English For Degree Class 3

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 1

ENGLISH FOR DEGREE

CLASSES *[[Chapter 1 - A Traffic Nightmare]] *[[Chapter 2 - Gentle Giants]] *[[Chapter 3 - The Age of the Probot]] *[[Chapter 4 - The Door Swings Open]] *[[Chapter 5 - How to Study?]] *[[Chapter 6 - The Tripods]] *[[Chapter 7 - The Great Jewel Robbery]] *[[Chapter 8 - London Road]] *[[Chapter 9 - Early Autumn]] *[[Chapter 10 - Charles]] *[[Chapter 11 - The Man who had No Eyes]] *[[Chapter 12 - Plan of Attack]] *[[Chapter 13 - The Story of an Hour]] *[[Essays]]

Chapter 1 - A Traffic Nightmare Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

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Summary: The people living on Beach Road strongly protest due to the traffic problem, which has made their lives miserable. One Beach Road was one-way road but now two-way road has been made here, the load of traffic has also been increased. These changes were made only last Saturday. These new changes have produced difficulties. Especially the students are facing great difficulties in crossing the roads because there are a number of schools on this road. Parents are also facing problems in picking and dropping there from schools. All the traffic South to North is passing from Beach these days. The residents have to wait a longtime to cross the road. The Government authorities said that these changes have been introduced to make betterment in the traffic. When they heard the news of protest they paid no attention and expected it could be die down soon. They also refused to install any traffic signals or a Zebra crossing, or an overhead bridge. The Government said that they were monitoring the situation and hoped that the situation would become normal again as the people of this area got used to the new reality. The committee of the Beach Road associations is arranging a meeting to discover the way o fulfillment of their demands or to press the authorities for the cancellation of these new traffic arrangements. We will have to wait and see where this situation leads to. The situation is under control and no incident has taken place yet. We hope that problems facing by the residents of Beach Road will be solved soon and peacefully.

Difficult Words: Protest ---------------- disapproval, to object Squeezed --------------- exert pressure, to force Hitherto --------------- untile this time, up to now Inconvenient ----------- causing trouble, difficulty Inhabitants ------------ person who lives in a place Monitor ---------------- person or device for checking, watch closely Install ---------------- place in position Die down --------------- become fewer Pedestrian ------------- person who goes on feet

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

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Question and Answers: Q.1 why are the residents of Beach Road protesting against the new traffic arrangements? Ans. The residents of Beach road are protesting against the new traffic arrangements because they were facing great difficulties due to them. This road used to be one-way and there was very light traffic on this road. Now the situation has become completely changed. It has been turned into two-way road and heavy traffic is passing from here. Q.2 Why are parents and their children facing problems in picking and dropping? Ans. There are many schools on this road. Parents are facing problems in parking. The students are having great difficulties in parking. The students are getting late for schools. It has also become very risky for the younger students to go to their schools. Q.3 What are the reasons that authorities are not paying any attention to the citizens? Ans. The authorities do not have any resources to provide any facility to the citizens. They have the opinion that the protest will be die down soon. Q.4 What are the citizens doing for press there demands? Ans. The citizens are doing their best to press for their demand. They are conducting meetings, processions, press conferences and sending their delegates to the concerned authorities. Q.5 What evidence is there to show that the residents of Beach Road are against the new traffic arrangements? Ans. The residents of Beach Road are against the new traffic arrangements and it is obvious due to their protest against it through holding meetings, processions, press conferences and sending their delegates to the concerned. Q.6 What do you think the conclusion will be? Ans. The conclusion will be the same it always happens in developing country like Pakistan. The authorities do no pay any attention to the citizen’s demands and protest. The officers consider themselves as master and people as their slaves.

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

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Chapter 2 - Gentle Giants Summary: There are many misconceptions about the nature and life style of Gorillas. Gorillas are considered to be ferocious and tenacious creatures, they are, in fact, gentle and tender. It was due to some images of them in which they looked beastly that made people scared of them. An American explorer published a book about hunting of gorillas in the African jungle. He produced a photograph of an injured gorilla standing on the body of a hunter in a very aggressive style. Hollywood made a film "King Kong" in 1930 making as a terror to people. Gorillas are not hostile to man. They are vegetarians; they do not attack on other animals. They look after their children with great care and are loving creatures. They only show their anger and fierce whey they are attacked or treated badly. They also become hostile when they are kept separated in the cages from their families; they even attacked their keeper. The zoological gardens are now treating animals scientifically. They try to provide them the natural environment. The tribute therefore, goes to the zoos, which are taking cares of animals efficiently and affectionately. As a result the animals are behaving themselves. They are inoffensive and non-aggressive. It is pity that the number gorillas are decreasing alarmingly due to the activities of man. Man is cutting forests where they live. Their number is now limited to a few thousand. Man exults in killing them. The wilds life is on the verge of extinction as the natural abode of the animals is disappearing from the globe of the World. To sum up, gorillas, which and rightly called the "Gentle Giant", are also endangered species like other wild life. We should do something for protecting wild life.

