Ewaste

E-Fg;igfs; Kidth; f kzp gp v!; #p fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp nfhak;g[j;J}h;

1

E-Fg;igfs; Kidth; f kzp gp v!; #p fiy mwptpay; fy;Y}hp nfhak;g[j;J}h; eP'f ; s; vf;nr":rhf fHpj:Jf;fl;oa o/tp v';nf nghfpwJ+

2

fhdh/ vy;yh ViH Mg;gphpf;fh efuk; nghyj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ/ mf;uh mjd; jiyefuk;/ mJ kiHf;fhyk;jhd; vd;whYk; kiH epd;wgpwF moj;j btapypd; `Rs;= jh';f KoahjpUe;jJ/ ehd;. bjhiytpypUe;j kiy- ,y;iy xU gjpide;jo cau Fd;iw nehf;fp eilnghl;nld;/ mJ Fd;wy;y Mapuf; fzf;fhd bfl;Lg;nghd o/tp. fk;a{l;lh;fspd; jpiufs; rt[z;l; bk@pd;fs;//// vbyf;lu ; hdpf; Fg;igfs;/ gf;fj;jpy; fUk;g[if Zl;lk;/ bks;s thid nehf;fp cah;eJ ; bfhz;oUe;jJ/ gjpide;J taJ tpliyg; igad; eP z ; l ,Uk; g [ j ; j oahy; vhpa[ k ; jP i aj; J}z; o tpl; L f; bfhz;oUe;jhd;/ mjpy; bghpa yhhp lah; vhpe;J bfhz;oUe;jJ/ vhpa[k; jP a pypUe; J bfhj; J f; bfhj; j hf brk;g[f; fk;gpfis ms;sp vLj;J mUfpypUe;J jz;zh P ; bjhl;oapy; nghLfpwhd;/ `c!;=/// !;= b!d;w rj;jj;Jld; brk;gf [ f ; k;gpfs; Nl;ilj; jzpj; J f; bfhz; l d/ ,Jjhd; mtdJ jpdrhp ntiy. o/tp. fk;a{ll ; h;/ fP-nghh;L. Mfpatw;wpd; xah;fis jPapl;Lf; bfhSj;JtJ xah;fspd; jP jLg;g[ gpsh!:l;of; ciw vhpe;J g[ife;J eP';fpaJk; kP j Ks; s brk; g [ cnyhfj; i jg; gphpj;bjLj;J g[nuhf;fUf;F rg;is bra;tJ/ jpdKk; xd;wpuz;L lhyh; fpilf;Fk;/ ,d;@h ,!:nuy;- xU g[nuhf;fh;. Typ';fpshi! ml;#!;l; bra;Jtpl:L. vg;go mtd; g[nuhf;fh; gpiHg;g[ XLfpwJ vd;gij vdf;F tpsf;fpdhd;/ ``,e;j tp@g;g[if c';fSf;F xd;Wk; bra;tjpy;iyah== vd;W nfl;nld; ``X////,e;jg;gi [ f Zf;fpy; g[Fe;jJk; jiyia vd; d nth bra; a [ k ; = = 3

brk;gf [ f ; k;gpfis xah;fspypUe;J gphpj;bjLg;gjw;fhf jiyr; Rikahf ,e;jr;rpWtd; vLj;Jr; bry;fpwhd;/ ,jpy; fhzg;gLk; gpsf;FfSk; xah;fSk; Inuhg;ghtpy; cw;gj;jpahdit/ Ma[s; Kotpy; mJ Mg;gphpf;fht[fF ; te;Jtpl;lJ/

vd; W gpd; kz; i lia xU v~bgf; l ; L f; f hf jl; o f; f hl; o brhd;dhd;/ ``ntz;oabjy;yhk; vLj; J f; bfhz; l gpwF kP j p ,Uf;Fk; rhk;giy vd;d bra;th P f ; s;+== `` rhk;gyh/// mJ kiHapy; 4

fiue; J XotpLk; / // brk; i g ,d;bdhUj;jUf;F tpj;JLntd;== ``c';fSf;F v';fpUe;J ,e;j !:fu ; hg;= g[fs; fpilf;fpd;wd/+== ``fg; g ypy; ruf; F fSld; nl'; f hpy; tUfpwJ/ ,uz; L ifkhwpa gpwF vdf;F tUfpwJ/ ,e; j Chpy; vy; n yhUf; F k;

fhdhtpd; jiyefukhfpa Mf;fuhtpy; jpdKk; ,g;go fUk;gi [ fiaa[k.; fUg;g[ kdpjh; fisa[k; ilahf;!pd;- er;R cnyhfk; fye;j fhw;iwa[k; fhzyhk;/ vbyf;l;uhdpf;!; bghUs;fspypUe;J brk;gf [ ; fk;gpfis gphpj;bjLj;J tpw;gJ ,th;fsJ gpiHg;g/[

