving is all about Where people should save Dangers of not saving Saving as a solution to poverty alleviation Ways of saving Saving vs. Borrowing How people should spend their money Why people don’t save Safety & security of money Why people should save in financial institutions Types of financial institutions Why people don’t save in financial institutions

Total 424 397 414 364 386 354 361 380 376 365 389 361 365 353 348

Adequately Covered 287 259 233 207 206 206 200 195 186 182 176 158 147 142 126

Table 19 below shows areas not well covered in the programs. The top ones include: Why people don’t save in financial institutions; safety & security of money; types of financial institutions; and why people should save in financial institutions Table 19: Topics not adequately covered Topical issues Why people don’t save in financial institutions Safety & security of money Types of financial institutions Why people should save in financial institutions Ways of saving Why people don’t save Saving as a solution to poverty alleviation Where people should save Community saving habits How people should spend their money Saving vs. Borrowing What saving is all about Dangers of not saving Income generating activities Why people should save (Benefits)

Not adequately covered

Total 348 361 353 365 380 389 361 386 414 365 376 364 354 424 397

85 77 77 73 64 59 58 49 45 45 45 39 36 28 11

5.4.5 Topical issues that need to be reviewed or revisited in future programs Table 20: Topics for review or revisiting

Topics which should be reviewed/revisited in future programs Topical Issues Total Income generating activities 227 Community saving habits 169 Why people should save (Benefits) 138 Saving as a solution to poverty alleviation 124 Ways of saving 121 Saving vs. Borrowing 117 How people should spend their money 108 Why people don’t save 107 Safety & security of money 106 Where people should save 103 Why people should save in financial institutions 99 Types of financial institutions 96 What saving is all about 90 Why people don’t save in financial institutions 89 Dangers of not saving 74

Some areas that need to be covered include: a) More about interest rates b) How to access loans c) Banking procedures and more clearly on requirements for opening an account d) Who to approach about savings e) Why cash withdrawals are restricted – for those who have money in financial institutions why can’t they get what they want when they want f) To differentiate between genuine financial institutions and fake ones to minimize cheating of the public.

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5.4.6 Satisfaction with presentation style of radio programs promoting “Savings Culture” About 49% of the respondents were very satisfied with the style of presentation of the radio programs. About 10% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. About 4% were not satisfied. Chart 19: Satisfaction with presentation style How satisfied were you with presentation style of the program? Base :419 60.0 50.0

49.4

37.2

Percent

40.0 30.0 20.0

9.8

10.0

3.6

0.0

Very satisfied

Quite satisfied

Neutral

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

Not satisfied

33

Chart 20 below shows a number of reasons for satisfaction with presentation style. None of them clearly stands out as the main reason. The scores are close to each other. Reasons were that: Programs were very interactive (22%); Information given was well researched (18%); Guests/presenters were confident (19%); Programs flow well (18%); and Production and content were good (21%). Chart 20: Reasons for satisfaction with style of presentation Reasons for satisfaction with presentation style

Good program production/content, 257, 21%

Other, 29, 2% Very interactive, 268, 22%

Info given w ellresearched, 230, 18%

Program flow s w ell, 230, 18%

Guests/presenters are confident, 241, 19%

Chart 21: Reasons for dissatisfaction with style of presentation Reasons given for disatisfaction with presentation style

Using technical jargon, 4, 6%

Issues presented are not w ell researched, 4, 6%

Discussion of irrelevant issues, 2, 3% Other, , 0% Little time left for callers, 23, 34%

Adverts in program seen as interruptions, 5, 8% Time for program is not convenient, 6, 9% Some issues w ere left out, 7, 11%

Time given to program is not enough, 15, 23%

Given the small number of respondents who were not satisfied (about 25); there were some indications of dissatisfaction. Chart 21 above shows some of the reasons. What can be considered significant in this case is connected to limited time given to the programs. For ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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example 34% of that number said “Little time is left for callers” while 23% of that number said “Time given to program is not enough”.

5.4.7 Accuracy of information in the radio programs Chart 22: Accuracy of information in the radio programs How accurate was info presented in the radio programs? Base: 392 Not accurate 2%

Very accurate 49% Quite accurate 49%

Table 21: Reasons given for accuracy of information Reasons

Reasons given for Accuracy of information No. of respondents

Issues addressed are very practical/applicable Issues addressed were directly affecting me Issues were well-researched

339 327 226

Other

33

Table 22: Reasons given for accuracy of information Reason

Reasons why information was deemed inaccurate No. of respondents

Issues discussed were not consistent Missed the point in addressing the real issues Issues were mixed up Not well-researched Other

9 6 6 3 2

The reasons pointed out for inaccuracy of information in table 22 were not of much statistical significance, but can be considered in making sure that whatever information is presented, efforts to avoid such situations should reinforced.

