Ficha Phrasal-prepositional Verbs

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Phrasal Verbs and other multi-word verbs Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called "m multi-word verbs". Phrasal verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language. Multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs, are very common, especially in spoken English. A multi-word verb is a verb like "pick up", "turn on" or "get on with". For convenience, many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs. These verbs consist of a basic verb + another word or words. The other word(s) can be prepositions and/or adverbs. The two or three words that make up multi-word verbs form a short "phrase" - which is why these verbs are often all called "phrasal verbs". The important thing to remember is that a multi-word verb is still a verb. "Get" is a verb. "Get up", is also a verb, a different verb. "Get" and "get up" are two different verbs. They do not have the same meaning. So you should treat each multi-word verb as a separate verb, and learn it like any other verb. There are three types of multi-word verbs, including phrasal verbs:  phrasal verbs;  prepositional verbs;  phrasal-prepositional verbs..

Analyse the table: SINGLE-WORD VERB

look

direct your eyes in a certain direction

You must look before you leap.

MULTIWORD VERBS

look for

search for something someone look in the direction something or someone

I lost my keys. I must look for them. I was looking at him when he smiled.

prepositional verbs

look at

phrasal verbs

look up

look after phrasal-prepositional verbs

look forward to

or of

search for and find information in a reference book take care of

You can look up my number in the telephone directory.

anticipate with pleasure

I look forward to meeting you.

Who is looking after the baby?

PHRASAL VERBS Phrasal verbs are made of verb + adverb Phrasal verbs can be: • intransitive (no direct object) • transitive (direct object) Here are some examples of phrasal verbs: phrasal verbs

meaning

examples direct object

intransitive phrasal verbs transitive phrasal verbs

MARCH 2009

get up

rise from bed

I don't like to get up.

break down

cease to function

He was late because his carbroke down.

put off

postpone

We will have to put off

the meeting.

turn down

refuse

They turned down

my offer.

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SEPARABLE PHRASAL VERBS

When phrasal verbs are transitive (that is, they have a direct object), we can usually separate the two parts. For example, "turn down" is a separable phrasal verb. We can say: "turn down my offer" or "turn my offer down". Look at this table: transitive phrasal separable

verbs

are

They

turned

They

turned

down

my offer.

down.

my offer

However, if the direct object is a pronoun, we have no choice. We must separate the phrasal verb and insert the pronoun between the two parts. Look at this example with the separable phrasal verb "switch on": direct object pronouns must go between the two parts of transitive phrasal verbs

John

switched

on

John

switched

the radio

on.

John

switched

it

on.

John

switched

on

the radio.

These are all possible.

it.

This is not possible.

Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs? Some dictionaries tell you when phrasal verbs are separable. If a dictionary writes "look (something) up", you know that the phrasal verb "look up" is separable, and you can say "look something up" and "look up something". It's a good idea to write "something/somebody" as appropriate in your vocabulary book when you learn a new phrasal verb, like this: •

get up



break down



put something/somebody off

• turn sthg/sby down This tells you whether the verb needs a direct object (and where to put it).

PREPOSITIONAL VERBS Prepositional verbs are made of: verb + preposition Because a preposition always has an object, all prepositional verbs have direct objects, so all the prepositional verbs are transitive. Here are some examples of prepositional verbs: EXAMPLES PREPOSITIONAL VERBS

MEANING

direct object believe in

have faith in the existence of

I believe in

God.

look after

take care of

He is looking after

the dog.

talk about

discuss

Did you talk about

me?

wait for

await

John is waiting for

Mary.

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Prepositional verbs cannot be separated. That means that we cannot put the direct object between the two parts. For example, we must say "look after the baby". We cannot say "look the baby after": Who is looking after the baby?

This is possible.

Who is looking the baby after?

This is not possible.

prepositional verbs are inseparable

It is a good idea to write "something/somebody" in your vocabulary book when you learn a new prepositional verb, like this: • believe in something/somebody • look after sthg/sby This reminds you that this verb needs a direct object (and where to put it).

PHRASAL-PREPOSITIONAL VERBS Phrasal-prepositional verbs are a small group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words.. Phrasal-prepositional verbs are made of: verb + adverb + preposition Look at these examples of phrasal-prepositional verbs: phrasal-prepositional verbs

meaning

examples direct object

get on with

have a friendly relationship with

He doesn't get on with

his wife.

put up with

tolerate

I won't put up with

your attitude.

look forward to

anticipate with pleasure

I look forward to

seeing you.

run out of

use up, exhaust

We have run out of

eggs.

Because phrasal-prepositional verbs end with a preposition, there is always a direct object. And, like prepositional verbs, phrasal-prepositional verbs cannot be separated. Look at these examples: phrasal-prepositional verbs are inseparable

We

ran out of

fuel.

We

ran out of

it.

It is a good idea to write "something/somebody" in your vocabulary book when you learn a new phrasalprepositional verb, like this: • get on with somebody • put up with sthg/sby • run out of something This reminds you that this verb needs a direct object (and where to put it). Source: englishclub.com On the next page you can learn more about the prepositional verbs. Try to match each verb to the preposition, and then, using a dictionary, try to explain the meaning they convey (or translate them into Portuguese). Use the prepositions from each box placed above to fill in the table. Note that there may be more than one possibility. MARCH 2009

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from

Verb

at

Preposition

of

for

to

in

with

on

from

on

in

from

on

in

Meaning

1) Abstain 2) Approve 3) Aim 4) Ask 5) Attend 6) Benefit 7) Believe

into

Verb

Preposition

to

Meaning

8) Bump 9) Belong 10) Begin 11) Chat 12) Comment 13) Concentrate 14) Cope

of

Verb

with

Preposition

about

Meaning

15) Consist 16) Deal 17) Depart 18) Experiment 19) Fail 20) Fill 21) Forget

of

Verb

with

Preposition

about

Meaning

15) Consist 16) Deal 17) Depart 18) Experiment 19) Fail 20) Fill 21) Forget

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at

Verb

on

Preposition

to

about

for

Meaning

22) Glance 23) Hear 24) Hope 25) Insist 26) Look 27) Mention

about

Verb

to

Preposition

with

from

in

for

Meaning

28) Occur 29) Prepare 30) Prevent 31) Provide 32) Succeed 33) Worry Source: On-line Reloaded, Porto Editora

Now you have to memorise them, but not all at once!!!! You should do it in phases… ☺

G☺☺D W☺RK!!!!

MARCH 2009

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