Ferdinand Marcos.docx

FERDINAND EDRALIN MARCOS

EARLY LIFE 

Ferdinand Edralin Marcos was born on September 11, 1917, in Sarrat, a village in the Ilocos North region of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. His parents, Josefa Edralin and Mariano Marcos, were both teachers from important families. In 1925 Mariano Marcos became a congressman, surrounding the young Ferdinand in a political atmosphere at an early age. Mariano also had a strong influence on what was to become Ferdinand's competitive, win-at-all-costs nature. Mariano and Josefa pushed Ferdinand to excel at everything, not only his studies at school, but also at activities such as wrestling, boxing, hunting, survival skills, and marks-manship (skill with a gun or rifle). In college, Marcos's main interest was the .22-caliber college pistol team.

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Persistent rumors say that Ferdinand’s biological father was a man named Ferdinand Chua, who served as his godfather. Officially, however, Josefa’s husband, Mariano Marcos,ws the child’s father.

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In 1933, one of his father’s political rivals who had managed to defeat Mariano Marcos in an election was murdered. Ferdinand Marcos was accused and prosecuted for having colluded in the murder. He was found guilty but he defended himself in court. He was acquitted six years after the alleged murder took place.

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When he sat for the 1939 Bar Examinations, he received a near-perfect score of 98.8%, although some have disputed this score. The Philippine Supreme Court felt justified in altering his scoring. He graduated cum laude.

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In Seagrave's book The Marcos Dynasty, he mentioned that Marcos possessed a phenomenal memory and exhibited this by memorizing complicated texts and reciting them forward and backward, even such as the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines.

PERSONAL LIFE He was married to Imelda Romualdez, on May 1, 1954 and the marriage produced three children. 1. Maria Imelda "Imee" Marcos (born 12 November 1955), Governor of Ilocos Norte 2. Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr. (born 13 September 1957), Senator of the Philippines 3. Irene Marcos (born 16 September 1960) His fourth child, Aimee Romualdez Marcos, was adopted and was a musician in 2012.  

When Marcos first met Imelda Romualdez in 1954, it was love at first sight. So after only two weeks of courtship, the couple tied the kont first in a civil ceremony in baguio City followed by a church wedding at the Pro Cathedral of San Miguel in Manila. To make this possible, Imelda had to convince Ferdinand to convert from his native Aglipayan religion to Roman Catholicism. She succeeded in persuading the latter, and the churh wedding was held afterwards with President ramon Magsaysay as the principal sponsor.

MILITARY CAREER 

At the outbreak of World War II, Ferdinand Marcos was practicing law in Manila. He soon joined the Filipino Army, and fought against the Japanese invasion as a combat intelligence officer in the 21st Infantry Division.

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Marcos saw action in the three-month-long Battle of Bataan, in which the Allied forces lost Luzon to the Japanese. He survived the Bataan Death March, a week-long ordeal that killed about 1/4 of Japan's American and Filipino POWs on Luzon.

RISE TO POWER 

Following Philippines’ independence and the end of the Second World War, Ferdinand Marcos joined politics. He entered the House of Representatives from Ilocos Norte in 1949 and over the next ten years he was elected to the house two more times. During that decade, he served in different important capacities like the Chairman of House Committee on Commerce and Industry, member of the defence committee and several other committees.

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In 1959, Marcos became a member of the Philippine Senate and before long he became the floor leader of the minority. Two years after getting into the senate, the Liberal Party made him their executive vice president and two years after that he became the Senate President. During his two year long stint as the president of the Senate, Marcos was responsible for the introduction of a number of new bills.

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In 1965, Marcos was elected as the President of Philippines and during his campaign for the presidency, he stressed on his past as a soldier and the campaign proved to be successful. A year after assuming the presidency, Marcos sent Philippine soldiers to serve in the Vietnam War where they served for four years.