Difficult Words: Images ------------------------- pictures, mental pictures

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 5 Offspring ---------------------- child, young Rip ---------------------------- tear Ramp --------------------------- to play about energetically Charge ------------------------- attack Clamber ------------------------ to climb with difficulty Spoiling ----------------------- showing great affection for Enclosure ---------------------- place surrounded by a wall Inoffensive animals ------------ animals that are harmless Dies hard ---------------------- It is difficult to forget Adored grand-children ---------- grand-children that are greatly loved

Questions and Answers: Q.1 What did make the bad reputation of gorillas according to the lesson "Gentle Giants"? Ans. Some pictures in which the gorillas have been shown as wild creatures and in some movies they have been shown dangerous to men made the bad reputation o gorillas. In the book of an American explorer about hunting gorillas contained many pictures in which gorillas are in ferocious state. Q.2 how do gorillas live in the thick forests of Africa? Ans. Gorillas are almost vegetarian and spend their days eating leaves and juicy stems in the thick forest of Africa. Q.3 Describe the nature and behavior of gorillas according to lesson "Gentle Giants"? Ans. Gorillas are not hostile to man and other animals unless they are attacked or treated badly. They also become hostile and fierce whey they are kept separated in the cages from their families. Q.4 How do the gorillas bring up their children? Ans. The gorillas love their children too much. They are vegetarians. They don't attack on other animals. They have kind nature and love specially children. They even try to play and show their mischievous behavior. Q.5 Why did the author David Attenborough want to tell us about gorillas and saying them "Gentle Giants"? Ans. The author David Attenborough wanted to clear the misconceptions and tell the nature of gorillas so he called them "Gentle Giants". In this way the author is trying to convince the readers that the gorillas are big animals but they are not harmful to man and for other animals.

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

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Q.6 What is the procedure that is being used to keep the animals in the zoological gardens? Ans. Scientific methods and techniques are being used to keep the animals in zoological gardens, a natural environment is provided to keep the animals their survival. all the animals are treated with love and become non aggressive. Q.7 what is future of gorillas according to the lesion "Gentle Giants"? Ans. gorillas are becoming endangered in the wild life. No more than a few thousand low land gorillas like jumbo still survive. His slightly bigger, shaggier relatives, the mountain gorilla are now reduced to only few hundred. Man has destroyed the forests on which they depend. The hunting of gorillas becoming common therefore the future of gorilla is in danger.

Chapter 3 - The Age of the Probot Summary: Computer have become a common place thing today and so will become robots in only few year's time. They will change the life style of man living in the modern world of the 21st century. A robot is a kind of machine which works like a man. It is constructed in a shape, which gives a description of man, today computers are being used in every field of life and therefore a computer with a body and moving parts with wheels is called Probot. Hence we can say this is the age of Probot. A personal computer can be changed to a probot doing all the works o household like sweeping, dusting and washing clothes. Besides these, they can also do more difficult jobs like teaching children, making meal in the kitchen, guarding the house and playing with you in the leisure time. Though robots are working in factories, their effects cannot be felt in the society. Robots are beings used in many fields of life such as agriculture and industry. Industrial robots can increase the gross national product of a country. One robot will be able to do the work of at least ten men. oweve they can create the problem of unemployment. However, the probot's influence on the society can be felt at once. The probots work at homes making our lives comfortable, easier, safer and more pleasant. The life will become certainly change in the

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 7 future because of these robots and probots. Now people have a profound slumber as robots are there to guard their houses. The robots sellers demonstrate their potential at their showrooms. Hence we can say shortly that the probots are an example of the exciting advance technology. People using robots do not need a strenuous life style, they become rather easy going and having a lot of spare time at their disposal. They will have more effect on society than any other invention.

Difficult Words: Slumber -------------------- sleep Strenuous ------------------ energetic, needing energy Profound ------------------- deep Demonstrate ---------------- to show by doing practical Portray -------------------- to show, to describe Whisk ---------------------- to move quickly Utopia --------------------- imaginary perfect world Extensive ------------------ very vast Formidable ----------------- difficult Chore ---------------------- piece of routine work

Question and Answers: Q.1 Why computers are becoming common now days? Ans. Computers are helping us in calculation, drawing pictures, keeping the records, making some analysis and so many other purposes. In other words you can say computer is helping us in every field of life, that is why they are becoming so common now-a-days. Q.2 What is probot and what is the difference between a robot and a probot? Ans. A probot is a modified form of personal computer, which is made by fitting some moving parts and wheels of machine in a shape like a man for doing different purposes. Q.3 What household chores can a robot do? Ans. A robot can almost do all the household chores, for example, dusting, washing, cooking, guarding the house, teaching the children and entertaining the people and many more. Q.4 Why can people sleep soundly at their home? Ans. The robot can guard homes efficiently so people can sleep soundly in their homes.

