Facts & Myths Of Nuclear Energy, Ned Xoubi 2008

Facts & Myths of Nuclear Power Plants Dr. Ned Xoubi

‫الدكتور نضال الزعبي‬

Facts & Myths of

Nuclear Power Plants

‫الدكتور نضال الزعبي‬ Dr. Ned Xoubi Commissioner for Nuclear Fuel Cycle Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

Symposium on the Technology of Peaceful Nuclear Energy October 14-16, 2008 Irbid - Jordan

Facts or Myths








The whole world is closing NPP, So why are we building it ? Law of nuclear power - 10% or less of electrical grid size It will contaminate our water and kills the fish Needs a lot of water (need for drinking) Public will be exposed to a huge amount of Radiation The West will Disassemble their NPPs and send it to us We will become a Radioactive waste dump

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Reactors Operating in 2008 Fact 943 Reactors are being operated around the world






284 Research Reactors in 56 Countries 220 reactors power over 150 ships and submarines 439 Power Reactors in 30 countries

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Operating Reactors around the World

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Reactors Under-Construction in 2008 36 Reactors are being built today around the world







36 Reactors are under construction in 12 Countries 97 Reactors are planned in 17 countries

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

NPPs are built on Beaches & Lakes, Rivers Belgium Switzerland

United States of America Lake Michigan

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

‫أثبتت الطاقة النووية أنھا طاقة آمنه‪ ،‬وبأنھا حقا ً صديقة البيئة‬ ‫‪Nuclear Energy is Safe and Environmental Friendly‬‬ ‫‪France‬‬

‫سويسرا‬

‫‪Jordan Atomic Energy Commission‬‬

‫     ‬

‫من بحيرة‬ ‫متشيغان ذات‬ ‫المياه العذبة‬ ‫واألسماك ومصدر‬ ‫مياه الشرب‬ ‫لماليين األمريكيين‬ ‫إلى غابات‬ ‫بريطانيا ومزارع‬ ‫أسبانيا إلى السويد‬ ‫وسويسرا وألمانيا‬ ‫وفرنسا وحتى‬ ‫شواطئ اليابان‬

‫ألمانيا‬

‫‪Germany‬‬

‫‪Spain‬‬

‫‪xoubi‬‬

‫مصادر اإلشعاعات النووية‬ Less than 1% of exposure is due to the generation of electricity in nuclear power plants %٣ ‫الطب النووي‬ %٨ ‫األشعة الكونية‬

%٢ ‫منتجات استھالكيه‬ %١ ‫مصادر اخرى‬

%٨ ‫التربة والصخور‬

%٥٦ ‫الرادون؛‬ %١١ ‫الغذاء والماء؛‬

‫أشعة أكس الطبية‬ %١١ Background Sources, US Average Annual Dose (360 mrem) xoubi

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Average Annual Dose from Natural Radiation

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Comparative Radiation Doses (mSv/yr) Typical Background radiation experienced by everyone

2-3

Average dose to US nuclear industry employees

2.4

Exposure by airline crew flying the NY – Tokyo polar route

9

Maximum actual dose to Australian uranium miners

10

Limit (averaged) for nuclear industry employees & U miners

20

Natural background levels in several places in Iran, India and Europe

50

For Doses below 100 mSv per year, there is no available scientific evidence indicating any cancer risk or immediate health effects xoubi

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Types of Operating Power Reactors Reactor type

Main Countries

No.