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Marcos became the president for a second term in 1969 and the very next year he had to face opposition and protests from the left wing. The protests, along with Islamic threats, were one of the main reasons why Marcos imposed martial law in Philippines three years after beginning his 2nd term and for the next nine years the country was under martial law as Marcos tried to establish a ‘New Society’. Opposition leaders and left wing activists were arrested, media was censored and even the Congress was closed down.

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Marcos’ third term as the president of Philippines ran into trouble in 1985 when there was an attempt to impeach him for stealing state assets to the tune of millions but a committee struck it down. The same year, Marcos called for elections ahead of schedule and duly won it, however there were allegations of electoral corruption. The failure of the electoral process gave further power to the ‘People Power Movement’. A year after the election, the opposition overtook the city and Marcos fled. He found asylum in Hawaii.

DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW 

On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law. The declaration issued under Proclamation 1081 suspended the civil rights and imposed military authority in the country. Marcos defended the declaration stressing the need for extra powers to quell the rising wave of violence allegedly caused by communists. The emergency rule was also intended to eradicate the roots of rebellion and promote a rapid trend for national development. The autocrat assured the country of the legality of Martial Law emphasizing the need for control over civil disobedience that displays lawlessness. Marcos explained citing the provisions from the Philippine Constitution that Martial Law is a strategic approach to legally defend the Constitution and protect the welfare of the Filipino people from the dangerous threats posed by Muslim rebel groups and Christian vigilantes that places national security at risk during the time. Marcos explained that martial law was not a military takeover but was then the only option to resolve the country’s dilemma on rebellion that stages national chaos threatening the peace and order of the country. The

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emergency rule, according to Marcos’s plan, was to lead the country into what he calls a “New Society”. Thirty-thousand opposition figures including Senator Benigno Aquino, journalists, student and labor activists were detained at military compounds under the President’s command (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). The army and the Philippine Constabulary seized weapons and disbanded private armies controlled by prominent politicians and other influential figures (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Marcos took control of the legislature and closed thePhilippine Congress (Proclamation 1081 and Martial Law). Numerous media outfits were either closed down or operated under tight control (Proclamation1081 and Martial Law). Marcos also allegedly funnelled millions of the country’s money by placing some of his trusted supporters in strategic economic positions to channel resources to him. Experts call this the “crony capitalism.”

MARTIAL LAW LIFTED  

In preparation for Pope John Paul II's visit, Marcos lifted martial law on January 17, 1981. Nonetheless, Marcos pushed through legislative and Constitutional reforms to ensure that he would retain all of his extended powers. It was purely a cosmetic change.

ACHIEVEMENTS 

Although they branded former President Marcos as a dictator, corrupt, human rights violator by his enemies, we cannot deny all the achievements that he had done during his 20 years of service in the Philippines. Even though they try to combine all the achievements of his successors on the seat, no one can beat his record. Because he was one of the few Presidents who really had compassion towards his country.

List of Achievements 

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Cultural Center of the Philippines - Established through Executive Order No. 30 s. 1966 by President Ferdinand Marcos, the CCP provides performance and exhibition venues for various local and international productions at its 62-hectare (150-acre) complex located in the Cities of Pasay and Manila. The Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas (Folk Arts Theater) - Famous concerts are usually staged in this covered amphitheater which has a seating capacity of 8,458 with ten sections. More commonly known by its original name of Folk Arts Theater Philippine International Convention Center

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This state-of-the-art convention center located in the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex in Pasay, Metro Manila, has been the host of numerous local and foreign conventions, meetings, and social affairs People’s Park in the Sky - Built in 1981 during the Marcos regime, it was to serve as a guest house for then U.S. President Ronald Reagan who was set to visit the Philippines. Philippine Heart Center - Originally named as Philippine Heart Center for Asia , the Philippine Heart Center in Quezon City was established through Presidential Decree No. 673 issued by President Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1975. Lung Center of the Philippines - Under Presidential Decree No. 1823 by President Ferdinand Marcos, the Lung Center of the Philippines was established on January 16, 1981 to provide health care that specifically targets lung and pulmonary disease. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute - Formerly known as the National Kidney Foundation of the Philippines, the institute was established on January 16, 1981 as tertiary referral hospital that also offers voluntary blood services. San Juanico Bridge - A Part of the Pan-Philippine Highway, the San Juanico Bridge stretches from Samar to Leyte across the San Juanico Strait in the Philippines.