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 8 Q.5 What are the benefits of an industrial robot? What will happen in the world if many robots are started to use in different industries? Ans. Industrial robots are designed to do different kind of works in industries. One industrial robot has ability to do the work of ten men. Industrial robots can increase the gross national product of a country and they can make to do work more easily. If the trend of using so many industrial robots become common in the world then the whole world will be suffered by the dangerous problems of unemployment. Q.6 What type of robot will produce the changes in the standard of living of people? Ans. The type of robot, will produce the great changes in the standard of living of people, is known as personal robot, which is called as Probot. A probot is basically a personal computer with a body and if it is equipped with wheels, is enabled to move from one place to another place. It can do many household works as well.

Chapter 4 - The Door Swings Open Summary: There was a time when women were not allowed to become doctor. This profession only restricted to man. People thought that women were not too strong that could bear the stress to become a doctor. Elizabeth Black was the first lady, American lady, got the admission in a medical college. An influential doctor recommends her for admission. The administrator of the college did not refuse the doctor but they also did not want a female student in their college. They decided to put the matter before students, hoping that her admission will be refused. The college authorities were surprised that the student body approved her admission. Some of the students thought that women should have equal rights. Some of them thought it would be amusing to be the only medical college in the country where a woman doctor Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 9 had been trained. So the vote in favor was carried and the college authorities gave permission to admit Elizabeth n the medical college. Eventually, Elizabeth get the acceptance letter and proceeds in Geneva College. The dean introduced her to all the students in her class. Initially when she came to college they behaved very badly, but after joining the class, the whole situation started changing. The presence of a lady proved that it is beneficial in the discipline of the medical college. Now days women are working side by side with men, women are playing very crucial role in society by joining all sorts of professions and careers.

Difficult Words: Nuisance ------------ person, thing or circumstance causing trouble or annoyance Prevail ------------- 1. (Often folly, by against, over) be victorious or gain 2. Be the more Usual or predominant Offend -------------- 1. Cause offense to, upset 2. Displease, Anger Student Body --------- all student member of college Influential ---------- having great influence Diffident ----------- shy, lacking self-confidence Unanimously ---------- all in agreement (committee was unanimous) Authorities ---------- favoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority

Question and Answers: Q.1 why it is thought that man could be doctor according to the lesson "The Door Swings Open"? Ans. According to the lesson " The Door Swings Open" people thought that women were not too strong that could bear the stress to become a doctor or could carry out their duties properly as doctor. Q.2 How did Elizabeth get admission in the medical college? Ans. An influential and famous American doctor recommended her for the admission in medical college. The administration could not refuse the doctor so they put the matter in front of student union hoping that they would refuse her admission but unfortunately the students gave

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 10 their vote in favor so the administrator of college had to admit her in the medical college. Q.3 Why did college authorities not wish to give an admission in their medical college for a woman? Ans. the college authorities not wish to give an admission in the college for a woman because they were influenced under the traditions of those days that a woman could not perform her duties properly as doctor. Q.4 What was the behavior of the male students when the dean of the college introduced Elizabeth as a female student? Ans. The Dean of the college introduced Elizabeth to her classmates. The class numbering about 150 students was composed largely of young men from neighbouring town. They all become surprised and showed complete silence in the class room. Q.5 What effects did appear in the presence of a woman student among the male students in the medical college? Ans. The male students were rude but after the admission of Elizabeth as a woman student the whole situation was changed. Hence the presence of a lady proved to be more beneficial in the discipline of the college than the rules. Q.6 now days are women treated equally with men in medical colleges or in other professions? Ans. Now a day’s woman is working side by side with men. They are playing very active role in modern society. They are playing an even increasing role in all kinds of careers and professions. In hospitals we can see a lot of female doctors with male doctors working with great devotion and love for their medical profession.

Chapter 5 - How to Study? Summary: People have great misunderstanding about studying. The majority of students have not learnt the rule of practicable working. Most of the students are unaware about the principles of good study. Suppose a graph is plotted between the learning and studying hours for a student in a day. If he does not study, he will learn nothing (point 0). If he studies for an hour, he will learn something (point 1). If he studies for two hours, he will learn two times (point 2). If he studies Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 11 more, he will learn more (point 3). If he studies all the time say about 23 hours a day, he will be almost spent and will remember nothing and will learn far less (point 4). If he studies less, he learns more (point 5). It must have a topmost point, which shows the maximum learning for someone in a day. This is called the optimum or the best learning. It's balance between learning and getting tired also called fatigue. If u neglect and gain less than optimum. There will be exhaustion and loss of concentration. The majority of student's optimum is five hours a day. Taking rest can restore the activeness of the body but changing the subject of taking another variety obtains the relaxation of mind. Mind gets rest by variety. Mind does not rest even in sleep. To rest mind. you can start some other type of work.

