AHSANULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE ENGINEERING Course No : Tex 500 Course Title : Industrial Training Session : Fall 2015 Industrial Training Report On
Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
Submitted by Name S.A. SHADMAN HOSSAIN AL FUAD SHAKIL MAHMUD
ID No. 12.01.06.125 12.01.06.133 12.01.06.143
Supervised by Mr. A.N.M Masudur Rahman Assistant Professor Department of Textile Engineering
October, 2016
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to express our sincerest gratitude to the almighty Allah for enabling us to complete the industrial training successfully. We offer heartiest thanks to our honorable supervisor Mr. A.N.M Masudur Rahman, Assistant Professor, Department of Textile Engineering of Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology for his proper guidance, supervision, encouragement and valuable suggestions during the period of our industrial training. We would like to give our special thanks to Prof. Dr. Ahmed Jalal Uddin, Head of the Department of Textile Engineering, for his support and official permission for internship at Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. Our deepest appreciation goes to Mr. Alamgir Kabir, Assistant Manager, Knitting Department of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. for his enormous support and guidance. We would also like to thank to the authority of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. for giving us the opportunity to complete our industrial training. Thanks to all the technicians, employees, stuffs of knitting department for helping us to get proper information during training.
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Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction:..................................................................................................................................2 1.2 Objectives:.......................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2: GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MILL 2.1 About The Company:.......................................................................................................................4 2.2 General Information About The Factory:.........................................................................................5 2.3 Address:...........................................................................................................................................6 2.3.1 Factory Location on Google Map:.................................................................................................7 2.4 Facilities:..........................................................................................................................................8 2.5 Sister Concern of Asrotex Group:.....................................................................................................8 2.6 Asrotex Knit Divisions Business Turnover (USD):..............................................................................8 2.7 Mission:...........................................................................................................................................9 2.8 Vision:..............................................................................................................................................9 2.9 Future plan:.....................................................................................................................................9 2.10 Knitting Organogram:...................................................................................................................11 2.11 Layout Plan:.................................................................................................................................12 2.11.1 Layout Plan of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.(Knitting floor):....................................................................12
CHAPTER 3: RAW MATERIAL 3.1 Type of raw material:.....................................................................................................................15 3.2 Yarn Sources:.................................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE AND MACHINE PARTS 4.1 Knitting Machine of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd:.........................................................................................21 4.1.1 Circular knitting machine:...........................................................................................................21 4.1.2 Flat bed knitting machine:..........................................................................................................22 4.2 Knitting Machine Pictures:.............................................................................................................23 4.3 Different parts of circular knitting machine:..................................................................................28 4.4 Different Parts of Flatbed Knitting Machine:..................................................................................34
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4.5 Specification of Needle, Sinker and Needle oil:.............................................................................36
CHAPTER 5: PRODUCT MIX AND THEIR SEQUENCE OF OPERATION 5.1 Production parameters:.................................................................................................................38 5.2 Products of Knitting Floor:.............................................................................................................38 5.3 Yarn count selection:.....................................................................................................................39 5.4 Knitting process flow chart:...........................................................................................................40 5.6 Fabric specification:.......................................................................................................................41 5.7 Methods of Increasing Production:................................................................................................41 5.8 Sequence of Operation:.................................................................................................................42
CHAPTER 6: PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION 6.1 Formula for production calculation and efficiency calculation:.....................................................47 6.1.1 Calculation for Single Jersey Fabric:............................................................................................48 6.1.2 Calculation for Lycra Single Jersey Fabric:...................................................................................49 6.1.3 Calculation for rib machine (1×1 rib fabric):...............................................................................50 6.1.4 Calculation for rib machine (2×1 rib fabric):...............................................................................51 6.1.4 Calculation for Interlock:.............................................................................................................52 6.1.4 Production for Fleece (3 Thread):...............................................................................................53 6.1.5 Calculation Efficiency of machine:..............................................................................................54
CHAPTER 7: QUALITY ASSURANCE 7.1 Object of quality control:...............................................................................................................57 7.2 Online Quality Control:..................................................................................................................57 7.3 Off Line Quality Control:................................................................................................................57 7.4 Fabric Inspection system:...............................................................................................................58 7.5 Total defect points per 100 square meter are then calculated:.....................................................59 7.6 Grading system:.............................................................................................................................59 7.7 List of equipments for quality control:...........................................................................................60 7.8 Physical Lab Equipment’s:..............................................................................................................62 7.6 Fabric defects:................................................................................................................................64
CHAPTER 8: MAINTENANCE 8.1 Types of maintenance:...................................................................................................................70
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8.1.1 Preventive maintenance:............................................................................................................70 8.1.2 Routine maintenance:.................................................................................................................70 8.2 Routine maintenance task followed in the factory:.......................................................................71 8.3 Servicing Procedures of Circular Knitting Machine:.......................................................................72 8.4 Maintenance tools and equipment:...............................................................................................73
CHAPTER 9:UTILITY 9.1 Utility:............................................................................................................................................77 9.2 Source of utility:.............................................................................................................................77 9.3 Machine for utility services:...........................................................................................................77 9.4 Air compressor:..............................................................................................................................77 9.5 Power generator:...........................................................................................................................79
CHAPTER 10: MARKETING INFORMATION 9.6 Utility costs:...................................................................................................................................80 10.1 Knitting Charge for Various Structure:.........................................................................................82 10.2 Buyer Information:.......................................................................................................................83
CHAPTER 11: CONCLUDING PART 11.1 Limitation of our training and report:..........................................................................................85 11.2 Suggestions:.................................................................................................................................85 11.3 Conclusion:..................................................................................................................................85
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
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1.1 Introduction: It is very important for an engineer to have practical knowledge along with theories. Industrial training is the only way to acquire practical ideas and experiences for a textile student. Practical knowledge is enriched through the industrial training. Industrial training is one of the most important parts of engineering and technical education. The industrial training is the process, which builds understanding, skills and attitude of the performer, which improves our knowledge in boosting productivity and services. University education provides us vast theoretical knowledge, in spite of all these theoretical knowledge, industrial
training helps us to be familiar with technical support of modern
machinery, skills about various processing stages in the real field. Industrial training is essential part of four years B.Sc. program in Textile Engineering to make an engineer technically sound in this field. In Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. (Asrotex Group) we have completed 08 (eight) weeks long industrial training. Such training minimized the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge.