FALL OF DICTATORSHIP 

The main factor that led to the downfall of the Marcos regime was the overwhelming authoritarian corruption, despotism, nepotism, political repression, and human rights violations occuring in his cabinet during the last years of his presidency. One very important event was the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr., the leader of Marcos' oppostion. Marcos' and his government was charged with the assassination. And this event sort of opened the eyes of the Filipino people. Upon pressures from the public and foreign allies, Marcos ordered a snap election where he ran against Benigno Aquino Jr.'s wife, Corazon Aquino. This acted as the catalyst to the People Power Revolution, and in the end, Corazon Aquino proved victorious.

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After that, he was thrown out of the country. Allegedly, Marcos embezzled billions of dollars from the Philippine treasury. Some sources say that aiport security found bricks upon bricks of gold in his luggage that he stole from the Philippines. Unfortunately, the Philippines is still dealing with the debts incurred from his presidency even though it has been more than twenty years since his downfall.

IMELDA ROMUALDEZ MARCOS

EARLY LIFE 

Born on July 2, 1929, in Manila, the capital city of the Philippines, Imelda Marcos is best known as the former first lady of the Philippines. First, however, she was Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez, the oldest daughter of a lawyer and a homemaker. She grew up with her five younger siblings and several older half-siblings from her father's first marriage.

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Marcos experienced a number of hardships at a young age. She lost her mother to pneumonia when she was 8, and her father's law practice fizzled out around the same time. He then moved to the family to Tacloban in Leyte, his home province. The family continued to struggle financially. A skilled vocalist, Marcos attended an all-girls school called Holy Infant Academy in Tacloban.

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She came back to Manila in 1952 during the regime of President Quirino and stayed in the house of her relative, Danieling Romualdez, who was a formidable politician and the Speaker Protempore of the Lower House of Congress. Danieling Romualdez did not have children on his own but had adopted three orphans. According to the book The Untold Story of Imelda Marcos by Carmen Navarro-Pedrosa, her status in the house of Danieling Romualdez was "higher than servants and lower than family members as a poor relative". During her father's visit to Manila, she worked as a salesgirl in a store called P. E. Domingo where Vicente Romualdez was infuriated at Eduardo Romualdez

(the Chairman of Rehabilitation Finance Corporation) and Danieling Romualdez because Vicente thought that his two nephews were "selling his daughter". FIRST LADY 

In April 1954 she met Ferdinand Marcos, then a 36-year-old congressman who had already earned a reputation as an ambitious and media-savvy politician. The couple married after a whirlwind two-week courtship. Over the next decade Ferdinand and Imelda established themselves as one of the premier political couples in the Philippines.

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In 1965 Marcos was elected president of the Philippines, and Imelda proved to be an invaluable asset. Her glamour initially had broad appeal, and she oversaw numerous beautification projects in Manila. The declaration of martial law during Marcos’s second presidential term, however, signaled a change in the domestic political climate. Although Imelda remained an asset abroad, opposition politicians characterized her as a drain on the national treasury and a proponent of nepotism during her appointments as governor of Metropolitan Manila (1975–86) and minister of human settlements and ecology (1979–86).

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While many Filipinos lived in poverty, Imelda Marcos became known for her lavish spending. She traveled to New York City and other destinations to buy expensive fashions, high-end jewelry and other luxury items. Marcos had to have the finest of everything for the presidential residence—the Malacañang Palace. But all of this splendor was gained at the cost of the Filipino people. It is believed that the Marcos family and their cronies took billions from the country's coffers.