Difficult Words: Optimum ------------- best Fatigue ------------- tiredness Crest --------------- highest point Adequate ------------ enough Chip ---------------- cut Relaxation ---------- rest Conserve ------------ save Exhausted ----------- tired, completely used up Accord -------------- agreement Odious -------------- hateful, horrible Prejudice ----------- (unjust) feelings against someone Varies -------------- differ, changes Achieve ------------- get, obtain

Question and Answers: Q.1 Explain the term optimum in the context of the lesson "How to Study"? Ans. The maximum learning for someone in a day, is called optimum. A student should keep this principle of the optimum mind when he feel exhausted, he should sleep and stop reading. Q.2 What is the misunderstanding about study according to the author of the lesson "How to Study"? Ans. There are many misunderstandings about studying. Many students do not know about the principles of studying. The author of the less "How to Study" explains an effective period of study which is generally misunderstood by the student.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 12 Q.3 What are the common misconceptions about studying and how best can we achieve our optimum? Ans. The common misconceptions are listed below: 1. The students study without knowing their most favorable period and effective period for their study, which is called as optimum point. 2. The students cannot know the efficient functioning of mind. 3. Everyone tries to study but totally neglecting his physical approach and mental efficiency We can achieve our optimum by discovering the most favorable period and the function of mind. Q.4 How can you differentiate between the working of mind and working of body? Ans. People generally think that like body mind also gets rest during sleep, but this is a wrong conception. Sleep just gives the rest to body while choosing a variety of work or change of work only does the relaxation of mind. Q.5 How can student realize that he has reached his optimum point? Ans. When the mind is tired, student cannot concentrate on his studies and cannot learn anymore. It is the sign that he has reached his optimum point of his study. Q.6 How is mind compared to a storeroom? Ans. everything is arranged line wise in the storeroom. In the opinion of the author, the mind is like storeroom. Its efficiency depends on the fact that how it is cataloged. When the examinations are near new material should not be attempted because it cannot be assimilated by mind however the revision should be beneficial. Chapter 6 - The Tripods Contents [show]

Chapter 6 - The Tripods Summary: Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

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The Tripods had been ruled over the earth for more than hundred years. They governed simply and effectively by dominating the minds of men. They capped everyone at the age of fourteen. The caps used by the tripods were meshes of silvery metal fitted over the skull and woven into the flesh of their wears. The capping of child took place at the age of adulthood with a ceremony. They considered it a routing thing. The story of tripods has been described and explained in detail by the boy who belonged to the tripods in the languages. He was doubtful about the process of capping, when the capping ceremony was being held with his cousin Jack, he became anxious about his own capping ceremony which was being held done the following years after the ceremony of his cousin. When Ozymandias came to his village, he told the boy a strange story about the tripods. He said that tripods were not the well-wishers of man in fact they were enemies. They ruled over whole planet of earth. Very few people survived on earth found in few places. He also told the boy that he knew such a free man who lived in White Mountains. He asked the boy to join the group who dislike capped men and women. He invited the boy to join him in the journey towards south. Boy's cousin also went with him. Once they fought with a tripod and killed him with a weapon. After the long journey they reached the White Mountains.

Difficult Words: Subdue ---------------- to conquer Defy ------------------ disobey Recruit --------------- people to work Antagonist ------------ rival Oppressor ------------- unjust ruler / disorders Harness --------------- (to a cart) attach a horse Vagrant --------------- tramp Dominate -------------- to be obvious to rule Feast ----------------- large meal

Choose the Correct Answer: For each of the bold words or phrases, two meanings are given. Choose the correct answer. 1. Capping was taken for granted by the young people on earth. a) Welcomed b) Treated as something ordinary 2. Feasting and celebration attended the capping. a) Accompanied b) Followed

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3. I had misgivings about the practice of capping. a) Trust in b) Doubts 4. However, I kept silent because no one ever queried the information of capping. a) Agreed on b) Asked questions about 5. Defying my parents, I spoke to my parents. a) Tricking b) Disobeying 6. He explained that the Tripods were not our benefactors. a) Leaders b) Helpers 7. He said the Tripods were our oppressor. a) Unjust rulers b) Inferiors 8. I agree to journey to the White Mountains while Ozymandias looked for new recruits. a) People to work for b) People to join him

