English Fundamental Part 2 (passive Voice) By Djray

DLS Language Series

Fundamentals Of English Grammar Part 2

The Passive Voice By DjRay

DLanguage STUDIO Langkawi Video Lessons available at www.dlanguagestudio.com

Fundamentals of English (Part2, pg1) Passive Voice 1.1

Basic Structure of a passive sentence :

•

When we speak or write, each sentence should be based on the following structure

Subject Eg : • •

It

Matching verb is

Perfect Verb found

in Langkawi

SUBJECT must always match with the VERB (ie Singular Subject with Singular Verb or Plural Subject with Plural Verb) VERB must always match with Time, which determines PRESENT, PAST or FUTURE Actions

1.2 What is SUBJECT ? • • • •

Object

Subject is either a Noun or Pronoun Subject Noun - Singular Alex, My brother, Mr John Subject Pronoun - Singular He, She, It Subject Pronoun - Plural They, You, We, I

Fundamentals of English (Part2, pg2) Passive Voice 1.3

What is Object ?

•

Object consists of nouns, object pronouns (eg him), verb infinitives (eg to see), adjectives (eg small), adverbs (eg quickly), time (eg yesterday) etc.. It is not always important to determine Singular or Plural noun in Object area, except for sentences using There is, There are etc..

1.4

What is Perfect VERB ?

• • •

There are 3 types of Verbs in English, ie Simple Verbs, Continuous Verb and Perfect Verb Study the 3 verbs below Note : Be sure to differentiate between Simple Past Verbs and Perfect Verbs. (Some of them have the same spelling, but only perfect verbs are used in Passive Voice

Continuous Verb

Simple Verb

taking eating writing breaking buying opening

Plural take eat write break buy open

Singular takes eats writes breaks buys opens

Perfect Verb Past took ate wrote broke bought opened

taken eaten written broken bought opened

Construct a Sentence Present Actions – Passive Voice Subject

am is are

Perfect Verb

Object

It is written

Subject

am is are

being Perfect Verb

Object

It is being written

Continuous Verb

Simple Verb

writing breaking buying opening

Plural write break buy open

Singular writes breaks buys opens

Perfect Verb Past wrote broke bought opened

written broken bought opened

Construct a Question Present Actions – Passive Voice W

am is are

W

am is are

Subject

Subject

Perfect Verb Object

being Perfect Verb Object

Is it written?

Is it being written?

W = What, Where, Why, Who, When, How, How many, which, whose etc..

Construct a Sentence Past Actions – Passive Voice Subject

was were

Subject

was being Perfect Verb Object were

It was being written

Subject

has have

It has been written

Perfect Verb Object

been

Perfect Verb Object

It was written

Construct a Question Past Actions – Passive Voice W

was were

W

was Subject were

being Perfect Verb Object

Was it being written?

W

has Subject have

been

Has it been written?

Subject

Perfect Verb Object

Perfect Verb Object

Was it written?

W = What, Where, Why, Who, When, How, How many, which, whose etc..

Construct a Sentence Future Actions – Passive Voice Subject

am is are

Subject

*Future verb

going Perfect Verb Object to be

be

Perfect Verb Object

It is going to be written

It will be written

*Future Verb = will, can, must, may, might, should, could, etc…

Construct a Sentence Future Actions – Passive Voice W

am is are

Subject

W

*Future verb

Subject

going Perfect Verb Object to be

be

Perfect Verb Object

Is it going to be written?

Will it be written?

*Future Verb = will, can, must, may, might, should, could, etc…

W = What, Where, Why, Who, When, How, How many, which, whose etc..

DLS Language Series

Glossary Terms Useful for Malay speakers

By DjRay DLanguage STUDIO Langkawi www.dlanguagestudio.com

About Subject Subject is a noun which starts a sentence. A noun becomes a subject when we have to determine whether it is singular or plural Subject adalah katanama yang memulakan ayat. Katanama menjadi subject apabila kita perlu mengetahui samada ia singular atau plural Singularity and Plurality are shown below : Singular office room friend guest

: pejabat : bilik : kawan : tetamu

Plural offices rooms friends guests

: pejabat-pejabat : bilik-bilik : kawan-kawan : tetamu-tetamu

About Articles The, This, That, These, Those • •

The position of articles in Bahasa Malaysia is opposite to English Kedudukan artikel di dalam B. Malaysia dan English adalah bertentangan

• •

Usually, ‘the’ in the last noun is naturally used Biasanya, ‘the’ digunakan pada noun yang terakhir sekiranya tiada artikel lain yang digunakan

• • • •

Singular Noun

Plural Noun

the office the room this guest that guest

the offices the rooms these guests those guests

pejabat itu bilik itu tetamu ini tetamu itu

pejabat-pejabat itu bilik-bilik itu tetamu-tetamu ini tetamu-tetamu itu

Adverbs of Quantity Penjodoh Bilangan The position of adverbs of quantity in Bahasa Malaysia is similar to English Kedudukan kuantiti di dalam B.Malaysian adalah sama dengan English Singular Noun • • • • • • • • • • • • •

a guest seorang tetamu one guest satu tetamu a litte sugar sedikit gula a satu or se_____ a child seorang budak a little sedikit a car sebuah kereta a bottle of sebotol an egg sebiji telur a pencil sebatang pensil a knife sebilah pisau a packet sepaket a cup of coffee secawan kopi