Contemporary Politician  A first lady no longer, Marcos has struck out on her own as a political force. She won her first election since returning from exile in the mid-1990s, serving as a member of the country's House of Representatives for several years. In 2010, she won election to become the representative for Ilocos Norte province, the area where her late husband was born and where the Marcos family still wields political clout. Two of her children are in politics as well. Her daughter Imee won the post of governor of Ilocos Norte in 2010, and son Ferdinand Jr. was elected to the national senate that same year.

MARIA IMELDA JOSEFA R MARCOS Most widely known as Imee Marcos, is a Filipino politician who has been Governor of Ilocos Norte since 2010. She served three terms as Representative of the 2nd District of Ilocos Norte in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1998 to 2007. She formerly belonged to the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan or KBL political party, the same party that supported her father, President Ferdinand Marcos. Subsequently she joined the alliance of the Nacionalista Party of Manny Villar in support of her mother and her brother. She is the sister of Ilocos Norte Senator Ferdinand Marcos, Jr., who replaced her as the Representative for the 2nd District of Ilocos Norte. BIOGRAPHY 

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Marcos, who turned 10 the day after her father was elected president in 1965, grew up as a young child at Malacañan Palace, the official residence of the president of Republic of the Philippines. In an interview with Filipinas Magazine in 1999, she admitted that she was not comfortable living at the Palace because it was too confining, very formal and fixed. She also added that it is not necessarily the most appropriate place to bring up a kid but it was quite nice. Imee became the most visible among the three Marcos children when she returned to the Philippines. She was chairperson of the Kabataang Barangay or youth organization. Back in Manila, Marcos earned her Bachelor of Laws from the University of the Philippines College of Law in Diliman, Quezon City were she study as a scholar all throughout her school days, she also graduated as summa cum laude. Then, she earned her M.A. in Management and Business Administration from the Asian Institute of Management in Makati Imee Marcos is the most vocal defender of martial law and her father, the late Ferdinand Marcos. In her most recent pronouncements, she said: "The best roads and bridges were built during martial law. Even the movies then were very good."

FERDINAND R. MARCOS JR. BIOGRAPHY 

Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. was born on September 13, 1957, to then Representative Ferdinand E. Marcos and Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez. He studied in Institucion Teresiana and La Salle Greenhills in Manila, where he obtained his kindergarten and elementary education, respectively.

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Nicknamed 'Bongbong', Marcos starred in his father's true-to-life story film, Iginuhit ng Tadhana, as himself, along with Vilma Santos as his sister Imee Marcos, Luis Gonzales as his father and Gloria Romero as his mother.The film was released before the 1965 Philippine Elections in which his father, who was senator at that time, was elected President of the Philippines.

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Ferdinand “Bongbong” Marcos Jr. has achieved a distinguished career in government, having served in several positions in both the executive and legislative branches of government. For the past 25 years, he has been active in public service, and has always kept his focus on serving the Filipino people.

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From 1998 to 2007, Bongbong served as Governor of Ilocos Norte, where he served for three consecutive terms. During his tenure, he transformed Ilocos Norte into a first-class province of international acclaim, by showcasing its natural and cultural destinations. It was also during his stewardship that Ilocos Norte pioneered wind power technology which, to this day, serves as an alternative source of energy not only for the needs of his province, but for the other parts of Luzon as well.

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Bongbong attended the Wharton School of Business, University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, USA, where he has earned units towards a Masters in Business Administration degree. He also completed his undergraduate studies in Oxford University in England graduating with a Special Diploma in Social Studies.

IRENE MARCOS 

is the third child of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos.

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She and her mother and brother have moved for the reversal of the Sandiganbayan's decision to forfeit in favor of the government all assets, investments, securities, properties, shares, interests, and funds of Arelma Inc. being managed by Meryll Lynch Asset Management in New York.

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Irene Marcos Araneta was named in the Panama Papers,along with her husband, Gregorio Maria Araneta III,her sister Imee Marcos Manotoc, and her nephews Fernando Manotoc, Matthew Joseph Manotoc, and Ferdinand Richard Michael Manotoc.

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NONES,MONICA CHRISTIANNE M. AT701E