Question and Answers: Q.1 What is one of the changes in behavior mentioned in the passage, that show one is becoming an adult? Ans. One ceased to be a child and began to think for oneself show one is becoming an adult. It usually occurred at the age of fourteen. Q.2 Why did no one ever raise the question of whether capping was right or wrong? Ans. No one ever queried the rightness of capping because for them it was an expected and looked for thing accompanied with feasting and celebration. Q.3 How did the tripods dominate the human mind? Ans. For brain washing the human beings and dominating on their minds the tripods used special type of mashes of silvery metal filled in caps which were closely fixed around the skulls and they were woven into the flesh of the humans. All the boys and girls when attained the age of fourteen years were compulsorily capped and even such a thing was attended by large number of friends and relatives by feasting and celebrations. Q.4 In the world ruled over by the Tripods what kinds of people were called vagrants and how they behaved?

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 15 Ans. Due to some technical defects in capping process some of the people could not by controlled by telepathy. Their mind refused to accept the conditions of the Tripods. They traveled from place to place. They did not remain in one place for a long time. they never looked after by the tripods and even capped human beings also disliked them. These vagrants were building anti-tripods thinking among the capped people so that to over through the tripods. Q.5 What do you know about Ozymandias the vagrant? Ans. Ozymandias was a big, a red haired bearded man. He was a romantic man interested in poetry and singing songs. He was not very intelligent and could not differentiate between sense and non-sense. In true sense he was posing as vagrant so that he could freely travel through the land without being challenged. He wore a bogus cap to cheat the people and the tripods. He openly told the people that tripods were enemies of human beings and they were Alien invaders and not all benefactors of human beings. Q.6 What had probably caused the ruin of great cities? Ans. Some natural calamity such as earth quakes, floods or epidemics caused the ruin of the great cities or they were destroyed in war.

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Chapter 7 - The Great Jewel Robbery Summary: Details of Robbery On 18th June at about 2:50 pm two robbers wearing loose white coats like dentists, covering their faces with Mickey Mouse masks rushed into the main branch of New Era Jewelers at 10 Main Street. One of them was holding a revolver pointed at the staff of the shop. Another had a heavy hammer in his hand. He shouted "hands up or we shot". The armed robber with his hammer smashed the showcase. He took out plastic bag from his pocket and filled it with jewelery worth of a million rupees. Then the dacoit hit with ships and entered the street and tore off their masks jumping into a waiting white Datsun drove away. There was a driver in the car who drove the car. Mr Saigal, the manager of the Jewelery shop chased the running robbers but he failed to see the faces of the robbers and also could not note the number of the white Datsun due to his weak eyesight.

Report of Traffic Census Department: At the time when the robbery was being committed a traffic survey was being conducted in the area of Main Street by Traffic Census Department. The department had set up TV monitors at Bank Road and Ash Lane to record traffic leaving the area and from the film of TV camera it was revealed that on 18th June in the period of 2:46 pm to 3:30 pm only two White Datsun cars left the area bearing license numbers (i) GAL-4926 and (ii) LHE-2197 However by the TV camera set up on Bank Road a third White Van was seen at 2:30 pm. That car was a stolen car which did not leave the area but turned sight from Bank Road and ran along Park Street in the direction of East. Its license number was recorded RIT7868 Police Investigation About the Three White Cars Inspector Azam who was assigned the job to investigate the jewel Robbery had sent his men to make full inquiry of the three suspected white cars spotted in the area of the robbery incident and following information was collected: Datsun Van GAL-4926

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 17 This car was owned by Mr. Masud Hasan. On 18th June he drove it with his friend Mr. Asif Jan to the National Bank and parked the car in the car park opposite to the Bank.

Datsun Van RIT-7868 According to the report of the owner of this car namely Mrs. Eva Chinoy she drove this car with her friend Miss Simi Aziz to the Elegance hair Salon in Main Street and arrived there at 1:30 pm where she dropped Miss Aziz and parked the car in the park opposite and went to Nadim Restaurant to relish a snack. This restaurant is located in Cat Lane round the corner from the Elegance Salon. She added in her statement that she stayed in the restaurant for an hour there and went back to the car park and waited for Miss Aziz who came out at about 3:30 and then she drove back home via Main Street and Main Road. The Car park record proved the arrival and departure stated by Mrs. Chinoy. Report by Detective Niaz As directed by the head of Police investigation team. Inspector Azam and detective Niaz investigated Mr. Asif Jan, Miss Simi Aziz and Mr. Nadim Ismail and provided following information about their whereabouts in the afternoon of 18th-June. (i) Miss Aziz was in elegance Hair Salon from about 1:30 pm to 3:30 pm (ii) Mr. Jan was in the National Bank from about 2:30 pm to 3:30 pm (iii) Miss Chinoy visited the Nadim Restaurant in all afternoon of June 18 and left the restaurant at 2:30pm Consolidation of Investigation Data and Preparation of Situation Chart Mr. Azam put all the data of investigation on a chart on the white board and got a street plan of robbery area. Then he had a detailed comprehensive discussion on the robbery case with his staff and made a list of suspects and decided to hold further questioning to apprehend the real criminals. In this case the prime suspect seems to be Mrs. Eva Chinoy as it is not known as to what she was doing between 1:30 to 2:30 and again between 2:30 to 3:30 on 18th June in the robbery area.