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5.4.8 Preferred mode of presentation As table 23 illustrates, majority (27.5%) prefer a combination of Pre-recorded field programs; Instudio discussion with invited guests and Phone – in. Table 23: Preferred mode of presentation Preferred mode of presentation

Combination of the all Pre-recorded field programs Combination of pre-recorded field programs & in-studio discussion Combination of pre-recorded & phone –in In-studio discussion with invited guests Combination of in-studio discussion & phone-in Phone – in Total

Frequency 114 87 71 54 46 34 8 414

Percent 27.5 21.0 17.1 13.0 11.1 8.2 1.9 100

5.4.9 Preferred attributes of resource people on the radio programs About 47% of the respondents were satisfied with resource people’s work. Chart 23: How satisfied with resource people How satisfie d are you with re source pe ople in the programs? Bas e:405

50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Series1

Very satisfied

Quite satisfied

Neutral

Not satisfied

46.7

42.2

9.1

2.0

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Chart 24 clearly demonstrates that preferred attributes entail the following: Successful people in small businesses; Finance professionals who are very experienced and people with high level micro finance expertise. Chart 24: Preferred attributes of resource people Preffered attributes of resource people

No.of respondents

250 200

228

227

182

169

175

150 101

100

96

95 61

50

15

0 Other

Managers of SACCOs and other financial institutions

Loan Officers

District Commercial Officers

Financial Extension Workers (FEWs)

NGOs dealing in money matters

Officials from the Ministry of Finance

People with success stories

Experienced finance professionals

Financial Experts from MFIs

5.4.10

Suggestions on how the “Savings Culture” radio programs can be improved

Table 24: Suggestions for improving radio programs

Suggestions for improving radio programs Suggestions No. of responses More sensitization to increase awareness Host more experienced experts Use of Local language should of prime importance More time should be allocated for program Make programs more interactive Use simpler language Questions should be adequately tackled Discuss more relevant issues Other

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

330 212 198 192 187 174 162 147 43

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5.5 Application of ideas from Radio Programs promoting “Savings Culture” The main objective of the program was to disseminate information to people who earn an income, operate a small business or involved in farming as a business. It was envisaged that knowledge acquired would be applied to help in enhancing people’s saving habits. Below are various areas concerning effectiveness and application.

5.5.1 Effectiveness of the radio programs on “Savings Culture” Chart 25: Effectiveness of the radio programs on “Savings Culture” How effective have programs been to your personal life or business? Bas e : 427 50.0 45.0

44.5 39.3

40.0

Percent

35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0

12.6

15.0 10.0

3.5

5.0 0.0 Very effective

Reasonably effective

About average

Not effective

Below are some quotes on radio program effectiveness as a testimony: “I have gained knowledge that has prepared me for saving; I have set aside a portion of my income on which I can fall back on in case of a problem. I have put more money in my chicken business which doing fairly well. I also managed to buy a bicycle sometime back.” (Male 25-35 farmer in Alerei village, Gweri sub-county, Soroti) “I have seen improvement in family welfare. I bought bulls for ploughing and spare parts for my bicycle repair business” (Male 51+, small business operator Obule village, Asuret sub-county, Soroti) “Business stability has been achieved because of ideas aired on radio” (Male 25-30 saloon operator Soroti Town) On the other extreme “Well I have listened to the programs but they have not been of any importance to me…nothing much has changed” (Female 36-40, farmer Amusia village, Gweri Soroti)

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5.5.2 Level of Listeners savings before commencement of radio program and after Chart 26: Level of saving before and after listening to “Savings Culture” program Compared with period before you heard the program and currently, you would say .... Base: 390 70.0

64.6

60.0

Percent

50.0 40.0 30.0 17.2

20.0 10.0

14.6

3.6

0.0 Saving more

Saving less

Saving more or less the same

Have not started saving

5.5.3 How ideas or knowledge from radio programs was applied to enhance savings habits Chart 26 above demonstrates that people are saving more after listening to the programs (65%) while 17% maintained their habits regardless of the radio programs. About 15% have not yet started saving. Table 25 shows actions taken to enhance saving habits. Top ones include: saving more than before; developed more strict savings regime; knowing how to go about it and sharing ideas with other people; and encouraging others to save. Table 25: Actions taken to enhance saving habits Actions taken to enhance saving habits

Saving more than before Developed more strict savings regime Now know how to go about it Have encouraged others to save Shared ideas with colleagues to start saving schemes Opened an account with a financial institution Planning to start saving regularly Have approached financial institution No action yet Other

No. of responses 239 218 180 146 92 69 68 53 47 8

Below are some testimonies: “The information I obtained from the radio has motivated me to join a savings group with colleagues in my village. I used to save some little money and kept it at home, but now I try to save regularly in the group.” (Male 41-45, farmer in Gweri County, Soroti) “I opened an account, I now feel more secure in case of a problem. I feel good that my money is in safe custody.” (Female 18-24, income earner in Eneku village in Soroti) ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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5.5.4 Beneficial aspects from the radio programs The most beneficial aspects of the radio programs were: Income generating activities; why people should save; community saving habits; ways of saving; where people should save; and saving as a solution to poverty alleviation.