1.2 Objectives: 1. To experience and understand real life situations in industrial organizations and their 2. 3. 4. 5.
related environments. To acquire practical knowledge about the production process of knitting. To gain experience for finding the optimal solution in critical situation. To develop and enhance professional awareness & communication skills. To be familiar with the practical working procedure in production.
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CHAPETR 2: GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE MILL
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2.1 About The Company: Fariha Knit Tex Ltd (FKTL) is the largest Composite Knit Apparel and Textile manufacturing business unit of Asrotex Group. It started its journey in 1997. FKTL is comprised of Knitting, Dyeing, Cutting, Sewing, Finishing, Printing and accessories sections. It has the state of art vertically integrated garments manufacturing facility which ensures one stop service to the buyers. The products of FKTL range from mens wear, ladies wear and kids wear. These are manufactured using technologically efficient machinery imported from USA, Europe and Asian countries. Its mission is to produce the latest design; quality knit fabrics and apparels for international markets. It is one of the few elite private sector business group, which contributed wealth as well as welfare to the struggling economy of Bangladesh. FKTL has team of skilled and dedicated technocrats backed by adequate number of modern efficient machinery and equipment’s imported from USA, Europe and Asian countries to match international standards of all kinds of knitwear products.
Fig : Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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2.2 General Information About The Factory: Name of the composite plant
Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
Type
100% Export Oriented Knit Composite Garments Manufacturing Industry
Year of establishment
1997
Name of the chairman
Md. Mamun Bhuiyan
Status
Private Limited
Ownership
Asrotex Group
Production area(knitting)
7,00,000 sq. f
Market/destination
Europe, Asia, U.S.A, Australia
Production capacity(knitting)
7000 ton yearly (open and tubular form)
Total manpower
7,317
Major customer
H&M (Sweden)
Next (United Kingdom)
NKD (Germany)
Matalan (Unite Kingdom)
Springfield (Spain)
Splash (UAE)
Walmart (United States)
Siplec (France)
Kmart (Australia)
Takko Fashion (Germany)
Membership and certification
Member of BGMEA, BKMEA, BTMEA, EPB & the Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce. They are an approved supplier of BSCI, WRAP, OEKO-TEX, SEDEX, ISO 9001 -2008, GOTS.
2.3 Address: Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Factory Address : Baroibogh, Enayet Nagar, Fatullah Narayanganj-1400, Bangladesh. Telephone
: +88 02 7670381
Fax
: +88 02 7670380
Web Address
: http://asrotexgroup.com
Corporate Office : House 85, Road 4, Block B Banani, Dhaka 1213 Bangladesh. Telephone
: +88 (02) 883-5670-1
Fax
: +88 (02) 989-1921
E-Mail
:
[email protected]
Web Address
: www.asrotexgroup.com
USA Office
: 1407 Broadway, Suite 1402 NYC, NY 10018
Telephone
: +1 (929) 278-9042
E-mail
:
[email protected]
Web Address
: www.asrotexgroup.com
2.3.1 Factory Location on Google Map:
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Figure: Site location of FKTL factory office from AUST
Fig: Earth view of FKTL factory office
2.4 Facilities: Knitting Dyeing Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Finishing Sewing Printing (all over print and chest print) Embroidery Trims & packaging Washing
2.5 Sister Concern of Asrotex Group:
Asrotex Ltd. Rimshod tex Ltd. Asro fashion Ltd. Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. Rich apparels Ltd. Ruma industries Ltd. Logic software Ltd. Fariha dyechem Ltd. Standard holdings Ltd. Fariha trims and accessories Ltd. Fibre 2 fashion Bd Ltd.
2.6 Asrotex Knit Divisions Business Turnover (USD): Table: List of Asrotex Group Business Turnover facilities Asrotex Asrotex Ltd Fariha Knit Tex Ltd Total
2010-2011 $20,050,797 $20,850,182 $31,739,007
2011-2012 $19,967,639 $23,664,750 $36,236,375
2012-2013 $21,369,181 $18,547,389 $40,200,917
2013-2014 $24,371,779 $19,603,636 $62,167,052
2014-2015 $27,212,286 $23,311,026 $61,289,974
$72,639,986
$79,868,764
$80,117,486
$106,142,468
$111,813,286
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Figure: Yearly Growth of Asrotex Group
2.7 Mission: The mission of Asrotex Group is to strengthen relationships around the world that will allow Asrotex Group to offer competitive advantages in the global market. At Asrotex Group their unmatched pursuit to execute products and services of the highest quality for their valued customer is their ultimate mission.
2.8 Vision: The vision of Asrotex Group is to be a leader in the global textile and apparel industry. They want to lead the way going into the near future by strengthening the business units, by continuous investments, and through devotion to the development of their most valuable resource. They feel they are on the fore front of the apparel industry.
