Enviromental Pollution

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY: AMANDEEP SINGH MANJIT SINGH G.S.S.S,SAHAURAN(MOHALI)

Environmental Pollution Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways that human activity harms the natural environment.

TYPES OF POLLUTION The chief types of air pollution are: 2) Air Pollution 3) Water Pollution 4) Soil Pollution 5) Noise Pollution

AIR POLLUT ION Air is polluted by substances such as fuel exhaust and smoke. Air contains many impurities like dust, smoke, pollen, harmful gases like nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide and particulates..

CAUSE

CAUSES 1. Dust get raised by strong winds, movement of vehicles, sweeping of floors and roads, small particles of dust keep floating in the air. 2. Smoke emitted by the powerhouses factories and automobiles. 3. Garbage from house thrown in the open, pollute air & spreads diseases. 4. Human activities like burning wood, fuel, garbage, crackers & other things cause pollution. 5. Sneezing & coughing.

HARMFUL EFFECTS 1. Some harmful gases in the air, cause headache, dizziness, skin allergies and breathing problems.  These pollutants cause suffocation, asthma, irritation in the eyes, skin disease and allergies.  Global warming is a slow rise in the earth’s temperature.  Some gases like SO2 and NO in the air combine with droplets of rain in the air and they produce acid. It is called acid rain.

OZONE HOLE Ozone is a triatomic oxygen. It is a strong oxidant. There is a complete layer of ozone in the stratosphere, known as ozone layer. Itb protect us from harmful radiationfrom sur. It forms a protevtive layer in upper atmosphere. In 1985, a hole was discovered in the ozone layer. It caused by chlorofluorocarbon. CFC’s are used in refrigerators, air conditioners and to make plastic foam insulation.

Launching ozone balloon , Antarctica

BACK

WATER POLLUTION The contamination of water sources by harmful wastes, sewage, toxic chemicals, oils etc. is called water pollution. It can affect surface water as river, lakes and oceans as well as the water beneath the earth’s surface called ground water. According to the WHO about 5 million people die every year from drinking polluted water.

Causes of water Pollution 1) Factories pollution water by dumping harmful waste into it. 2) Pesticides and other chemical fertilizers also reach water bodies through rain water. 3) Soaps and detergents used in washing are also released into rivers & lakes. 4) Sewage containing human waste and garbage also pollute the water bodies.

Industrial Water Pollution

Oil Spill Clean-up

Harmful Effects Of Water Pollution 1) Polluted water causes many water borne diseases like jaundice, cholera, typhoid etc. 2) Plants & fishes also die in polluted water.

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SOIL POLLUTION It is destruction of the earth’s thin layer of productive soil where much of our food is grown. Any substance that reduce the fertility of soil is known as soil pollutant and the process, as soil pollution.

CAUSE

CAUSES OF SOIL POLLUTION 1. Fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides & other chemicals. 2. Industrial waste like chemicals, fly ash and residues of combustion of solid fuels. 3. Domestic garbage like paper pulp, plastic, rubber, cloth, leather, sand and glass. 4. Air pollutants as compounds of sulphur and lead that eventually mix with soil and pollute it.

SOIL EROSION It is the removal of top, fertile, mineral rich soil layer by water and wind. next

TYPES OF SOIL EROSION Soil pollution can be natural and man made. 1. Natural (or Geological) erosion 2. Man made

Natural Erosion BACK

Man Made Erosion

EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTIONS 1. Loss of productive land. 2. Loss of crop. 3. Reduced yield as fertilizers may also be washed out. 4. It may damage roads, bridges, trees & houses. 5. Soil erosion may spoil small seedlings. 6. It can pollute water sources. NEXT

SOIL CONSERVATION 1. Growing more trees and plants. 2. To reduce the speed of water in hilly areas, step farming is to be used. 4.River can stop erosion of soil by water. 5. Reclamation of land can also control soil erosion. 6. Different crops should be cultivated on land in order to maintain the fertility of the soil. 7. Channels for water movement must be provided to stop soil erosion BACK

NOISE POLLUTION The presence of loud noise in air is called noise pollution.

CAUSE

CAUSES OF NOIE POLLUTION 1. Machines in a factory produce a lot sound and cause noise pollution. 2. Vehicles make a lot of noise when they blow horns. In many countries, blowing horn is not permitted. 3. Loudspeaker, used in functions and meetings also cause noise pollution.

EFFECTS

EFFECTS 1. Noise brings mental fatigue and effects the thinking capacity of a person. 2. Loud noise also affect hearing.