Plural Noun many guests a few guests a lot of people many many a lot of plenty several

ramai tetamu beberapa tetamu ramai orang banyak (for non-human) ramai (for human) banyak/ramai banyak/ramai beberapa

Personal Pronoun Gantinama diri Personal Pronouns (subject) I You He She We They It

Saya Awak Dia Dia Kita / kami Mereka Ia

Personal Pronouns (object) me you him her us them it

saya awak dia / nya dia / nya kita / kami mereka ia / nya

Possessive Pronouns Gantinama kepunyaan Singular Possession

Plural Possession

my car your house his house her house our house their house its kitten

my cars your houses his houses her houses our houses their houses its kittens

kereta saya rumah awak rumahnya / dia rumahnya / dia rumah kita rumah mereka anaknya

The position of possessive pronoun in English is opposite to Malay Kedudukan gantinama kepunyaan English adalah bertentangan dengan B.Malaysia

kereta-kereta saya rumah-rumah awak rumah-rumahnya / dia rumah-rumahnya / dia rumah-rumah kita rumah-rumah mereka anak-anaknya

Preposition Kata arah at on in under beside here there anddan

di di atas di dalam di bawah di sebelah di sini di sana

at to with near nearby from far

pada (used to indicate time) ke dengan dekat dekat dengan dari jauh

Note : In English, we use verb to be such as ‘is, am, are.. etc’ to explain a location of a noun. In Bahasa Malaysia, we can omit ‘to be’ for this purpose, or use ‘berada’ instead Di dalam English, penggunaan ‘verb to be : is, are, am..’ adalah perlu apabila subject bertemu dengan kata arah Eg : Saya di sini or Saya berada di sini

I am here

Days of the week Days of the week

Examples:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

What day is today? Hari ini hari apa? Today is Monday Hari ini Hari Isnin / Hari ini Isnin

Hari Isnin Hari Selasa Hari Rabu Hari Khamis Hari Jumaat Hari Sabtu Hari Ahad

Month of the Year January Januari FebruaryFebruari March Mac April April May Mei June Jun July Julai August Ogos September September October Oktober November November December Disember

Month = Bulan In English we say : What month is it? In BM, it is asked this way : What month is this month? Bulan ini bulan apa? This month is June Bulan ini Bulan June Note : ‘is’ is not translated

Present & Past Sekarang dan Selepas Present Action Now Everyday Always Usually Sometimes Seldom Once in a while Often

Past Action sekarang setiap hari / hari-hari selalu biasanya kadang-kadang jarang-jarang sesekali kerap/selalu

Just now tadi Yesterdaysemalam This morning pagi tadi Last Night malam tadi Last weekminggu lepas This afternoon tengahari tadi Last time dahulu Last month bulan lepas

Future Belum berlaku / Akan datang Future Action Tomorrow Next week Next month Next time Later

esok minggu hadapan bulan hadapan lain kali sebentar lagi

Note Morning Afternoon Evening

is used from 12.00am – 11.59am is used from 12.00noon – 6.00pm is used from 6.01pm – 11.59pm

Interrogatives Kata tanya What? Where? Why? When? Who? How?

Apa? What car? Kereta apa? Di mana? Which car? Kereta mana? Kenapa?Whose car? Kereta siapa? Bila? How many? Berapa? Siapa? How much? Berapa? Bagaimana? How many cars? Berapa buah kereta?

How to indicate ‘The Hours’ Cara mengguna Masa •

What time is it now?

• •

It is 1 o’clock (pm) It is 7.30 in the morning

•

It is 3.10 in the afternoon

•

It is 8.12 in the evening

•

It is 8.15 in the evening

Sekarang pukul berapa? / Sekarang sudah pukul berapa? Pukul satu tengahari Pukul tujuh tiga puluh minit pagi / Pukul tujuh setengah pagi Pukul tiga sepuluh minit petang (considered evening) Pukul lapan dua belas minit malam ( considered night) Pukul lapan lima belas minit malam / Pukul lapan suku malam

Conjunction Kata hubung Beginning or middle of a sentence and and then when while mean while even though but before after before that after that if how what where when when

usually middle of sentence

dan whereas selepas itu which semasa who semasa that sementara itu walaupun tetapi / tapi sebelum selepas sebelum itu selepas itu sekiranya / kalau bagaimana apa yang dimana bila (indicating time) apabila (not indicating time)

di mana yang yang yang

Note : • Most conjunctions are used to join sentences. • Some can be used at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, but some can only be used in the middle.

End English Fundamentals Part 2 The Passive Voice Also available : DLS English Fundamentals Part 1 DLS English Fundamentals Part 3 DLS English Exercises DLS Malay Fundamentals DLS Malay Exercises Video Lessons are available at

www.dlanguagestudio.com