Ethical Relativism
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Ethics ◆ Ethical
Absolutism: one set of moral values applies to all people and cultures Plato • Cultural Relativism: Moral values are relative to one’s culture; there are Sextus no universally held values Montaigne Empiricus
◆ Moral
Skepticism: there are no known absolute moral values: we endorse moral values simply because they are ours J L Mackie
Objections to Ethical Relativism (the belief that no values ought to be applied to all) James Rachels
(Naturalistic Fallacy)
• The existence of moral differences does not justify them (“is does not imply ought”) • We would have to tolerate cruel cultures [but] • Relativism allows for no moral progress • In fact, there are universal moral values that are simply interpreted differently in cultures
Absolutism: one set of moral values applies to all people and cultures Plato • Cultural Relativism: Moral values are relative to one’s culture; there are Sextus no universally held values Montaigne Empiricus
◆ Moral
Skepticism: there are no known absolute moral values: we endorse moral values simply because they are ours J L Mackie
Objections to Ethical Relativism (the belief that no values ought to be applied to all) James Rachels
(Naturalistic Fallacy)
• The existence of moral differences does not justify them (“is does not imply ought”) • We would have to tolerate cruel cultures [but] • Relativism allows for no moral progress • In fact, there are universal moral values that are simply interpreted differently in cultures
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