Fall Semester Final Targets

World History Pre-AP – Duez NAME________________________________ PD: Fall Semester Final Review Time: 1 Week

Chapters: 1 and 2 Early Man & Early Civilizatio ns

Student-Friendly Learning Target Statements Describe the nature of human life during the Old Stone Age. Explain the methods scientists use to uncover early human existence. How does farming free up a human being’s time versus hunting and gathering? What kind of occupations are possible once more time is available to a given society? How does the development of agriculture facilitate the development of cities? Explain how the roles of men and women changed from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age. • Mesopotamia—the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers—was the birthplace of several of the earliest known civilizations. Rainfall was sparse and unpredictable, but occasional floods had deposited layers of fertile silt. • Irrigation and drainage techniques made regular farming possible; food supplies prompted social and economic changes that led to the emergence of civilization. Compare and contrast two early civilizations. How are they similar and different? Use the six characteristics of a civilization and our P-E-R-S-I-A ideas to assist you. Donald Johanson Louis B. and Mary Leakey Homo Sapiens • • • • •

Homo Sapiens Sapiens

Chapter: 4 Ancient Greece

Paleolithic Age

Homo Erectus Neaderthal Neolithic Revolution 6 Characteristics of Fossils Prehistory Civilization Thermo luminescence Anthropology Radio Carbon Dating dating Pharaoh Ziggurat hieroglyphics Mesopotamia Darius Nebuchadnezzar Cyrus the Great Theocracy Cuneiform Hammurabi Hieratic script Ten Lost Tribes Sumerians Akkadians Assyrians • Understand the geography of Ancient Greece and how it impacted the development of the civilization. • Explain the parts and functions of an Ancient Greek city-state • Explain Homer’s impact on Greek civilization. • Compare the roles of women in different Greek city-states. • Describe what constitutes a “Spartan” lifestyle. Compare and contrast the culture and lifestyle of Athens and Sparta. If you had a choice between the two, where would you want to live? Explain your answer. Homer Alexander the Great Eratosthenes Socrates Philip II Oligarchy Aristotle Plato Democracy Odysseus Pericles Thermopylae Herodotus

Thucydides

Hellenistic Era

Macedonia

Iliad

Cleisthenes

Battle of Chaeronea

Mycenaean

Ionian

Athens

Odyssey

Sparta

• Chapter: 5 The Roman Empire

Australopithecines

• •

Explain how the geography of Italy, The Mediterranean Area, and Rome led to the development of early Rome. The narrow Italian peninsula was an important crossroads, and farmland was plentiful. Rome itself was strategically situated inland on hills along the Tiber River. In the late sixth century the Romans overthrew the Etruscan kings based north of Rome and established a republic. Wealthy patrician landowners in the Roman Senate dominated the early republic. Link the three Punic Wars and understand their importance to establishing Rome as a

world power. From Republic to Empire: By the second century B.C., a few aristocrats dominated the Roman state. Meanwhile, many small farmers could no longer compete and became landless poor. Some leaders called for land reform to address the problem. • The Roman Empire expanded its borders until, at its height, it had a population of more than 50 million. Trade and commerce thrived, but farming remained the chief occupation. • After Civil War, The First Triumvirate placed power in the hands of three wealthy generals. One of these generals, Julius Caesar, marched on Rome with his troops, and eventually he was declared dictator. Caesar's rule ended in his assassination. Do you believe the United States of America will fall one day, just as the Roman Empire did? Compare the factors that led to the fall of Rome with possible scenarios where the United States of America could collapse. Etruscans Three Virtues (Duty, Cincinnatus Republic Courage, Discipline) Horatius Apennine Livy Hannibal Spartacus Patricians Plebians Praetors Consuls Marc Antony Triumvirate Laity Clergy •

Chapters: 9 & 10 The Middle Ages

Chapters: 7, 11, & 13 Africa, The Americas, & European Explorers

Virgil

Roman Senate

Julius Caesar

Nero

Theodosius the Great

Constantine

Edict of Milan

Visigoths

Octavian

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A new political system emerged in Europe after Charlemagne’s time called Feudalism Understand the diagram of the Feudal System – Kings, Lords, Knights, and Serfs The High Middle Ages are a time period where reforms were made to the Feudal System and centralized states and governments emerged. • The Magna Carta recognized the rights of nobles and created a system of checks and balances on the king’s power • The codification of Roman law became the basis for a new system of law in Europe. • Parliament emerges in England which gives the people more power and check’s the King. • During the 14th and 15th centuries Europe encountered many problems: Black Death (Bubonic Plague), 100 Year’s War, and the decline in the power of the Church. • 38 Million People died in Europe alone over a 4 year period; Italian port cities were hit the hardest. • The Religious Crusades impact Europe by collapsing the feudal system of protection and giving rise to individual states (Portugal, England, Spain, and France) Explain the rise and fall of the Feudal System. What caused this system to emerge in Europe after the fall of Rome? Why did it collapse? What impact did the Feudal System have on Europe? Carolingian Renaissance Vassal Chivalry Fief

Vassalage

Magna Carta

Feudal Contract

Bourgeoisie

Black Death

Joan of Arc

Hundreds’ Year War

Charlemagne

Clovis Knights Manor 3 Estates Serfs Monk Infidels Scriptoria Missionary • The arrival of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century brought diseases against which the native Americans had no immunity. Devastated by these diseases, the Aztecs were defeated by the Spaniards, who then destroyed much of Aztec civilization. • The explorations of the fifteenth century led to expanded European power and a sharp increase in trade. Colonization, a dramatic growth in the slave trade, and the spread of Christianity were among the consequences of European expansion. • The European conquest was primarily a biological one. Explorers and colonists brought a wide range of deadly communicable diseases directly from crowded European cities. • Slavery, which had been practiced in Africa since ancient times, saw a dramatic rise in the sixteenth century. Many of the slaves were sent to Brazil and the Caribbean to work on

sugarcane plantations. Understand the motivating factors behind why European explorers would risk so much to journey to new lands. • Determine and explain the difference between the two separate routes and philosophies of the Portuguese and Spanish explorers. • Explain the impact of the Treaty of Tordesillas on the development of the “New World.” Describe the pattern of triangular trade that developed in the 1500s. Be sure to explain the types of products and resources that moved in this first world trading system. What was the impact of “triangular trade?” Africa’s Climate Zones Kush Axum Ghana Matrilineal Inca Griots Mansa Musa MesoAmerica Aztec Inuit Anasazi Mayan Hopewell Moundbuilders Iroquois Quipu Quetzalcoatl Vespucci Conquistador Magellan Da Gama Columbus Mercantilism Middle Passage 3 G’s Gold Coast Ghana King Ezana Cape of Good Hope Mali & Songhai •