Table 26: Beneficial aspects from the radio programs What aspects of radio programs promoting savings culture were beneficial to you? Aspects Income generating activities Why people should save Community saving habits Ways of saving Where people should save Saving as a solution to poverty alleviation How people should spend their money Saving vs. borrowing Dangers of not borrowing What saving is all about “Why people don’t save Safety and security of money Why people should save in financial institutions Why people can’t save in financial institutions Types of financial institutions

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

No. of responses 285 258 186 117 116 108 97 91 91 88 83 69 68 55 53

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5.5.5 Assessment of different aspects of the radio programs A number of issues were raised on savings promotion radio programs listeners had heard. Statements relating to the programs were lined up for agreement or disagreement. The figure below gives a summary. Chart 27: Agreement on statements on savings promotion programs

Agreement on Statements on Savings Programs

10.6

28.4

60.5

A dvise given is easily applicable

16.0

34.7

49.3

P ractice and value o f savings as put o n radio was widely understo od

12.5 2.1

85.4

Co ntent was info rmative and educative

21.2

71.6

Questio ns and issues provided so lutio ns to challenges o f yo ur perso nal/business savings needs

19.4

73.4

Questio ns and issues raised by callers were well handled and relevant

0%

20%

40%

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

7.2 6.5 8.1 2.2

89.2

The pro gram co ntent was sensitive and useful to yo ur perso nal o r business needs

6.1

30.9

63.1

Yo u wo uld co nsider applying mo st o f the kno wledge o btained

10.1

28.0

62

B enefits fro m advice in prgrams is beliveable and realistic

12.9

37.0

50.1

P ro grams po sitively pro mo ted and addressed financial security o f rural M SEs, farmers and public

60%

80%

100%

Chart 27 demonstrates that there is a high level of agreement to the following statements “The program(s) content was sensitive and useful to your personal or business needs” (89%); “Content was informative and educative” (85%); “Questions and issues raised by callers were well handled and relevant” (74%); and “Questions and issues (discussed) provided solutions to challenges of your personal/business savings needs” (72%) while on the other hand statements such as “Practice and value of savings as put on radio was widely understood” (49%). Overall, all statements were agreed to positively to.

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5.5.6 Likelihood of improving savings habits as a result of listening to the radio programs Chart 28: Likelihood of improving saving habits after radio programs Likelihood of im provem ent of saving habits after lessons from radio program s Base: 425 50.0 45.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0

47.1 34.6

9.6

7.8 0.9

Very certain

High chance

Low chance

No chance

Not sure

Below are some quotes to confirm likelihood to improve savings habits “The information on savings culture has inspired me a lot, I am planning to start just after my boy completes school.” (Female 36-40, income earner in Gweri, Soroti) “I am planning to start saving soon. I am going to tell others to start saving too” (Female 18-24, income earner in Gweri, Soroti)

5.6 General Issues 5.6.1 Use of radio as a tool or medium for promoting/developing savings culture and micro finance industry activities Chart 29: Recommending use of radio Would you recommend use of radio in development of microfinance & promotion of savings culture? Base:426 80.0

73.6

70.0

Percent

60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0

19.6

20.0 10.0

4.9

1.9

0.0 Strongly recommend

Somew hat recommend

Might or might not

Will not recommend

5.6.2 Reasons for using radio Chart 30: Reasons for using of radio Reasons for using radio

Information is easily passed on w ith radio 16%

Other 1%

Wide coverage/mass media advantage 25%

Allow ance for easy interaction 10%

Radio is easily accessible 16%

Radios are affordable 15% More convenient ro use radio, cheaper to send or receive information 17%

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5.6.3 Reasons for not recommending the use of radio for promoting savings culture • • • • • •

Preference for training seminars/workshops Door to door sensitization using Financial Extension Workers Not all people have radios Batteries are expensive “I am too mobile to move around with my radio” “I have no time to listen to radio”

Some statements made by some respondents on using other approaches apart from radio: “I think it is better to organize seminars at village levels, in this way we feel it is part of us and would be more ready to take action..” (Male 31-35, small business operator, Burabira, Kabale) “Door to door sensitization in communities in my view would impart knowledge more effectively than radio. For example many women are so busy to listen to radio” (Female 41-45, small business operator –tailor in Asuret Soroti)