2.9 Future plan: In addition to further strengthening their expertise and competencies in the RMG sector, ASROTEX Group has plans for diversification in various industries where human benevolence will be the prime focus. The vision of their management brought them here today, and they are not coming too far, they’ve just arrived.
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They are cordially welcoming companies around the globe to be their development partner in Agribusiness, Automobile, Ceramic, Distribution, Electronics, Food, Healthcare, Leather & Leather Goods, Light Engineering, Medical Equipment, Pharmaceuticals, Plastic, Power, Professional development, Real Estate, Renewable Energy, Ship Building, Telecommunication, Tourism, Transportation or any other prospective sectors that will cater the demand of a massive population of 160 million plus people. They are targeting to achieve $500 Million in 2021.
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2.10 Knitting Organogram: AGM Manager Assistant Manager Sr. Production Officer
Sr. fitter
Executive Marketing
Q.C Incharge
Production officer
Fitter Quality Controller
Asst. production Officer
Asst. Fitter Q.C inspector
Shift Incharge Helper Supervisor
Cleaner
Operator Asst. operator Helper
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2.11 Layout Plan 2.11.1 Layout Plan of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.(Knitting floor):
Fig : Layout plan of knitting floor-1
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Fig : Layout plan of knitting floor-2
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CHAPTER 3:
RAW MATERIAL
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Raw material is an important substance in any production oriented textile industry. It plays a vital role in continuous production and for high quality fabric. Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. takes yarn as its raw materials for its initial production of knitted fabrics to make garments.
3.1 Type of raw material: Here mainly cotton, polyester and spandex yarn are used according to the requirements of buyer. Some of the raw material used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd are as follows: 1. Carded yarn 2. Combed yarn 3. CVC yarn (60% cotton, 40% polyester) & (80% cotton, 20% polyester) 4. PC yarn (65% polyester, 35% cotton) 5. 100% Polyester yarn 6. Mélange yarn Grey mélange
(95% cotton, 5% viscose)
(90% cotton, 10% viscose)
(85% cotton, 15% viscose)
Ecru mélange (1-2% viscose, 99-98 % cotton) 7. Slub yarn 8. Spandex yarn 9. 100% viscose yarn
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3.2 Yarn Sources: Spandex yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no
Brand name
Origin
Count
1
Texlon
China
40D
2
Ceora
Korea
20D, 30D, 40D
Cotton yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no
Source of yarn
Origin
Count(Ne)
1
Trident
India
30, 34
2
Purbani
Bangladesh
10
3
Tafrid
Bangladesh
32, 30
4
Rahamat
Bangladesh
50, 30, 40,
5
Ayyanar
India
40
6
BSB
Bangladesh
30
7
R.S.W.M
India
24, 30, 32
8
PT Ramgloria Shakti
India
34
9
Akij
Bangladesh
10, 20
10
S.M
Bangladesh
28, 40
11
Mosharraf
Bangladesh
30, 34
PC yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd:
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S/L no
Source of yarn
Origin
Count(Ne)
1.
N.Z
Bangladesh
30
2.
Mondol
Bangladesh
12, 26, 34
3.
Jamuna
Bangladesh
24, 26
Mélange yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no
Source of yarn
Origin
Count(Ne)
1 2
Huafu Enayetpur
China Bangladesh
26 20,28,30
3
Thermax
Bangladesh
28
4
Jamuna
Bangladesh
24,30,34
5
N.Z
Bangladesh
24
CVC yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no
Source of yarn
Origin
Count(Ne)
1
Akij
Bangladesh
30, 34
2
Jamuna
Bangladesh
24, 28, 30
3
S.M
Bangladesh
20
4
Ha-meem
Bangladesh
28, 32
5
Delta
Bangladesh
34
6
Al-razee
Bangladesh
20, 30
7
N.R.G
India
30
Slub yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no 1.
Source of yarn Keya
Origin Bangladesh
Count(Ne) 28
2.
Delta
Bangladesh
22
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100% polyester yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no
Source of yarn
Origin
Count
1
Pt. sunsan
India
75D
Viscose yarn used in Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: S/L no
Source of yarn
Origin
Count(Ne)
1
Pt. indo liberty
Indonesia
30
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CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE AND MACHINE PARTS
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4.1 Knitting Machine of Fariha Knit Tex Ltd: Fariha Knit Tex Ltd knitting section is divided into two segments. One consisting of 76 circular knitting machines and other contains 18 Flat Bed (v-bed) knitting machines. Specification of machines are given below:
4.1.1 Circular knitting machine: S/L no
Brand Name
Country of Origin
Type of Machine
No of Feeders
Machine Qty
Taiwan
Machine Dia(inch) and Gauge 38, 20
1
Jiun Long
Single jersey
114
2
2
Ta Yu
Taiwan
38, 20
Single jersey
114
7
3
Ta Yu
Taiwan
40, 20
Single jersey
120
6
4
Lisky
Taiwan
42, 24
Single jersey
126
1
5
Lisky
Taiwan
44, 24
Single jersey
132
1
6
Zentex
Singapore
30, 20
Single jersey
90
4
7
Jiun Long
Taiwan
30, 20
Single jersey
30
2
8
Jiun Long
Taiwan
36, 20
Single jersey
108
2
9
Jiun Long
Taiwan
34, 20
Single jersey
102
2
10
Fukahara
Japan
22, 20
Single jersey
88
1
11
Ta Yu
Taiwan
24, 20
Single jersey
72
2
12
Fukahara
Japan
26, 24
Single jersey
104
1
13
Fukahara
Japan
22, 24
Single jersey
70
2
14
Ta Yu
Taiwan
30, 25
Double jersey
90
4
15
Ta Yu
Taiwan
28, 20
Double jersey
84
1
16
Ta Yu
Taiwan
26, 20