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,J mbkhpf;fhtpy; blf;!h!py; fhqk; fhl;rp/ yl;rf;fzf;fhd o/tp/ fk;a{ll ; h; khdpl;lh;fis nrhjid bra;J\ ntiy bra;git. bra;jit vd;gij juk;gphpj;J -ntiy bra;gtw;iw jha;yhe;Jf;F Vw;Wkjp bra;fpd;wdh;/ m';nf mit kypt[tpiy o/tpfshf khw;wg;gLfpd;wd/ gpf;rh; oa{g;ig ntW rl;lj;jpy; khw;wpdhy; ahUf;bfd;d bjhpag;nghfpwJ/ ,Jjhd; bjhHpy;/ mbkhpf;fh.
Fg;ignghLtjpy;iy/ vjph;fhy bjhy; b ghUs; Ma; t hsh; f s; ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;il Fg;ig f; fhyk; vd;Wjhd; brhy;thh;fs;/ ,jw;F Kd; fle;Jnghd ehfhpf';fis mwptjw;F rhl;rpa'; fisj ; njoj; njo fisj;Jg; nghapUf;fpnwhk; ehk;/ vjph;fhy g[ijbghUs; Ma;thsh;fSf;F me;jr; rpukj;ij ehk; bfhLf;ftpy;iy/ `nyz;l; ~gpy; = `FHpepug; g [ j y; = vd; w Kiwiag; gpd; g w; w p vy; y h Fg;igfisa[k; vjph;fhy

gpsh!;lo ; f;


fz;zhog;gug;g[
nghpak;

xU fk;a{ll ; h; jpiuapy; fhzg;gLk; tp@';fs; xt;bthU nfj;njhl;-nu-oa{g; (CRT) khdpl;lhpYk; 4 fpnyh
fk;a{ll ; h; lthpy;
mbkhpf;fh KGtJk; o#pl;ly; o/ tp xyp- xspgug;ghFk;// ey;yh ntiybra; J bfhz; o Uf; F k; giHa otpf;fs; `vf;nr":= nkshtpy; o#pl;ly;fshfj; jpUk;gp tUk;/ me;jg; giHa Fg;igfs; v';nf nghFk;+ Vw;fdnt 25 kpy;ypad; Otpf;fs; Mz;LnjhWk; hpg;ngh; Mfpf;bfhz;oUf; fpd;wd/

fk;a{l;lh; lth; ()

cs;sit

1/ngl;lhp (nyg;lhg;) 2/mfr;rptg;g czh;t[ brkpfz;lf;lh;. rpg; bu!p!;l;lhh; 3/nfgpy; xah;fs;

nfl;kpak;

bghpy;ypak; nfl;kpak;. PVC jP jil bghUs;- g[nuhkpd; 4/kjh;nghh;L ,izg;g[fs; bghpy;ypak; 5/rg;nghh;l;o'; jfLfs; Fnuhkpak; 6/rh;f;a{l; nghh;Lfs; bkh;f;Fhp. PVC g[nuhkpak;.
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rPdhtpy; < Fg;igapd; bfLgpo mjpfkhfnt ,Uf;fpwJ/ &h';fh'; JiwKfj;jpy; epw;Fk; nl';fh; fg;giy X-nu fUtp nrhjpf; f pwJ/ tpjpia kP w p khdpl; l h; f s; flj; j g; g LtJ fz;Lgpof;fg;gLfpwJ/ bry;nghd;fs; ,d;W kdpjh; f spd; me; j !; j ; j pd; rpd;dkhf ,Ug;gjhy; mof;fo mjd; khly;fs; khwpf;bfhz;nl apUf;fpd;wd/ 980 kpy;ypad; bkhigy; nghd;fs; 1995 ,y; g[jpa khlYf;fhf J}f;fp tPrg; gl;ld/ Mz;LnjhWk; 3-4 kpy; y pad; fk; a {l; l h; f s; . nyg; lhg;g[fs; Fg;igfshfpd;wd/ o/ tp. tp/rp/Mh; . khdpl; l h; . bry;~nghd;. kjh;nghh;L vd;W bkhj;jkhf 50 kpy;ypad; ld; EFg;igfs; Mz;LnjhWk; 10

Ftpfpd;wd/ v';nf nghfpd;wd ,j;jid Fg;igfSk;+ ****** E Fg; i gfspy; 80 rjk; me; j e; j ehLfspy; gs; s j; i j epug;gg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd/ kPjKs;s 20 rjk; tsUk; ehLfSf;F fg;gy; lh';fh; Zykhf kypthd tpiyf; F Vw; W kjp bra;ag;gLfpd;wd/ ,wf;Fkjpapy; Kd;dzpapy; epw;git rPdh. Mg;gphpf;fh+ ,e;jpah. ghf;fp!;jhd; MfpaehLfs;/ < Fg;igfis ,e;j ehLfs; ,wf;Fkjp bra;J vd;d yhgk; milag; nghfpd; w d+ vdpy;