5.6.4 General comments radio programs promoting savings culture Quotes on how savings are made “We would rather save our money in village groups because we are fed up with these new micro finance institutions. You cannot trust them.” (Male 25 -30,farmer, Bwizibwera Mbarara) “Some of these MFIs have been a major disappointment. A good number of people have invested/saved in wrong places or financial institutions only ending up loosing all their money. These institutions exploit ignorance of the people and cheat them. People need to know which are genuine and those that are not.” (Female 41-45, small business operator, Rwebikona Mbarara) “I bought land at 800,000/= from my savings” (Male 41-45, income earner, Bwizibwera Mbarara Quotes on effectiveness of programs “I have gained knowledge that has prepared me for saving, I have set aside a portion of my income on which I can fall back on in case of a problem. I have put more money in my chicken business which doing fairly well. I also managed to buy a bicycle sometime back.” (Male 25-35 farmer in Alerei village, Gweri sub-county, Soroti) “I have seen improvement in family welfare. I bought bulls for ploughing and spare parts for my bicycle repair business” (Male 51+, small business operator Obule village, Asuret sub-county, Soroti) “Business stability has been achieved because of ideas aired on radio” (Male 25-30 saloon operator Soroti Town)

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The other extreme “Well I have listened to the programs but they have not been of any importance to me…nothing much has changed” (Female 36-40, farmer Amusia village, Gweri Soroti) Quotes on improved savings habits “The information I obtained from the radio has motivated me to join a savings group with colleagues in my village. I used to save some little money and kept it at home, but now I try to save regularly in the group.” (Male 41-45, farmer in Gweri County, Soroti) “I opened an account, I now feel more secure in case of a problem. I feel good that my money is in safe custody.” (Female 18-24, income earner in Eneku village in Soroti) “I am saving more than I used to…”Female 18-24 salary earner, Nebbi) “Am beginning to save more after the program” (Female 31-35 salary earner, Nebbi) “I have approached Centenary Bank and opened an account after listening to the program” (Female 41-45 farmer, Patek Nebbi) “It has helped me to save other than spend carelessly” (Male 25-30, salary earner, Arua) Quotes on Reasons given for using other means and not radio “I think it is better to organize seminars at village levels, in this way we feel it is part of us and would be more ready to take action..” (Male 31-35, small business operator, Burabira, Kabale) “Door to door sensitization in communities in my view would impart knowledge more effectively than radio. For example many women are so busy to listen to radio” (Female 41-45, small business operator –tailor in Asuret Soroti) “Little impact is realized through radio, door to door sensitization by field workers would have more impact” (Male 36-40 salary earner, Peera Nebbi) Quotes on likelihood to improve savings habits “The information on savings culture has inspired me a lot, I am planning to start just after my boy completes school.” (Female 36-40, income earner in Gweri, Soroti) “I am planning to start saving soon. I am going to tell others to start saving too” (Female 18-24, income earner in Gweri, Soroti) “The radio program has prompted me to plan for personal savings” (Male 25-30, salary earner – teacher, Nyaravur) Quotes on general impact (*Before/After) •

“I now enjoy seeing myself keeping (saving) money that is making my saving life easy and I can plan for bigger things.” (Male 25-30, income earner, Arua Municipality)

•

“I have saved quite a Lumpsum of money as compared to when I had not heard any information …in the program” (Male over 51 years, income earner, Arua Municipality)

•

“I have done a lot of things with the money I used to spend unnecessarily and reduced on my drinking habits” (Male 31-35 small business operator, Maracha Arua) …this is controlled expenditure

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•

“It has been beneficial to me by the fact that it enabled me to save more money for future use” (Male 36-40, income earner, Arua Municipality)

•

“It has become easier for me to save because now I understand how important it is to save” (Male 18-24, salary earner, Arua Municipality)

•

“It has made me realize the importance of savings and that is why I am now saving regularly” (Female 31-35 salary earner, Arua Municipality)

•

“Because of improving savings habits as learnt from radio, my standard of living is changing for the better and I am more financially stable to meet household needs like school fees for my children….” (Male 41-45 Farmer, Arua Municipality)

•

“It encouraged me to go to and bank my money…..”(Male 41-45, salary earner, Maracha Arua)

•

“I am now saving more money than I used to do” (Female 36-40 small business operator, Maracha)

•

“I am now planning to open an account with a big bank and start saving regularly” (Male over 51 years farmer, Maracha)

•

“Saving has helped me pay back a loan I got from the bank” (Female 31-35 salary earner, Arua Municipality)

•

“It has provided me with the best source of accurate information when stuck to continuously I will make greater progress” (Male over 51 years farmer, Maracha)

•

“I am now fully aware of the dangers of not saving” (Female 31-35 small business operator, Nebbi)