Double jersey
78
2
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S/L no
Brand Name
Country of Origin
Machine Dia(inch) and Gauge
Type of Machine
No of Feeders
Machine Qty
17
Jiun Long
Taiwan
32, 20
Double jersey
96
1
18
Jiun Long
Taiwan
32, 20
Double jersey
96
3
19
Jiun Long
Taiwan
42, 18
Double jersey
126
1
20
Lisky
Taiwan
42, 18
Double jersey
88
3
21
Lisky
Taiwan
38, 18
Double jersey
80
2
22
Lisky
Taiwan
38, 9
Double jersey
80
1
23
Ta Yu
Taiwan
32, 18
Double jersey
68
2
24
China
42, 24
Single jersey
126
7
China
40, 24
Single jersey
120
4
China
36, 24
Single jersey
108
6
China
34, 24
Single jersey
102
6
28
Ta Yu(Xiamen) Ta Yu(Xiamen) Ta Yu(Xiamen) Ta Yu(Xiamen) Pailung
Taiwan
36, 24
50
2
29
Pailung
Taiwan
34, 24
48
2
30
Ta Yu
Taiwan
34, 28
69
1
31
Pailung
Taiwan
30, 24
Auto stripe single jersey Auto stripe single jersey Auto stripe single jersey Auto stripe single jersey
42
2
25 26 27
4.1.2 Flat bed knitting machine: All the flat bed knitting machines are capable for producing collar, cuff and some rib fabric. S/L No 1
Brand Name Shima Seiki
Country of origin Japan
M/C width and gauge 60″ × 14G
No of feeder 6
Machine quantity 10
2
Jy- Leh
Taiwan
80″ × 14G
4
8
4.2 Knitting Machine Pictures: Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Figure: Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine (Ta Yu)
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Figure: Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine (Jiun Long)
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Fig: Double Jersey Circulasr Knitting Machine (Ta Yu)
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Figure: Auto Stripe Single Jersey Circular Knitting Machine (PAILUNG)
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Figure : Flat bed Knitting Machine (Shima Seiki)
Figure : Flat bed Knitting Machine (Shima Seiki) Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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4.3 Different parts of circular knitting machine: 1. Name: Needle The needle is the primary knitting element. Needle is a thin metal bar. Function: It is used to produce loop and thus produce fabric.
Fig: Needle 2. Name: Sinker The sinker is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal plate. It may perform one or more of the following functions depending upon machines knitting action, consequent sinker shape and movement. Function: Holding down Knocking over Loop formation
Fig: Sinker for Auto striper
Fig: Sinker for Single Jersey
Fig: Sinker for Fleece
3. Name: Knitting Cam Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Cam is the devices which convert rotary machine drive in to a suitable reciprocation action for the needle. Knit Cam: Function: To produce knit loop Fig: Knit Cam Tuck Cam: Function: To produce tuck loop
Fig: Tuck Cam Miss Cam: Function: To produce miss loop
Fig: Knit Cam
4. Name: Cam Box
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Function: It is used to hold the cam according to the fabric design.
Fig: Cam Box
5. Name: Oiling or lubricating system Function: Lubrication system is used to reduce the heat generation and friction between metal parts.
Fig: Lubrication system (Uniwave) Technical data for Uniwave lubrication system: 1. 2. 3. 4.
20 lubrication points. Two, low-flow connections. Compact oil reservoir. Long, reliable service life guaranteed.
6. Name: Air Gun
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Function: It is used to feed the yarn into the feeding device through the yarn carrier. Sometimes it used to clean external dust from the knitting zone and also for cleaning machine parts.
Fig: Air Gun
7. Name: Variable Diameter of Quality Pulley Function: It is used to control GSM by varying the stitch length
Fig: Knit Cam 8. Name: Spandex Feeding Device (lycra attachment) Function: It is used to apply negative feed of the spandex
Fig: Lycra attachment
9. Name: Spandex Stop Motion Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Function: When spandex yarn is worn, it stops the machines.
Fig: Spandex Stop Motion 10. Name: Memminger Positive Feeder (MPF) Function: It is used to apply positive feed of the yarn
Fig: MPF
11.Name: Cylinder Function: Main part of the machine which hold the other parts like cam box, trick plate and rotates when machine run.
Fig: Cylinder
12. Name: Creel Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Function: Creel is a part of knitting machine. Here yarn package are store and ready to feed into the machine
Fig: Creel
13. Name: Feeder Function: Feeder helps yarn to feed into the machine.
Fig: Feeder 15. Name: Needle Trick Function: Where all needle is placed together in a decent Design.
Fig: Needle Trick
4.4 Different Parts of Flatbed Knitting Machine:
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Fig: Flat bed knitting machine (Jy Leh) Tension Equipment: Provides tension force for yarn to be fed to the yarn feeder. Cone Stand Plate: Table on which cone is arranged. Fluorescent Lamp: It is necessary to see the condition of the needle bed gap and so on during knitting. This lamp is turn on and off in controller screen. Cone Stand: Holds the cone. Signal Lamp: There are three indication lamps are as follows:
Green lamp--------------------Machine is in operation.
Blinking Green lamp---------Machine is stopped by operation.
Blinking yellow lamp-------Machine is stopped because of error or piece. Carriage: Control the motion of the needle.
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completion of
Figure: Carriage Operation Bar: Actuates and stops the carriage. Also used for clearing operation errors.