Fuel

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

US, France, Japan, Russia

264

enriched UO2

water

water

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

US, Japan, Sweden

94

enriched UO2

water

water

Canada

43

natural UO2

heavy water

heavy water

UK

18

natural U (metal), enriched UO2

CO2

graphite

Light Water Graphite Reactor (RBMK)

Russia

12

enriched UO2

water

graphite

Fast Neutron Reactor (FBR)

Japan, France, Russia

4

PuO2 and UO2

liquid sodium

none

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor 'CANDU' (PHWR) Gas-Cooled Reactor (AGR & Magnox)

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Coolnt Modrtor

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Electricity Production Cost

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Cost Projections for OECD nuclear

coal

gas

Finland

2.76

3.64

-

France

2.54

3.33

3.92

Germany

2.86

3.52

4.90

Jordan Current Cost (2008)

Switzerland

2.88

-

4.36

6 cents/kWh Gas Burning Plants

Netherlands

3.58

-

6.04

18 cents /kWh Oil Burning Plants

Czech Rep

2.30

2.94

4.97

Slovakia

3.13

4.78

5.59

Romania

3.06

4.55

-

6.8 cents/kWh Gas Burning Plants

Japan

4.80

4.95

5.21

10.3 cents /kWh Oil Burning Plants

Korea

2.34

2.16

4.65

USA

3.01

2.71

4.67

Canada

2.60

3.11

4.00

OECD electricity generating cost projections for year 2010 on - 5% discount rate

USA Current Cost (2007)

1.76 cents /kWh Nuclear Plants

US 2003 cents/kWh, 40 year lifetime, 85% load factor. Jordan Atomic Energy Commission xoubi Source: OECD/IEA NEA 2005.

      US 2003 cents/kWh, Discount rate 5%, 40 year lifetime, 85% load factor. Source: OECD/IEA NEA 2005.

‫‪Uranium‬‬ ‫اليورانيوم من العناصر الموجودة في الطبيعة‬ ‫يتألف اليورانيوم الطبيعي من ثالثة نظائر‪:‬‬ ‫)‪(U238) (U235) (U234‬‬ ‫اكثر من ‪ ٩٩%‬من اليورانيوم الطبيعي ھو‬ ‫)‪(U238‬‬ ‫اقل من‬ ‫)‪(U235‬‬

‫‪1%‬ھو من اليورانيوم الطبيعي ھو‬

‫‪ ١‬غرام‬

‫من اليورانيوم )‪ (U235‬يعطي طاقة‬

‫)‪(1MW day‬‬ ‫‪350 Kg‬‬

‫‪8500 Gwh‬‬

‫‪Jordan Atomic Energy Commission‬‬

‫     ‬

‫‪xoubi‬‬

‫‪Nuclear Fuel‬‬ ‫
لتصنيع الوقود النووي يتم تخصيب اليورانيوم‬ ‫
عملية التخصيب ھي زيادة او "اثراء" نسبة‬ ‫اليورانيوم ‪.٢٣٥‬‬ ‫
بقية اليورانيوم )ال نحتاج الية( ھو ما يسمى‬ ‫اليورانيوم المنضب‬ ‫
يستخدم الوقود النووي في المفاعالت النووية‬ ‫
الوقود النووي يأتي في كثير من االشكال‬ ‫واالبعاد‬ ‫‪Jordan Atomic Energy Commission‬‬

‫     ‬

‫‪xoubi‬‬

Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) SNF is Fuel removed from a reactor, after it has reached the end of its useful life It can be reprocessed to produce new fuel (France, UK, Russia, Japan) Or Stored, and then disposed of in a final repository (USA) Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Pool xoubi

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Limitation of The National Grid Size Lithuania Has One Reactor , Producing Over 70% of its total Electricity Since 1992

Armenia Has One Reactor , Supplying 25% - 42% of its total Electricity Since 1996

Slovenia Has One Reactor, Supplying 32% - 39% of its total Electricity Since 1992 Source xoubi, EIA( 2005) xoubi

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Nuclear Energy
Safe, Proven, Reliable, Low-cost supplier of electricity
Available and proven technology
Economic benefits – jobs & economy
Each nuclear plant
Adds over $500 million/year to the economy
Employs ~ 500 – 1500, with an equivalent number of indirect jobs
Waste product is controlled, stored, monitored, protected and regulated
The developed world is moving back to Nuclear xoubi

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission

     

Thank You Questions ?

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Jordan Atomic Energy Commission