Esd-history

Low Technology vs. High Technology

“...we must at the outset take note of the countries and climates in which buildings are built.”

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Vitruvius 110BC

“The True basis for the more serious study of the art of Architecture lies with those indigenous humble buildings that are to architecture what folklore is to literature or folksong to music...” ●

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1930

Architecture without Architects...

CLOSED SYSTEMS

Exponential growth in high energy use consumables

In 30 years Residential increased

Energy Consumption

65% Population increased

35%

Sustainable /vernacular architecture diminishes with the availability of increasingly exotic materials and

consumer demand.

client

legislation

Pressures on the form of human settlements have remained constant since 1996 while responses have been inadequate in most respects. -Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 pp.98

The condition of some urban infrastructure is deteriorating, pressures on it are increasing and Government responses have not been fully adequate. -Australia State of the Environment 2001 pp.99

rhetoric=spin Signatory = 'in principal' agreement Party = commits country legally binding

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Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (Brussels, 1964 ) Agreement establishing the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (Apia, 1993 ) Amendment of the Plant Protection Agreement for the Asia and Pacific Region (Rome, 1967 ) Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Art.XI) (Bonn, 1979 ) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal, 1997 ) Amendments to Annexes to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter concerning Incineration at Sea (Torremolinos, 1978 ) Amendments to Articles 6 and 7 of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Regina(Canada), 1987 ) Comprehensive Nuclear Test - Ban Treaty (New York, 1996 ) Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 1972 ) Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (Canberra, 1993 ) Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992 ) Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar, 1971 ) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (New York, 1966 ) International Tropical Timber Agreement (Geneva, 1994 ) The Antarctic Treaty (Washington, 1959 ) Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection (Madrid, 1991 )

signatory ●

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Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (New York, 1995 ) Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (Vienna, 1997 ) Convention to ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous Wastes and Radioactive Wastes and to control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific (Waigani, 1995 ) Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and related Environmental Aspects (Lisbon, 1994 ) Energy Charter Treaty (Lisbon, 1994 ) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( MARPOL ) (London, 1973 ) International Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-going Ships (Brussels, 1957 ) International Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and or Desertification (Paris, 1994 ) Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Vienna, 1997 )

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto, 1997 )

Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the South Pacific Region by Dumping (Nouméa, 1986 ) Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter (London, 1996 ) Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam, 1998 )

By 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national and, where appropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: (i) Such programmes would, inter alia, concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. Furthermore,

adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation to climate change;