Figure: operating handle/Operation bar Stop Switch: The purpose is to stop the machine in an emergency condition. Side Cover: Installed at the both sides of safety cover. Safety Cover: Suppresses the noise and dust. Side Tension Equipment: Pulls the yarn fed to the feeder to create tension as tension equipment does.
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Carrier Rail: Used for the carrier to move on. Controller: Input the knitting data in the computer screen and command the machine to execute the data. Modifying and inputting data are available in controller. Lever: Lever operates a roller which helps the fabric to come outside of the machine. Main Power Switch: Cuts off power supply. This switch has emergency stop function. Oil Pump: Supplies oil to the machine parts. Breaker Switch: This protects the machine from odd power source to the turned off automatically. The breaker switch is back side of controller.
4.5 Specification of Needle, Sinker and Needle oil: Item
Brand
Origin
Model no
Groz-Beckert
Germany
Organ
Japan
VOL S 78.52. G007 VOL S 78.41. G0025 Vota 78.60. G002 VO 75.50. S005 VO 95.48. S003
Sinker
Groz-Beckert
Germany
Needle oil
TAE-WON
Korea
Needle
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Chapter 5: PRODUCT MIX AND THEIR SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
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5.1 Production parameters:
Machine diameter Machine rpm (revolution per minute) No of feeders in use Machine gauge Count of yarn Required time (machine running time)
5.2 Products of Knitting Floor: Single Jersey:
Plain Single Jersey Plain Single Jersey with Lycra Single Lacoste Double Lacoste Polo Pique Fleece Fabric
Double Jersey:
1x 1 Rib 1 x 1 Rib with Lycra 2 x 1 Rib 1 x 1 Interlock 1 x 1 Interlock with Lycra Waffle Ponte Di Roma Mesh
5.3 Yarn count selection: As we know VDQ pulley on the knitting machine controls GSM of fabric, but its raw material has direct impact on GSM. Yarn counts and stitch length that are used to achieve required GSM are given below:
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Single jersey: Yarn count 20s 24s 26 s 28 s 30 s
34 s 40 s
GSM 190 175 160 160 150 175 130 140 150
Stitch length (mm) 2.85 2.94 2.95 2.70 2.80 2.65 3.20 2.75 2.70
180 190
3.00 3.45
Rib Fabric: Count
GSM
Stitch length (mm)
Fabric type
26 s
300 230 200 200 200 200 300 250
2.70 2.65 2.60 2.75 2.50 2.60 2.75 2.60
2x1 1x1 1x1 2x1 1x1 1x1 1x1 1x1
Count
GSM
Stitch length (mm)
Fabric type
40 s
190-200 210-220 300
2.90 3.70 3.75
1x1
28 s 30 s 34 s
Interlock Fabric:
34 s
5.4 Knitting process flow chart: Order from buyer Marketing department
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1x1
Knitting department Yarn requisition from the mill Yarn receive by store Knitting program setting Yarn requisition from floor to store
Yarn received by floor in charge
Yarn loading on the machine
Knitting Fabric inspection
Delivery to fabric store
Fabric delivery to dyeing section from store
5.6 Fabric specification:
Fabric type Finished GSM Finished diameter Color Yarn count
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5.7 Methods of Increasing Production: By the following methods the production can be increased: By Increasing Machine Speed: Higher the m/c speed faster the movement of needle and ultimately production will be increased. By Increasing the Number of Feeder: If the number of feeder is increased in the circumference of cylinder, then the number of courses will be increased in one revolution at a time. By Using Machine of Higher Gauge: The higher the machine gauge, the more the production. So by using machine of higher gauge production can be increased.
5.8 Sequence of Operation:
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Fig: Yarn Path Diagram of Single Jersey Machine
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Fig: Yarn Path Diagram of Single Jersey Machine with Lycra attachment
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Fig: Yarn Path Diagram of Double Jersey Machine
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Fig: Yarn Path Diagram of Double Jersey Machine with Lycra attachment
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Chapter 6: PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY CALCULATION
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6.1 Formula for production calculation and efficiency calculation: There are some formulas, commonly used for the calculation purpose in the knitting industries: Production/ shif in kg: =
No of feeder × RPM ×60 × 12× No of needle × S . L× Efficiency( ) 10 ×2.54 ×36 ×840 × yarn count × 2.2046
Efficiency (%) of machine: =
Actual production × 100 Calculated production
In Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. Production is calculated in kg. So we calculated the production of fabric in kg.
