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SUMMARY OF TENSE 1.PRESENT CONTINUES TENSE FUNCTION :  To tell about action happening at the moment of speaking  To tell activity continuing only for a limited period of time  To expres an action which is actually being done at this time Adverb Time : 

Now



Right now



Today



this morning

FURMULATION : ( + ) : Subject ( S ) + Tobe ( Am,is,are ) + Verb ing + Object Ex : I am reading a book ( - ) : Subject (S) + Tobe ( am,is,are ) + Not + Verb ing Ex : I am not reading a book ( ? ) : Tobe ( am,is,are ) + Subject ( S ) + Verb ing Ex : is she eating my cake now ?

2. PAST CONTINUES TENSE FUNCTION :  To describe conditions thatexisted in the past Was : I,She.He,it Were : You,They,we

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FORMULATION : (+) Subject(S) + Be (Was/Were)+Verb ing Ex : I Was Sleeping ( - ) Subject (S) + Be (Was/Were)+ Not + Verb ing Ex: I Was not sleeping ( ? ) Be (Was/Were) + Subject ( S ) + Verb ing Ex : was I sleeping?

3. PAST TENSE Function: 1. To Tell activity in the past: Adverb time : 

Yesterday



Last day



Last week



Last mounth



Last year



This morning



This afternoon



This evening



Two day ago

Was : I,SHE,HE,It,Ani,A cat,A student Were : You,We,They,Ani andtono,Doctors,nurses

FORMULATION: Verbal (+) : Subject (S)+Verb+ Object Ex : A docter cheked patients last day ( - ) : Subject(S) + Did + Not + Verb + Object Ex: A docter didn’t check patient lastday ( ? ) : Did + Subject + Verb + Object Ex : Did a docter check patient last day

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FORMULATION

: Nominal

(+) :Subject (S)+ Tobe (Was/Were)+ Nominal Ex :She was at home last night (-) : Subject(S )+ Tobe (Was/Were)+ Not + Nominal Ex: she was not at home last night (?) : Tobe (Was/Were)+Subject+ Nominal Ex: Were you at home last night

4. PRESENT FUTURE TENSE FUNCTION :  Often called will because, the modal auxillary verb in this sentences is will Adverb Time : 

Tomorrow



Next week



Next time



Next year

FORMULATION :Verbal (+) : Subject (S) + Will/Shall+ Verb 1+ Object Ex : I will go to jakarta tomorow ( -) : S+ Will/Shall +Not + Verb 1+ Object Ex : I will not go to jakarta tomorow ( ? ) : Will/Shall+ S+Verb 1+ Object Ex: Will you go to mall to night?

FORMULATION: Nominal (+) : Subject (S)+ Will/Shall+Be + Verb 1+ Object Ex : I will be at home to night ( - ) : Subject(S)+ Will/Shall +Not +Be + Verb 1+ Object Ex : I will not be at home to night ( ? ) : Will/Shall+ S+ Be +Verb 1+ Object Ex: Will you be at home to night? 3

5. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE FUNCTION :  To tell day activity  To tell activity withaut time  To tell activity that time

ADVERB OF TIME :  Today in the morning  In the afternoon  In the evening  Every day  Every month  Every year

FORMULATION : ( VERBAL ) (+)

: Subjek ( S ) + Verb 1 + Object (O) Ex: She works in hospital every day

(- )

: Subject ( S ) + Do/Does not + Verb 1 +object ( O) Ex: She Doesn’t works in hospital

(?)

: Do/Does + Subject ( S ) + Verb 1 + Object ( O ) Ex: Does she works in hospital every day

FORMULATION : ( NOMINAL) (+)

: Subject ( S ) + Tobe Ex: I am a Nurse

(-)

: Subject ( S ) + Do/Does + Not + Verb 1 + Object Ex : I am not a nurse

(?)

: Tobe + Subject (S) + Nominal Ex: Are you at home ?

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6. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE FUNCTION :  To describe action that began in the past and continues in to the present  To suggest that a past action still has an effect something happening in the present FORMULATION :((Verbal ) ( + ) : Subject ( S ) + Have/ has + Verb 3 + O bject Ex : I have done assigment ( - ) : Subject (S) + Have/has + Not + Verb 3 + object Ex : I haven’t done assigment ( ? ) : Have /has + Subject (S) + Verb 3 + Object Ex : Have you done assigment FORMULATION : ((Nominal ) ( + ) : S + Have/Has + Been + Nominal Ex : I have been at home since afternoon ( - ) : S + Have/Has + Not + Been + Nominal Ex : I Haven’t been a nurse (?)

: Have /has + Subject + Been + Nominal Ex : Have you been a nurse?

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