6/ rP d h jilbra; t jhy; khdpl; l h; f s; knyrpaht[ f ; F mDg; g g; L fpd; w d/ m'; n f khdpl; l h; oa{g[ f Sf; F g[ J bkUnfw;wg;gl;L kypt[ tpiy o/tp/fshf khw;wg;gLfpd;wd/ bjhHpy; Kiwapy; ,e;j ntiy elf;fpd;wd/ mjpYk; tp@ak; ,Uf; f pwJ/ vbyf;l;uhdpf; fUtpfspy; bts; s p. j'; f k; .
nky; vd;W bjhpfpwJ/ Mdhy; < Fg; i gfspy; j';fk; kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; guthapy;iyna. Tlnt
bfLgpoahf ,Ug;gjhy;. m';bfy;yhk; < fHpt[fs; cs;ns EiHa Kotjpy; i y/ v'; b fy; y hk; fl; L g; g hLfs; gytPdkhf cs;sdnth m';bfy;yhk; mit ld; ld;dhf

epa{ bly; y papy; xU xJf;Fg;g[wr; nrhpapy; Foirj; bjhHpy;nghy fk;a{l;lh; kjh; nghh;LfspypUe;J
EiHfpd;wd/ ***** ngry; fd;btd;@d; vd; g J xU xg; g e; j k; 170 ehLfs; To 1989 ,y; mfpy cyf < Fg;ig fl;Lg;ghL ,izg;ig Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhz; l d/ tsUk; ehLfSf;F < f H p t [ f s h y ; V w ; g l f ; T o a tpghPj';fis vLj;Jr; brhy;yntz;oa bghWg; g [ mtw; w pw; F ,Ue;jJ/ gy tsUk; ehLfSf;F ,e;j xg; g e; j j; j py; jpUg; j p Vw;gltpy;iy/ kWgoa[k; 1995 ,y; ngry; ngd; (BASEL ban) v d ; w g[jpa xg;ge;jk; vGjg;gl;lJ/ ,jd;go Mgj;Jkpf;f f H p t [ f i s ViHehLfSf;F Vw; W kjp bra; t ij jLf;fntz;Lk; vd;gJ/ tUl';fs; gy M f p t p l ; l d / ,Ug;gpDk; mit eilKiwf; F j; j hd; tutpy;iy/ c y f j ; j p d ; i&blf; fUtpfspd; g[ij FHprtf; f hL Mrpa ehLfs; j hd; / rP d htpd; Jiw Kf'; f spd; bfLgpofisa[k; kPwp ,ufrpakhf < fHpt[ f s; me; j ehl; L f; F s; EiHe;J bfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd/ rpy hPirf;fyh; fk;bgdpfs;

rPdhtpy; bla;@$ vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; rf;fiu ts;spf;fpH';F tpahghuKk;.
ViH ehLfspd; jiyapy; Fg; i gfisf; fl; L tjpy; i y/ cjhuzkhf g[nshhplhtpy; cs;s `fphpnal;ot; hPirf;sp'; rp!;l;lk;= vd; w epWtdk; kpfg; b ghpa bjhHpw; r hiyiana < Fg; i gfis kWRHw; r p bra;tjw;fhf fl;o itj;jpUf;fpwJ/ nfhypahj; vd; g J me; j khbgUk; ,Uk;g[g;gy; g{jj;jpd; bgah; / ,uz; L khof; f l; o lk; cauKs;s mjpy; nfj;njhL nu oa[g; khdpl;lh;fs;(CRT). o/tp. fk; a {l; l h; cghpfs; . tprpMh; Kjyhdit jtpL bghoahf;fg;gLfpwJ/ bfh";rk;Tl er;Rg;g[if my;yJ

J}rpfs; fhw;wpy; btspnawhjgo cs;nsna rpiwgpof; g ; g Lfpd; w d/ nkf;dl;. ry;yil. ,ae;jpu Kwk; nghd; w ve; j pu gFjpfspy; cnyhf'; f s; . J}rpfs; . gpsh!; o f; F fs; M f p a t w ; i w g ; gphpj;bjLf;fpd;wd/ ,jd; chpikahsh; nltpl; Zd; W kpy; y pad; lhyh; f s; brytpy; mijf; fl;oapUg;gjhfj; bjhptpf; f pwhh; / ,jpypUe; J btspnaWk; fhw;whdJ btspapy; Rthrpf;Fk; fhw;iwtpl Rj;jkhf ,Ug;gjhf mth; TWfpwhh/ Mz; L f; F 75 kpy; y pad; fpnyh < fHpt[fis hPirf;fps; bra;a Koa[k/; MapDk; ,ijtpl kypthd Kiw ViH ehLfSf;F Fg; i gfisj; js; s ptpLtJ vd;W nltpl; mth;fns brhy;fpwhh;/ ViHehLfspd; fjp vd;dthFnkh vjph; fhyk;jhd; brhy;yntz;Lk;/ 13