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6.1.1 Calculation for Single Jersey Fabric: No of feeder
: 132
R.P.M of machine
: 15.2
Machine dia
: 44 ″
Machine gauge
: 24
Count of yarn
:28/1 Ne
Stitch length
: 2.73mm
Shift
: 12 hr
Efficiency
: 85%
Production/ shift in kg: =
No of feeder × RPM ×60 × 12× NO of needle× S . L × Efficiency () 10 ×2.54 × 36 ×840 × yarn count ×2.2046
=
132 ×15.2 ×60 ×12 × ( 3.1416 × 44 × 24 ) ×2.73 ×.85 10 × 2.54 ×36 × 840× 28 ×2.2046
= 234.55 kg
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6.1.2 Calculation for Lycra Single Jersey Fabric: No of feeder
: 96
R.P.M of machine
: 15
Machine dia
: 32 ″
Machine gauge
: 24
Count of yarn
:28/1 Ne
Stitch length
: 2.90mm
Shift
: 12 hr
Efficiency
: 65%
Lycra (%)
: 4%
Production/ shift in kg: =
No of feeder × RPM ×60 × 12× NO of needle× S . L × Efficiency () 10 ×2.54 × 36 ×840 × yarn count ×2.2046
=
96 ×15 ×60 ×12 × ( 3.1416 ×32 ×24 ) ×2.90 ×.65 10 × 2.54 ×36 × 840× 28 ×2.2046
= 99 kg Weight of Lycra =
99 x 4 kg 100
= 3.96 kg Total production = ( 99+ 3.96 ) kg = 102.96 kg
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6.1.3 Calculation for rib machine (1×1 rib fabric):
No of feeder
: 84
R.P.M of machine
: 20
Machine dia
: 28 ″
Machine gauge
: 18
Time
: 12 hr
Yarn count
: 36s
Stitch length
: 3.10 mm
Efficiency
: 85%
Production/ shift in kg:
=
=
no of feeder × RPM ×60 ×12 × No of needle ×S . L × Efficiency () ×2 10× 2.54 ×36 × 840× yarn count × 2.2046
84 ×20 ×60 ×12 ×3.1416 × 28× 18 ×3.10 ×.85 x 2 10 × 2.54 ×36 ×840 × 36 ×2.2046
= 166 kg
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6.1.4 Calculation for rib machine (2×1 rib fabric): No of feeder
: 96
R.P.M of machine
: 17
Machine dia
: 36 ″
Machine gauge
: 18
Time
: 12 hr
Yarn count
: 36s
Stitch length
: 2.48 mm
Efficiency
: 70%
Production/ shift in kg:
=
=
no of feeder × RPM ×60 ×12 × No of needle ×S . L × Efficiency () ×2/3 10× 2.54 ×36 × 840× yarn count × 2.2046
96 ×17 ×60 ×12 ×3.1416 × 36× 18 ×2.48 ×.70 10 × 2.54 ×36 × 840× 36 ×2.2046
= 186 kg
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x 2/3
6.1.4 Calculation for Interlock:
Machine Diameter : 30’’ Machine gauge
: 24
Stitch length
: 1.62mm
No. of feeder
: 96
Machine RPM
: 25
Time
: 12 hr
Count
: 36/1 Ne
Production kg/shift =
No of feeder × RPM ×Time × No . of needle × Stitch length × Efficiency () 10 X 2.54 X 36 X 840 X 2.2046 X Yarn count
=
96 ×25 ×60 ×12 ×.9 ×3.1416 × 30× 24 ×1.62 10 × 2.54 ×36 ×840 × 2.2046× 36
= 93 kg
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6.1.4 Production for Fleece (3 Thread): Machine Diameter
: 38’’
Machine gauge
: 16
Stitch length
: (4.45+3.95+1.75)mm
No. of feeder
: 114
Machine RPM
: 18
Time
: 12 hr
Count
: 20/1 Ne+20/1Ne+10/1Ne
Efficiency
: 70%
Production in kg/shift =
=
No of feeder × RPM ×Time × No . of needle × Stitch length × Efficiency () 10 X 2.54 X 36 X 840 X Yarncount X 2.2046
38 x 18 x 60 x 12 x 3.1416 x 38 x 16 x 4.45 x .70 10 x 2.54 x 36 x 840 x 20 x 2.2046
+
38 x 18 x 60 x 12 x 3.1416 x 38 x 16 x 3.95 x .70 + 10 x 2.54 x 36 x 840 x 20 x 2.2046 38 x 18 x 60 x 12 x 3.1416 x 38 x 16 x 1.75 x .70 10 x 2.54 x 36 x 840 x 10 x 2.2046
= ( 86+ 76+ 68 ) kg = 230 kg
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+
6.1.5 Calculation Efficiency of machine:
Efficiency
=
Actual production × 100 Calculated production
Production of Single Jersey Plain Machine:
Machine Diameter : 34’’ Machine gauge
: 24
Stitch length
: 2.7mm
No. of feeder
: 84
Machine RPM
: 28
Time
: 12 hr
Count
: 30/1 Ne
Production at 100% Efficiency in kg/shift =
=
No of feeder × RPM ×Time × No. of needle × Stitch length 10 X 2.54 X 36 X 840 X 2.2046 X Yarncount
84 ×28 ×60 ×12 ×3.1416 × 34 ×24 × 2.7 10 ×2.54 × 36× 840 ×2.2046 ×30
= 230 kg/shift (Calculated Production) Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Actual Production = 185 kg/shift
Efficiency =
=
Actual Production X 100 Calculated Production 185 x 100 230
= 80 %
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CHAPTER 7: QUALITY ASSURANCE
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Quality assurance is defined as all those possible planed and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy given requirements for quality. The quality assurance department is assigned to maintain consistently uniform quality of the material in process and various stages of manufacturing.
7.1 Object of quality control: Raw material test Process control Process development Product testing Research
7.2 Online Quality Control: First of all, yarn lot and count is checked. Then the VDQ pulley diameter is checked for specific stitch length. After running the machine, a sample of the fabric is cut. Then the stitch length and GSM is checked. If the stitch length and GSM is not correct then necessary steps are taken. Needle mark, sinker mark, hole and various types of faults are checked in the machine. If any faults are identified, then necessary steps are taken to remove or minimize the fault.
7.3 Off Line Quality Control: After knitting, The grey fabric was checked by inspection machine. Find out the knitting fault & mark by marker pen.
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Make a report sheet in inspection tab (on 4 point system).