•

“I have plans to start saving with bigger financial institutions because of guaranteed security” (Female 18-24 small business operator, Nebbi)

•

“Better savings habits have enabled me to start a saloon business as well as a phone services” (Male 25-30 small business operator, Pakwach)

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

47

•

“I have bought land for construction of my house” (Female 36-40, small business operator, Tororo)

•

“I managed to buy a fridge from my savings” (Female 31-35 small business operator – soft drinks seller, Mukuju Tororo)

Quotes for Improvement Suggestions •

“The frequency of the radio program should be increased so that more impact is created” (Male 18-24 small business operator, Arua Municipality)

•

“Radio programs promoting savings culture should continue because it will help those who are not fully aware” (Female 25-30 small business operator, Agwok – Nebbi)

•

“More issues about how to secure a loan should be discussed in the program” (Male 3135 farmer, Solia Nebbi)

•

Improved livelihood/businesses

•

“I have managed to build a residential house for myself” (Female 31-35, small business operator, Lutengo Tororo)

•

“My children are receiving a better education because I am able to pay school fees from savings I make” (Female 31-35 farmer, Pogoya Tororo)

•

“My business is now bigger than it was before……” (Female 18-24 small business operator, Muhanga Kabale)

•

“I have realized growth in my business…. Acquired more assets i.e. motorbikes…as a result of better saving habits” (Male 36-40 business operator, Kabale)

•

“Savings I made helped me when my properties were destroyed….” (Female 41-45 farmer, Bwizibwera Mbarara)

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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6 Concluding statements and recommendations 9) Efforts should directed towards strengthening of coverage of some topics like: Why people don’t save in financial institutions; Safety & security of money ; Types of financial institutions and Why people should save in financial institutions 10) Listeners would like to hear more from the following topics: Income generating activities; Community saving habits; Why people should save (Benefits); Saving as a solution to poverty alleviation; Ways of saving; and Saving vs. Borrowing 11) There is need to continually use radio to encourage people to save in financial institutions that are well established and genuine. 12) There is need to encourage people to save for reasons of either starting a business or expanding one as opposed to saving for only emergencies. Investing money that has been saved would ensure some form of sustainability as constant returns will be expected with time. 13) In order to encourage sustained savings, the radio programs should endeavor address issues of budgeting in order to control expenditures. 14) There is also need to increase awareness of radio programs promoting savings culture. This can be done through door to door sensitization or workshops at village level. 15) It is also important to invite successful people especially business people to the radio programs. This would act as a source of inspiration. This can be successful if persons invited can be identified with the people. 16) There is need to provide more air time for radio programs promoting savings culture. This can be done either by adding more program time or have the programs run at least twice a week.

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

49

Appendices I.

Detailed statistical data from the assessment (Disaggregated)

Arua District/Radio Pacis Age

Valid

Missing

18-24

Frequency 31

Percent 28.2

Valid Percent 28.4

Cumulative Percent 28.4

25-30

35

31.8

32.1

60.6

31-35

14

12.7

12.8

73.4

36-40

12

10.9

11.0

84.4

41-45

9

8.2

8.3

92.7

46-50

3

2.7

2.8

95.4 100.0

Over 51 years Total

5

4.5

4.6

109

99.1

100.0

System

1

.9

110

100.0

Total Gender

Frequency Valid

Male

Percent

57

Female Total

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

51.8

51.8

51.8 100.0

53

48.2

48.2

110

100.0

100.0

Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

19

17.3

17.3

17.3

56

50.9

50.9

68.2

35

31.8

31.8

100.0

110

100.0

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Manyangua" promoting "Savings Culture"?

Valid

Yes No Total

Frequency 42

Percent 38.2

Valid Percent 38.2

Cumulative Percent 38.2 100.0

68

61.8

61.8

110

100.0

100.0

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

50

Frequency Valid

Missing

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

Yes

40

36.4

95.2

95.2

No

2

1.8

4.8

100.0

Total

42

38.2

100.0

System

68

61.8

110

100.0

Total

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

Valid

Frequency 70

Percent 63.6

Valid Percent 63.6

Cumulative Percent 63.6

40

36.4

36.4

100.0

110

100.0

100.0

Radio Pacis Total

Gulu District/Mega FM Gender

Frequency Valid

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

Male

44

41.9

41.9

41.9

Female

61

58.1

58.1

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Total Age

Valid

18-24

Frequency 31

Percent 29.5

Valid Percent 29.5

Cumulative Percent 29.5

25-30

27

25.7

25.7

55.2

31-35

18

17.1

17.1

72.4

36-40

8

7.6

7.6

80.0

41-45

9

8.6

8.6

88.6

46-50

7

6.7

6.7

95.2

5

4.8

4.8

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Over 51 years Total Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