M!:l;hpahtpy; mk;!:bll;ld; vd;w ,lj;jpy; fz;ntah; bgy;lo ; y;. eRf;fg;gl;l rh;fa ; {l; nghh;Lfs; ntW Fg;igfspypUe;J gphpj;J ePff ; g;gLfpd;wd/ Vbddpy; ,jpy; bts;sp. j';fk;.
ghf; f p!: j ; j hd; fuhr; r papy; FHe; i j bjhHpyhsp/ rhykd; m!p!$f;F 11 taJ/ fk; a {l; l h; bks! :fspypUe;J cjphp cnyhf ghf';fis gphpj;bjLg;gJ ,td; ntiy/ ,ijtpl Mnuhf; a khd vspa Kiwapy; < fHpt[fis gphpj;J ePff ; f;Tlhj+

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E Mgj;Jfs; fk; a {l; l h; . o/tp/ tprpMh; Mfpa cgfuz'; f s; md; w hl thH;fi ; fapy; Mgj;jpy;yhjitfs;jhd;/ Mdhy; Kiwahf ,tw;iw fHpj;Jf;fl;lhtpl;lhy; ,tw;iwg; nghd;w Mgj;jhd bghUl;fs; ntnwJkpy;iy/ mbkhpf;fh kl;Lk; Mz;LnjhWk; 100 kpy;ypad; bry;nghd;fs;. gj:Jkpy;ypad; o/tp f;fs;. kw;w vbyf;l;uhdpf;!: bghUs;fis Fg;igahf;FfpwJ/ ,tw;wpy; bgUk;gFjp Kiwaw;w tHpapy; cjphpghfk; gphpj;J ePf;f ViHehLfSf;Fr; bry;fpd;wd/ me; e hLfs; gzf; f hu Rfnghf'; f shy; nfty epiyf; F j; js;sg;gLfpd;wd/

cly; eyf;nfLfs;| g[ijf;fg;gl;lhYk;. vhpj:jhYk; < fHpt[fspypUe;J. epyj;jpy; g[Fe;J czt[. mUe;Jk; ePh; Zykhf kdpj clYf;nf tUfpd;wd/ mtw;why; Vw;gLk; jP'F ; fs; 1/
E fHpt[fspd; kWRHw;rp kWRHw;rp bra;tjhy; vj;jid kpd;rf;jp nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gij Btu myfpy; gl;oay; fhl;LfpwJ/ (Btu= Board of Trade unit= 1 KWh)

cnyhfk; 1/ mYkpdpak; lg;ghf;fs; 2/ brk;g[ 3/ !:Oy; lg;gh 4/ nyhbld;rpl;o ghyp vj;jypd;(LDPE) 5/ bgl; (PET.PETE)ghypvjpyPd; blhp jhnyl; (PolyrthyleneTerophalate)

206 83 20 56 53

gpsh!:of; 6/ i& bld;!pl;o ghyp vjpyPd; (HDPE) (ghy; fth;. @hk;g[ ghl;oy; gpsh!:of; igfs;) 7/ fk;a{ll ; h;fs; 8/ fhh;gb ; gl; 9/ fz;zho

51 43 106 7

fhfpjk; 10 nfhUnfl;ll; ml;il 11/gj;jphpf;iffs; 12/jpdrhpfs; 13/~nghd;gf [ ; 14/fhfpjf; Fg;ig

15 1 16 11 10

Mlk;gu ml;ilg; bgl;ofs;| Rj;jk; ntz;oaJjhd; mjw;fhf ntz;o vj;jid ml;ilg; bgl;ofs;/ filapy; ve;j bghUs; th';fpdhYk; mHfhd ml;ilg; bgl;ofspy;jhd; nghl;Lj;jUfpwhh;fs;/ bghl;lyk; fl;Lk; gHf;fnk ,y;iy/ ml;ilg; bgl;ofs; bghUis ghJfhf;fpd;wdnth vd;dnth mit fk;bgdpfspd; tpsk;gukhfj;jhd; mjpfk; bray; gLfpd;wd/ ,uz;L klf;F jz;zh P ; Fog;gjw;Ff;Tl ahUk; FHhapy; lk;shpy; gpoj;J Fog;gjpy;iy vy;yhk; bgl;ghl;oy;fspy; -,it cyfk; g[wht[k; gwf;fpd;wd/

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