7.4 Fabric Inspection system: All rolls are kept in front of the inspection machine time to time and are inspected over the grey inspection machine visually in a pre-set speed against light. For any major or minor faults like thick thin, barre marks, lycra out, contamination, fly, holes, oil lines, needle lines, slubs etc. are recorded in grey inspection report to classify the fabric based on the four point system. Collar and cuff are inspected visually under light, any major & minor faulty collar/ cuff like having wrong ply, hole, needle lines, slubs, wrong design, first line problem etc. properly counted and recorded. The 4-points system is followed to inspect fabric. The defects found and points given against are recorded in the inspection sheet. Following table shows the four point grading system followed by Fariha Knit Tex Ltd:
Size of defects 3 inches or less Over 3 inch upto 6 inch Over 6 inch upto 9 inch Over 9 inch
Penalty point 1 2 3 4
7.5 Total defect points per 100 square meter are then calculated: Penalty per 100 square meter=
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total penalty point ×36 ×100 total length∈ yards× total width of the fabric inch Fabric are then graded according to the penalty points
7.6 Grading system: Points per 100 square meter 0-20 21 to 28
Grading A B
Above 28
C (Rejected)
Figure: Inspection Report
7.7 List of equipments for quality control: The list of equipment to assure quality: 1. Inspection machine 2. Electronic balance Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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3. GSM cutter 4. Measuring tape 5. Scissors 6. Indication sticker
Fig: Inspection Machine
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7.8 Physical Lab Equipment’s: No
Machin Name
Brand Name
Model
Light Fastness Tester
ENOTEST
Xenotest 150S+
UV Spectrometer
Perkin Elmer
Lambda 25
pH Tester
METTLER TOLEDO
1
2
3
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Figure
4 Titan Universal Strength Tester
JAMES HEAL
5
Bursting Strength tester
Trueburst
6
Pilling Tester
ICI Pilling box
7
Yarn Twist Tester
ESSJAY TECHNOMEASURE
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7.6 Fabric defects: 1. Needle mark: Appearance: Spot line is found at wales direction. Causes: Due to decayed needle Due to bend needle Due to old needle Due to improper needle setting Remedies: Change the defected needle. Check the needle settings. 2. Sinker mark: Appearance: Spot line is found at wales direction. Causes: Due to decayed sinker Due to faulty adjustment of sinker with sinker cam. Due to dirty track path. Remedies: Change the sinker Make necessary adjustments of sinker with sinker cam as required.
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3. Hole: Appearance: Hole on the fabric. Causes: If needle latch is not working properly. Due to uneven tension. Due to needle head breakage. Due to improper cam setting. Due to excessive take down tension. Remedies: Change the needle Adjust the tension as required Adjust cam setting properly
4. Drop stitches: Appearance: A small hole is appeared on wales direction. Causes: Due to defective needle. If yarn is not properly fed during loop formation. i.e. not properly laid on to the needle hook. Due to take down mechanism too loose. Due to insufficient yarn tension Remedies: Needle should be straight Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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Proper feeding of yarn during loop formation. Correct take up of the fabric and correct fabric tension Yarn tension should be properly 5. Barre/patta: Appearance: Stripe effect is found towards the course on knit fabric. Causes: Due to lot mixing of yarn If different counts and colors of yarn are missing together. Improper cam adjustment Remedies: Operator should be careful about that different lots of yarn cannot be mix up. Yarn should be tested before knitting.
6. Slub: Appearance: A thick place is made in a particular place on fabric surface. Causes: Due to using of low quality yarn Lint getting on to yarn face. Remedies: Yarn quality should be good Yarn testing should be done properly
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7. Fly contamination: Causes: Presence of dead fibers & other foreign materials, such as; dyed fibers, husk & synthetic fibers etc. Dyed & other types of fibers flying from the adjacent Knitting machines cling to the yarn being used for knitting & get embedded in the Grey Fabric. Remedies: Use rich fiber mixing for the yarns to be used for Knitting in order to have less dead fibers appearing in the fabric. Rigid control measures in the blow room to prevent the mixing of foreign matters in the cotton mixing.
8. Oil spot: Appearance: Oil spot on the fabric surface. Causes: Due to excessive lubrication in the machine If there is any type of problem in needle and sinker, oil can be bled on the fabric. Leakage of knitting oil
Remedies: Change the faulty needle and sinker Machine should be cleaned after scheduled time Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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9. Lycra out: Appearance: Lycra yarn is missing at course direction. Causes: If Lycra yarn is missed or breakage happened. Remedies: Operator should be more cautious to make necessary adjustment or replacement or joining the yarn.
10. Press off (Set up): Causes: For badly needle break. Improper yarn tension. In case of Yarn breakage. Remedies: Remove bad needle. Maintain proper tension of yarn.
11. Loop: Causes: Due to broken, decayed or bent needle. Dirt in the needle latch or groove. Remedies: Change needle Proper cleaning
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CHAPTER 8: MAINTENANCE
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Maintenance of machineries is very important for any type of industries and it is must for a knit composite factory.
8.1 Types of maintenance: 1. Preventive maintenancea. Mechanical maintenance b. Electrical maintenance 2. Routine maintenance 3. Corrective maintenancea. Mechanical maintenance b. Electrical maintenance
8.1.1 Preventive maintenance: Preventive maintenance is a predetermined routine activity to ensure on time inspection/ checking of facilities to uncover conditions that may lead to production break downs or harmful depreciation.
8.1.2 Routine maintenance: Routine maintenance usually denotes those activities of maintenance which are bare minimum to ensure efficient working of machines. These activities have to be performed according to predetermined frequencies which are based on technical and quality considerations.
