Evolution Of Nursing Bullets

6 UNIT I Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future

TABLE 1-1 Historical Events Influencing the Evolution of Nursing Date

Event

4000 BC

Primitive societies

2000 BC

Babylonia and Assyria

800–600 BC

Health religions of India

700 BC

Greece: source of modern medical science

460 BC

Hippocrates

3 BC

Ireland: pre-Christian nursing

390

Fabiola: founded first hospital

390–407

Early Christianity, deaconesses

711

Field hospital with nursing, Spain

1100

Ambulatory clinics, Spain (Moslems)

1440

First Chairs of Medicine, Oxford and Cambridge

1522

Military nursing orders

1600–1752

Deterioration of hospitals and nursing

1633

Founded: Daughters of Charity

1820

Florence Nightingale born

1826

Kaiserwerth deaconesses reestablished

1837

First American college for women, Mount Holyoke

1841

Founded: Nursing Sisters of the Holy Cross

1848

Women’s Rights Convention, Seneca Falls, New York

1854–1856

Crimean War

1859

Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing published in England

1860

First Nightingale School of Nursing, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London

1861–1865

Civil War, United States

1863

Charter granted to the New England Hospital for Women, Boston

1871

New York State Training School for Nurses, Brooklyn Maternity, Brooklyn, New York

1872

New England Hospital for Women: one year program for nurses

AD

America’s first trained nurse, Linda Richards 1873

First three Nightingale schools in United States: Bellevue (New York City), Connecticut, and Massachusetts General

1881

Founded: American Red Cross

1882

Founded: American Association of University Women

1888

Founded: International Council of Women (ICW) Founded: National Council of Women (NCW)

1893

First Nurses’ Settlement House, New York City, founded by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster Founded: first American Nursing Society, American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses (Superintendents’ Society) (continues)

CHAPTER 1 Evolution of Nursing and Health Care 7

TABLE 1-1 (continued) Historical Events Influencing the Evolution of Nursing Date

Event

1896

Founded: National Association of Colored Women

1896–1911

Founded: Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (Associated Alumnae)

1899

Founded: International Council of Nurses (ICN) First postgraduate courses for nurses at Teachers College, Columbia University

1900

American Journal of Nursing (AJN)

1901–1912

Founded: American Federation of Nurses (Federation) Federation Joins NCW and ICW

1903

New York: efforts failed to pass a nurse licensing law North Carolina: passes first state nurse registration law Founded: Army Nurse Corps

1905

Federation withdraws from NCW and joins ICN

1908

National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) Founded: Navy Nurse Corps

1909

Founded: first 3-year diploma school in a university setting at University of Minnesota

1910

Flexner report

1911

Founded: American Nurses Association (ANA), formerly the Associated Alumnae

1912

Founded: National Organization of Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) Founded: National League of Nursing Education (NLN), formerly the Superintendents’ Society ANA represents American nurses at ICN Nutting Report: Educational Status of Nursing Developments in preventive medicine Founded: Town and Country Rural Nursing Service

1913

Founded: National Women’s Party

1916

Founded: National Association of Deans of Women

1920

Founded: National League for Women Voters Congress passes the federal suffrage amendment

1920s

Depression: social programs and health insurance First prepaid medical plan, Pacific Northwest Founded: Bureaus of Medical Services Hospitals offered a prepaid plan Baylor Plan (prototype of Blue Cross) Goldmark report

1921

Women earn right to vote

1922

Studies of institutional nursing

1923

Studies of nursing education (continues)

8 UNIT I Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future

TABLE 1-1 (continued) Historical Events Influencing the Evolution of Nursing Date

Event Founded: Yale University School of Nursing

1926

Burgess report

1933

American Hospital Association endorses Blue Cross

1938

American Medical Association endorses Blue Shield Economic Security Program for Nurses

1940

Cost studies of nursing education and service

1943

Founded: Federal Cadet Nurse Corps

1948

Brown report: Future of Nursing

1953

U.S. Public Health Services Studies in Nursing Education

1955

Practical Nursing (Title III) Health Amendment Act

1956

Hughes study: 20,000 Nurses Tell Their Stories

1960s

Created: Medicare and Medicaid

1961

Surgeon General’s Consultant Group

1964

Nurse Training Act

1965

First nurse practitioner program, pediatric ANA position paper on entry into practice

1966

Educational opportunity grants for nurses

1970

Secretary’s commission to study extended roles for nurses

1973

Health Maintenance Organization Act

1977

Rural Health Clinic Service Act National Commission for Manpower Policy Study

1979

U.S. Surgeon General Report Healthy People

1980

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

1982

Budget cut to Health Maintenance Organization Act Tax Equity Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA)

1983

Institute of Medicine Committee on Nursing and Nursing Education study

1987

Secretary’s Commission on Nursing

1990s

Health care reform

1991

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2000

1997

Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, now known as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, established 12 evidence-based practice centers

2000

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2010