4

3.8

3.8

3.8

50

47.6

47.6

51.4

51

48.6

48.6

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Yiko Oywelo (Biacara)" promoting "Savings Culture"? ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

51

Frequency Valid

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

Yes

42

40.0

40.0

40.0

No

63

60.0

60.0

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Total

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Frequency Valid

Missing

70.7

Cumulative Percent 70.7

11.4

29.3

100.0

39.0

100.0

Percent

Valid Percent

Yes

29

27.6

No

12

Total

41

System

Total

64

61.0

105

100.0

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

75

71.4

71.4

Cumulative Percent 71.4

4

3.8

3.8

75.2

26

24.8

24.8

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid King FM Mega FM Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Kabale District/Radio West Gender

Frequency Valid

Male Female Total

Percent

50

47.2

Cumulative Percent 47.2 100.0

Valid Percent

47.2

56

52.8

52.8

106

100.0

100.0

Age

Valid

18-24

Frequency 27

Percent 25.5

Valid Percent 25.5

Cumulative Percent 25.5

25-30

26

24.5

24.5

50.0

31-35

10

9.4

9.4

59.4

36-40

11

10.4

10.4

69.8

41-45

13

12.3

12.3

82.1

46-50

6

5.7

5.7

87.7

13

12.3

12.3

100.0

106

100.0

100.0

Over 51 years Total

Main Category ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

52

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

29

27.4

27.4

27.4

24

22.6

22.6

50.0

53

50.0

50.0

100.0

106

100.0

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Bikiira Nyentsya" promoting "Savings Culture"?

Frequency Valid

Yes

Percent

78

No Total

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

73.6

73.6

73.6 100.0

28

26.4

26.4

106

100.0

100.0

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Valid

Missing

Valid Percent 83.3

Cumulative Percent 83.3

12.3

16.7

100.0

73.6

100.0

Frequency 65

Percent 61.3

No

13

Total

78

Yes

System

Total

28

26.4

106

100.0

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

Frequency Valid Radio West Voice of Kigezi Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

45

42.5

42.5

42.5

22

20.8

20.8

63.2

39

36.8

36.8

100.0

106

100.0

100.0

Kampala District/Central/CBS FM Gender

Male

71

47.3

47.3

Cumulative Percent 47.3

Female

79

52.7

52.7

100.0

150

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid

Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Age ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

53

Frequency Valid

Missing

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

18-24

26

17.3

17.4

17.4

25-30

45

30.0

30.2

47.7

31-35

19

12.7

12.8

60.4

36-40

18

12.0

12.1

72.5

41-45

14

9.3

9.4

81.9

46-50

16

10.7

10.7

92.6 100.0

Over 51 years Total

11

7.3

7.4

149

99.3

100.0

System

1

.7

150

100.0

Total

Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Missing

System

Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

25

16.7

16.8

16.8

47

31.3

31.5

48.3

77

51.3

51.7

100.0

149

99.3

100.0

1

.7

150

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Eyeterekera: promoting "Savings Culture"?

Frequency Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

55

36.7

36.7

36.7

No

95

63.3

63.3

100.0

150

100.0

100.0

Total

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Valid

Missing Total

Frequency 39

Percent 26.0

Valid Percent 72.2

Cumulative Percent 72.2

No

15

10.0

27.8

100.0

Total

54

36.0

100.0

System

96

64.0

150

100.0

Yes

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

54

On which radio station have you listened the program on?

112

74.7

74.7

Cumulative Percent 74.7 97.3

Frequency Valid CBS

Percent

Valid Percent

34

22.7

22.7

Simba

2

1.3

1.3

98.7

Super

2

1.3

1.3

100.0

150

100.0

100.0

Percent

Valid Percent

Total

Mbarara District/Radio West Gender

Male

58

46.4

46.4

Cumulative Percent 46.4

Female

67

53.6

53.6

100.0

125

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid

Total

Age

Valid

18-24

Frequency 20

Percent 16.0

Valid Percent 16.1

Cumulative Percent 16.1

25-30

40

32.0

32.3

48.4

31-35

21

16.8

16.9

65.3

36-40

17

13.6

13.7

79.0

41-45

9

7.2

7.3

86.3

46-50

11

8.8

8.9

95.2

6

4.8

4.8

100.0

124

99.2

100.0

Over 51 years Total Missing

System

Total

1

.8

125

100.0

Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Missing Total

System

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

20

16.0

16.1

16.1

39

31.2

31.5

47.6

65

52.0

52.4

100.0

124

99.2

100.0

1

.8

125

100.0

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

55

Have you heard of a radio program "Bikiira Nyentsya" promoting "Savings Culture"?