Difficult Words: Postpone --------------- delay Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 18 Detective -------------- a person who investigate Champaign -------------- organized method of working Sufficient ------------- enough Commit ----------------- carry out a crime Compensation ----------- payment for the damage Establish -------------- set up

Question and Answers: Q.1 What sort of evidences the police tries to collect after a crime has been committed? Ans. Police attaches great importance to interview the eyewitnesses who were present at the time at place of committed crime. They as the victims of the crime if they could identify the criminals, if not, whether the eyewitnesses describe the features and appearance of the criminals. The license number car/vans/motorcycles used by the criminals if read by the victims of crime then they should be noted. Next their owners should be located and interviewed. People living in the neighborhood of the spot of crime are also included in the investigation. All such steps are taken to have a clue to lead to hide out the criminals. Q.2 Is it necessary for the police to visit the scene of the crime after the criminals have already escaped? Ans. Whatever degree of intelligence a criminal possesses he/she bound to commit some mistake in his/her haste to escape from the spot of crime. He/she may leave some clue behind which may help police to chase the criminal or by smelling such things by police dogs the way of escaping criminals can be traced. The criminals may leave behind things like handkerchief visiting card or cover of the cartridge used for shooting or some fingerprints etc. Hence the police and detectives should visit the crime spot to find such clues even after the crime. Q.3 What sorts of people are interviewed by Police after crime has been committed? Ans. Police keeps a list of habitual criminal their fingerprints, etc. so to have a clue to trace the criminals. Some such history sheets are interviewed tactfully. Further in interviews the staff of the organization or shop in which crime is committed is included to find out whether the accomplice of the criminals is not a disloyal member of the shop. Sometimes the watchman and other staff members co-operate with criminals in committing crimes so such people have also to be interviewed and interrogated.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 19 Q.4 Why police takes written statements from the people to interview? Ans. Police takes written statements to contract an investigation plan to ponder over and to discuss in order to have a clue to locate the criminals.

Q.5 How police detects that a statement is not truthful? Ans. Police interviews and obtains the statements of some selected witnesses or the person who in some way know some facts of the crime. Then they record them in one file and compare them. In this comparison if they find that a particular statement is quite different from all other statements then they come to know that the statement is untrue and it makes further queries from the maker of such statement to find the truth or clue to trace the criminals. Q.6 What do you think the police do with the statements and other evidence they collect? Ans. The police examine the evidence thoroughly and try to establish certain links which might lead them to reach the criminals. Without the evidence and eyewitness accounts, it is almost impossible for the police to solve the mystery of a crime Q.7 what might be reasons behind a crime? Ans. There might be a single reason or a number of reasons behind a crime. An important single reason is that crimes are mostly committed for the sake of money. The criminals want big money without any labour. They want to become rich over night. The other reason might include animosity, hatred, prejudice, jealousy and revenge. Of these animosity or enmity is the most powerful driving force which is only second to the greed of wealth. Q.8 Would you consider it sufficient for the police to interview and obtain a statement from one person only? Give reasons for your answers. ? Ans. It is deficient to interview and obtain a statement from only one person. In fact, the more people they interview, the more information they get. If there are clashes between the statements of the people, they might also be removed after talking to many people.