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8.2 Routine maintenance task followed in the factory: Daily work Floor cleaning Positive feeder checking Oil line checking Airline checking Take up roller checking Motor sound checking Every 25 days Gear box checking All bearing checking All bearing greasing Panel board cleaning Fan filter cleaning Checking all control panels Lubrication all motor bearing All cable terminal tightening
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8.3 Servicing Procedures of Circular Knitting Machine :
Power off MPF belt out Yarn cut Removing The fabric Removing nitting drum (optional) Running the machine at low rpmwith oil and cleaning Cam box and sinker box out Needle and sinker out Needle and sinker cleaning by oil Cam box cleaning by air Sinker,needle,cam and cam boxs joining
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8.4 Maintenance tools and equipment: 1. Adjustable wrench: Use: To set different types of nuts and bolts Tightening and loosening of nuts and bolts
2. Spanner: Use: To set nuts, bolts and pulley Tightening and loosening of nuts and bolts
3. T-type L- key: Use: Use to fitting cam box and other machine parts Tightening and loosening of nuts and bolts
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4. Allen –key: Use: Use to fitting cam box and other machine parts Tightening and loosening of nuts and bolts
5. Screw driver: Use: To fitting to fitting various type screw. Tightening and loosening of nuts and bolts
6. Hammer: Use: To drive nails, fit parts and forge metel.
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7. Pliers: Use: To hold machine parts Cut metal wire Set nuts and bolts
8. Cutting pliers: Use: To cut metal wire.
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CHAPTER 9: UTILITY
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9.1 Utility: Utility is a major factor in any type of industry. In a textile industry there should be present four types of utility for the smooth running of the operations. They are: Electricity Compressed air Steam Water
9.2 Source of utility: Electricity: generator Steam: boiler Water: pump Compressed air: compressor
9.3 Machine for utility services: 9.4 Air compressor: Air compressor used to compress the air and increase the pressure of air. Air compressor sucks air from the atmosphere, compress it and then deliver it at a high pressure to a storage vessel. From the storage vessel it may be delivered by the pipeline to a place where the supply of compressed air is required.
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Fig: Air compressor SL no 1 2
Brand
Product type
Max
Motor
Origin
Qty
Kaeser
Screw type
pressure 15 bar
Power 75 kw
America
05
Kaeser
compressor Screw type
15 bar
55 kw
America
02
compressor
9.5 Power generator: In fariha knit tex, there are eight power generator present and six of them are run by gas and Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
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rest of them run by diesel as fuel. In bellow some information about the generator are given:
Fig: Gas Generator SL no
Brand
Model
KW
Volts
R.P.M
Fuel
Origin
Qty
1
Waukesha
V.H.P-
900
400
1000
Gas
America
05
900
400
1000
Gas
America
01
1292
400/45
800
Diesel
Sweden
02
5900LTDE 2
Waukesha
V.H.P5900GSID
3
B&W
AEG Man
0
9.6 Utility costs: As Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. runs with its own electricity plant, it needs to buy gas and diesel to run the generators. In bellow the bills of previous moths are given: Month June July Intern report on Fariha Knit Tex Ltd.
Bill in TK. 6252520 6597221 77
Aug
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6321557
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CHAPTER 10: MARKETING INFORMATION
10.1 Knitting Charge for Various Structure:
SI. No.
Knitting Charge Per KG in taka
Fabric Type
24 Ne -- 32 Ne
34 Ne -- 40 Ne
1.
Single Jersey Plain
10
12
2.
Single Jersey Slub Yarn
15
18
3.
Single Jersey Dyed Yarn Feeder Stripe
20
22
4.
Half Feeder Lycra Single Jersey
22
24
5.
Full Feeder Lycra S/J Yarn Dyed Stripe
38
40
6.
Pique Lacoste
16
18
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7.
Pique Feeder Stripe
30
33
8.
1×1 Normal RIB
18
20
9.
Yarn Dyed (1×1) Stripe RIB
25
28
10.
(1×1) Half Feeder Lycra RIB
22
24
11.
(1×1) Full Feeder Lycra RIB
26
28
12.
(2×1) RIB
25
28
13.
(2×1) Full Feeder Lycra RIB
34
36
14.
(2×2) RIB
28
30
15.
(2×2) Half Feeder Lycra RIB
32
34
16.
(2×2) Full Feeder Lycra RIB
36
38
17.
Plain Interlock
30
33
18.
Interlock Half Feeder Lycra Attachment
38
40
19.
Three thread fleece
20
22
20.
Three thread Lycra Fleece
28
32
10.2 Buyer Information: Buyer name
Country
H&M
Sweden
Next
United Kingdom
Springfield
Spain
Splash
UAE
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Matalan
United Kingdom
Walmart
United States
Siplec
France
Takko Fashion
Germany
Kmart
Australia
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CHAPTER 11: CONCLUDING PART
11.1 Limitation of our training and report: Due to lack of qualified technical personal, we did not get enough information about technical aspects of knitting machines and process.
11.2 Suggestions: -
Marketing activities should be increased.
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-
Working environment should be developed and modified. Technically skilled personal should be employed for improvisation of the unit. Research center should be integrated in knitting department for developing new fabric construction.
11.3 Conclusion: We have completed our industrial training successfully by the grace of Allah. Fariha Knit Tex Ltd. is a well-known factory in the textile field of Bangladesh. We are very grateful to the mill authority for providing us the chance to acquire the practical knowledge about their large and spacious field. It minimizes the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge and also increase our thought a lot about textile technology. The main objective of industrial training is to provide us the opportunity to observe, understand and practice the use of engineering knowledge in textile industry. From this industrial attachment we captured a detailed idea about the factory environment, factory maintenance system, total management and many other very important details on the factory. Whatever knowledge we have gained during our training period, it will help us to build up our carrier as a successful textile engineer.
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