Frequency Valid

Yes No Total

Percent

92

73.6

Cumulative Percent 73.6 100.0

Valid Percent

73.6

33

26.4

26.4

125

100.0

100.0

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Valid

Missing

Valid Percent 81.7

Cumulative Percent 81.7

13.6

18.3

100.0

74.4

100.0

Frequency 76

Percent 60.8

No

17

Total

93

System

32

25.6

125

100.0

Yes

Total

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

Valid

Frequency 50

Percent 40.0

Valid Percent 40.0

Cumulative Percent 40.0

1

.8

.8

40.8

71

56.8

56.8

97.6 100.0

Kinkizi Radio West Vision Total

3

2.4

2.4

125

100.0

100.0

Nebbi District/Radio Paidha Gender

Valid

Male Female Total

Frequency 44

Percent 44.0

Valid Percent 44.0

Cumulative Percent 44.0 100.0

56

56.0

56.0

100

100.0

100.0

Age

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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Frequency Valid

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

18-24

20

20.0

20.2

20.2

25-30

28

28.0

28.3

48.5

31-35

21

21.0

21.2

69.7

36-40

17

17.0

17.2

86.9

41-45

7

7.0

7.1

93.9

46-50

5

5.0

5.1

99.0

1

1.0

1.0

100.0

99

99.0

100.0

Over 51 years Total Missing

Percent

System

Total

1

1.0

100

100.0

Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Missing

System

Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

25

25.0

26.0

26.0

27

27.0

28.1

54.2

44

44.0

45.8

100.0

96

96.0

100.0

4

4.0

100

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Deru Para" promoting "Savings Culture"?

Yes

70

70.0

70.0

Cumulative Percent 70.0

No

30

30.0

30.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid

Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Valid

Yes No

Missing Total

Frequency 68

Percent 68.0

Valid Percent 97.1

Cumulative Percent 97.1 100.0

2

2.0

2.9

Total

70

70.0

100.0

System

30

30.0

100

100.0

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

57

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

33

33.0

33.0

Cumulative Percent 33.0

67

67.0

67.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid Radio Paidha Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Soroti District / Voice of Teso Gender

Valid

Male

Frequency 43

Percent 43.0

Valid Percent 43.0

Cumulative Percent 43.0

57

57.0

57.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Female Total

Age

Frequency Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

18-24

15

15.0

15.0

15.0

25-30

31

31.0

31.0

46.0

31-35

16

16.0

16.0

62.0

36-40

17

17.0

17.0

79.0

41-45

11

11.0

11.0

90.0

46-50

4

4.0

4.0

94.0

6

6.0

6.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Over 51 years Total Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

26

26.0

26.0

26.0

25

25.0

25.0

51.0

49

49.0

49.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Akandala" promoting "Savings Culture"?

Yes

77

77.0

77.0

Cumulative Percent 77.0

No

23

23.0

23.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid

Total

Percent

Valid Percent

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Frequency Valid

Yes

71

No Missing

Percent

92.2

Cumulative Percent 92.2 100.0

Valid Percent

71.0

6

6.0

7.8

Total

77

77.0

100.0

System

23

23.0

100

100.0

Total

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

30

30.0

30.0

Cumulative Percent 30.0

1

1.0

1.0

31.0

69

69.0

69.0

100.0

100

100.0

100.0

Frequency Valid Veritas Voice of Teso Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Tororo District/Rock Mambo Gender

Valid

Male

Frequency 46

Female Total

Percent 43.8

Valid Percent 43.8

Cumulative Percent 43.8 100.0

59

56.2

56.2

105

100.0

100.0

Age

Frequency Valid

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

18-24

23

21.9

21.9

21.9

25-30

34

32.4

32.4

54.3

31-35

17

16.2

16.2

70.5

36-40

13

12.4

12.4

82.9

41-45

12

11.4

11.4

94.3

46-50

3

2.9

2.9

97.1

3

2.9

2.9

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Over 51 years Total

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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Main Category

Frequency Valid

Farmer in agro business Income earner (with disposable income) Small business owner/operator Total

Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid Percent

22

21.0

21.0

21.0

27

25.7

25.7

46.7

56

53.3

53.3

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

Have you heard of a radio program "Kano Lim/Akiba Aihozi" promoting "Savings Culture"?

Valid

Frequency 56

Yes No Total

Percent 53.3

Valid Percent 53.3

Cumulative Percent 53.3 100.0

49

46.7

46.7

105

100.0

100.0

Have you listened to one such program on radio?

Frequency Valid

Yes No Total

Missing

System

Total

Percent

54

Valid Percent

51.4

96.4

96.4 100.0

2

1.9

3.6

56

53.3

100.0

49

46.7

105

100.0

Cumulative Percent

On which radio station have you listened to the program on?

Frequency Valid Rock Mambo Total

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

52

49.5

49.5

49.5

53

50.5

50.5

100.0

105

100.0

100.0

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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II.