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Chapter 8 - London Road Summary: All the people who live in UK, USA and the European countries are rich and well to do. In every country there exists vast countryside inhabited by poor, old-fashioned, hand to mouth rustic people. Most of them lead nomadic life like gypsies. A famous English author Laurie Lee has written a novel about the life of a Cotswold youth who left his countryside home located in the range of hills of southern England to migrate London city roughly a hundred miles away from his native place to be approached by London Road. The youth spent his life in London for one year by playing his traditional violin and labouring on a London building site as a construction labour. The main character of the novel is a rustic English youth who had three sisters and four brothers (including him). Their mother was still alive. It was the year 1924 when the family of the youth still residing in the home country consisted of mother and three sons in all four. Probably their father had belonged to ages long before. Now the second son of the family also resolved to leave home and to proceed to London leaving behind a small family of mother and her two sons in all three persons. One sunny Midsummer morning on June 1934 the adventurous rustic youth was provided a heavy breakfast by his mother who was apparently a little bit aggrieved or worried about her separation from her second son. She did not utter a single word but her motherly instincts unconsciously forced to put her hand on chain sitting on which the youth relished his breakfast probably the last thing cooked Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 21 affectionately by his mother. It was really a pathetic state of affair. The old lady made no fuss, no appeals, and no attempts to weep and did not advise the youth. She did not tax him with any kind of persuasion and revelation of any kind of grief. She was brave women born to bear the trouble of separation from her Kith and Kin as an ideal rustic mother who believed that poverty is the fate of rural population world over. The youth who was about 19 years old was not a fully matured man indeed a brave and self-confident person who believed that if he tried he would surely make good fortune. His food provision of journey consisted of a tin of treacle biscuits and some cheese not sufficient for a 100 miles journey on foot on a dusty road. He was bit excited. He had vain glorious feelings. he did not know as to how far he would be required to walk. He saw around the last glimpse of the cottage walls narrowing like the arms of an iron maiden. He recollected the secret whispering of rustic lasses "MARRY AND SETTLE DOWN". He set aside this type of psychological stimuli because he has grown tired of his wandering in the lily area, joblessly and naturally painfully. He was wearing a pair of heavy strong boots and had a hazel stick in his hand. The brave son of Adam traveled alone when his village paradise was lost. He tramped through the treeless hills of Wiltshire on a dusty track. At time he had a strange feeling of homesickness and his sub-conscious heard the sound of hurrying footsteps coming after him and the voices of his two brothers and mother call him back. The reality was that he was alone; he was free to go where ever he wanted at his sweet will and pleasure. His inner self murmured, "You asked for it. Its up to you now. You are on your own and nobody's going to stop you". It is a human instinct that one cannot over come the feeling of the home sickness so when he stepped forward to London Road he heard the echoes of home by tinkling sound of her kitchen, shafts of sun from the windows falling across his household furniture's across his bedroom and the very bed which he had left at his village home!! Chapter 9 - Early Autumn Summary Bill and Mary had been in love many years ago. They spent many nights walking and talking together. However, they got angry at each other on a trifle. Impulsively, she had married a man she though she loved. Bill went away, bitter about women.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 22 Bill became a lawyer and worked with a nice firm in downtown. He also got married to a girl. After several years had passed, they ran across each other under the trees of Washington square. It was Marry who saw him and called by name. Bill did not recognize her at first sight. She looked old. Anyway, he came to recognize her. Unconsciously she lifted her face as though wanting a kiss, but Bill restricted himself to shaking hands with Mary. They asked about each other families. Bill told that he was a lawyer and had two children. Marry told him that she was working in Bursar's office and she had three kinds. Both of them invited each other to their homes. It was early autumn; the leaves were falling from the trees without wind. They did not have much time talking to each other. Mary bus came and she got on it. She wanted to tell Bill something but she could not. The bus went off. They even could not tell each other their addresses. Mary could not even tell Bill that her youngest son was name Bill.

Difficult Words: Impulsively --------------------- without thinking Bitter -------------------------- not sweet Bursar -------------------------- person in charge of Finance of an school/college Desperately --------------------- urgently Grin ---------------------------- to smile, wide smile Mist ---------------------------- thin fog Avenue -------------------------- wide, tree-line road in a city Utter --------------------------- to say Shriek -------------------------- scream sound Recognize ----------------------- identify as already known Trifle -------------------------- thing of slight value or importance Offend -------------------------- cause offense to, upset

Question and Answers :

Q.1 Why did Mary and Bill not marry when they were young? Ans. Although Mary and Bill were in love with each. They offended by something unimportant. They stopped talking to each other and got away from each others life. Thus they could not marry each other when they were young. Q.2 What effect did this youthful breakup have on each of them? Ans. Bill went away feeling bitter about woman. Mary impulsively got married with a man. Bill settled as lawyer and married some girl. Bill did not seem to have had effects as he forgot his affair with Mary soon. However, Mary seemed to have regretted for the break-up between them. She looked old and unhappy. She did not sy anything about her husband while Bill mentioned his wife's name too.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 23

Q.3 Did marry and Bill show-similar emotions when they met after several years? Ans. Mary seemed more emotional than Bill. It was Mary who spotted Bill and Mary thought that Bill would kiss her because they had been in love with each other in the past. Bill only restricted himself to shaking hands with Mary. Even Mary wanted to tell Bill something but she did not have time or courage to do so. Bill was calm and composed and showed no strong emotion. Q.4 What might Mary want to Bill which she was unable to express? Ans. I think Mary wanted to tell bill that she really regretted missing Bill. She did not look happy with her marriage. The person to whom she married did not love her much. She looked old and disturbed. She did not her husband's name or his profession. Q.5 Make one question from this story for class discussion? Ans. One question from the story comes to mind. The question is "Are love marriages more successful?" students might make points for or against. Some people think love marriages are mostly failures. Other thinks they are very successful. No hard and fast rule can be made. It all depends on husbands and wives whether they have good understanding and tolerance of each other or not. Love after marriage is more important than love before marriage.

