Epatiti Introduzione

Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E: An Overview Hepatitis Branch Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Viral Hepatitis - Historical Perspective “Infectious”

Viral hepatitis

“Serum”

A

E

Enterically transmitted

C

Parenterally transmitted

NANB

B D F, G, ? other

Viral Hepatitis - Overview Type of Hepatitis

A A Source of virus Route of transmission Chronic infection Prevention

B B

C C

D D

E E

feces

blood/ blood/ blood/ blood-derived blood-derived blood-derived body fluids body fluids body fluids

feces

fecal-oral

percutaneous percutaneous percutaneous permucosal permucosal permucosal

fecal-oral

no pre/postexposure immunization

yes

yes

yes

pre/postblood donor pre/postexposure screening; exposure immunization risk behavior immunization; modification risk behavior modification

no ensure safe drinking water

Acute Viral Hepatitis by Type, United States, 1982-1993

34% 47% 16% 3%

Source: CDC Sentinel Counties Study on Viral Hepatitis

Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatitis Non-ABC

Estimates of Acute and Chronic Disease Burden for Viral Hepatitis, United States Acute infections (x 1000)/year* Fulminant deaths/year Chronic infections Chronic liver disease deaths/year

HAV HAV

HBV HBV

HCV HCV

HDV HDV

125-200

140-320

35-180

6-13

100

150

?

35

0

1-1.25 million

3.5 million

70,000

5,000

8-10,000

1,000

0

* Range based on estimated annual incidence, 1984-1994.