Survey locations

Arua District

Gulu District

Nebbi District

Tororo District

Kampala District/Central

Soroti District

Kabale District

Mbarara District

Maracha Arua Municipality Okokoro Oyokole Abinyu Okokoro

Kajjansi Mpererwe Namulanda Kasangati Bweyogerere Kireka Mawonve – Mpigi Mayembe – Mpigi Kalagala – Mpigi Makuku– Mpigi Matuga Buloba Nsangi Mukono Town Wakiso Town- Wakiso Kyengera - Wakiso Lugoba – Wakiso Nabwere - Wakiso

Gulu Municipality Lacor Layibi Laliya Iteka lawinya Laroo

Asuret Moru Apesur Amusia – Gweri Obule – Asuret Mukuda – Asuret Madeda – Soroti Otucopi – Soroti Olelebun – Asuret Aminit Mukura – Asuret Eneku – Madera Abelet – Moru Apesur Acet – Isoen Pamba Odolen Cell Gweri Trading Ctr Akura – Gweri Angopet – Gweri Omugenya- Gweri Alere – Gweri Akuya – Amusia Olelai – Gweri Soroti Municipality

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

Ariek Jupanyondo Peera Jupanjawu Kalwang Akesi Paidha Nyachara Solia Jukia Paroketo – Pakwach Agwok Owinyo Piyelo Upana – Nebbi Alengokuma Laji Oturgang Kango Anyiribu Jalagi Nyaravur Pakwach TC Pajobi – Pakwach Puyo – Pakwach

Kabale Town Muhanga Bukinda Nyakarambi Kyobugombe Kaharo Wakyeba – Kyerero Rwempango Nyamuhanga Kimbugu Byabuhimbira Katuna Nyangambe – Mwanjari Kabarisa – Buranga Kabarisa Kichumbi – Ndorwa Rwamacumu Nyakiharo Mwanzara

Pambogo Malaba Tororo Municipality Muvua Bendo Magoro Abongoti Pilado Awaya Kasaya West Dida Koy Wiyola Lutago Kisoko Akaneti Kamadere Maundo Akandi Guluva Pogoya Mukaganga Mukuja

Kaberebere Bwizibwera Mbarara Municipality Rwarire Ruti Isika – Kahanda Ryentango – Masha Kyabutoto – Birere Kakoba Nyakayozo Nyamutanga

61

III.

Research Teams

1 2 3 4 5 6

District Gulu Arua Nebbi Tororo Soroti Mbarara

Number 3 4 3 3 3 4

7

Kabale

3

8

Kampala

5

Team Lydia Lalalaara , Jimmy Delyon , Abonyo Bathsheba Joshua Asiimwe, Richard Osoa , Isaac Obong , Silvers Drani Robert Ocencan , Cindy Edwogu , Charles Olwortho Innocent Nyasuna , Carol Khainza , Waisswa Wilson Raphael Obukan , Moses Okipi , Victor Odeke Gilbert Twinomugisha , Penny Akankunda , Cissy Karungi , Kenneth Mwesigwa Gilbert Twinomugisha , Penny Akankunda , Cissy Karungi , Kenneth Mwesigwa Ben Massiga , Esther Nanteza, Freda Namagembe , Rogers Musungu , Julie Apolot

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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IV.

Sample of Police Introductory letter

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63

V.

Guideline Document for Team Leaders Team leaders’ responsibilities will include: i. Ensuring that survey locations are covered as stipulated. ii. Will distribute questionnaires to research assistants at beginning of work day and will collect the same at end of day. The supervisor will carry spare questionnaires in case of spoilt questionnaires that will require replacements. iii. Will check the questionnaires for ensure quality control plus back-checking. iv. Will ensure that research assistants fulfill their daily quotas and ensure the right respondent categorization and gender balances have been achieved. v. Will arrange in-field transport and see to it that research are dropped off in appropriate survey locations and are picked up. vi. The supervisors will handle some field operation finances to ensure that work moves smoothly, but will also carry out interviews as much as they are guiding the teams. vii. Cover for any short falls in data collection quotas amongst research assistants. viii. Handle queries raised by research assistants and provide appropriate solutions. ix. Ensure team discipline and good conduct in the communities they are operating in. x. Will ensure to report to main police stations with letter from FIT SEMA indicating that there is a team of researchers in the area. This will done to ensure that there is protection and police is aware of their presence in the area. This will minimize misgivings community people may have. xi. Handover the completed questionnaires to the consultant along with a short report on the fieldwork experience. xii. Ensure that you get receipts for in – field transport for accountability. xiii. Effectively use airtime to coordinate field activities

ILO FIT-SEMA, Rural SPEED Radio Programs Impact Assessment Report

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