Chapter 9 - Early Autumn Summary: Bill and Mary had been in love many years ago. They spent many nights walking and talking together. However, they got angry at each other on a trifle. Impulsively, she had married a man she though she loved. Bill went away, bitter about women. Bill became a lawyer and worked with a nice firm in downtown. He also got married to a girl. After several years had passed, they ran across each other under the trees of Washington square. It was Marry who saw him and called by name. Bill did not recognize her at first Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 24 sight. She looked old. Anyway, he came to recognize her. Unconsciously she lifted her face as though wanting a kiss, but Bill restricted himself to shaking hands with Mary. They asked about each other families. Bill told that he was a lawyer and had two children. Marry told him that she was working in Bursar's office and she had three kinds. Both of them invited each other to their homes. It was early autumn; the leaves were falling from the trees without wind. They did not have much time talking to each other. Mary bus came and she got on it. She wanted to tell Bill something but she could not. The bus went off. They even could not tell each other their addresses. Mary could not even tell Bill that her youngest son was name Bill.

Difficult Words: Impulsively --------------------- without thinking Bitter -------------------------- not sweet Bursar -------------------------- person in charge of Finance of an school/college Desperately --------------------- urgently Grin ---------------------------- to smile, wide smile Mist ---------------------------- thin fog Avenue -------------------------- wide, tree-line road in a city Utter --------------------------- to say Shriek -------------------------- scream sound Recognize ----------------------- identify as already known Trifle -------------------------- thing of slight value or importance Offend -------------------------- cause offense to, upset

Question and Answers : Q.1 Why did Mary and Bill not marry when they were young? Ans. Although Mary and Bill were in love with each. They offended by something unimportant. They stopped talking to each other and got away from each others life. Thus they could not marry each other when they were young.

Q.2 What effect did this youthful breakup have on each of them? Ans. Bill went away feeling bitter about woman. Mary impulsively got married with a man. Bill settled as lawyer and married some girl. Bill did not seem to have had effects as he forgot his affair with Mary soon. However, Mary seemed to have regretted for the break-up between them. She looked old and unhappy. She did not sy anything about her husband while Bill mentioned his wife's name too.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 25 Q.3 Did marry and Bill show-similar emotions when they met after several years? Ans. Mary seemed more emotional than Bill. It was Mary who spotted Bill and Mary thought that Bill would kiss her because they had been in love with each other in the past. Bill only restricted himself to shaking hands with Mary. Even Mary wanted to tell Bill something but she did not have time or courage to do so. Bill was calm and composed and showed no strong emotion. Q.4 What might Mary want to Bill which she was unable to express? Ans. I think Mary wanted to tell bill that she really regretted missing Bill. She did not look happy with her marriage. The person to whom she married did not love her much. She looked old and disturbed. She did not her husband's name or his profession. Q.5 Make one question from this story for class discussion? Ans. One question from the story comes to mind. The question is "Are love marriages more successful?" students might make points for or against. Some people think love marriages are mostly failures. Other thinks they are very successful. No hard and fast rule can be made. It all depends on husbands and wives whether they have good understanding and tolerance of each other or not. Love after marriage is more important than love before marriage.

Chapter 10 - Charles Contents [show] Summary: Laurie five years old student of kindergarten had just started go to school wearing his blue jeans with a beldt, accompanied with a next

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 26 door older girl. Apparently like other children of his age he was not pleased to attend the school. On returning from the school on his very first day he slammed the door abruptly threw his cap ruthlessly on the floor and shouted in raucous manner. "Isn’t anybody here?" At Lunch he spoke insolently to his father. Next he spilled the milk of his baby sister. His affectionate mother and father still thought that he was a very well behaved lad. To add to misery his small devilish mind created an imaginary classmate namely Charles and attributed to him all kinds of naughty and evil qualities of being rough with his classmate insolent with his teacher. Laurie narrated day to day account of Charles misdeeds at school and his cruel and ill treatment with his classmates in such a way that his parents were convinced that there existed a devilish child namely Charles who had created a kind of terror in the kindergarten school. Laurie's mother thought about the helpless mother of Charles and resolved to meet her in the school on the occasion of PTA meeting next week. On Friday of that week Laurie informed his mother that Charles had become abusive and instigated a girl of her class to use bad words. It was rather alarming news for the parents of Laurie and they discussed about it somewhat seriously. When on the scheduled day off PTA meeting Laurie's mother visited her son's school. She tried to locate Charles mother in order to sympathize and console her for being a troubled mother of a Devil boy like Charles. She thought Charles' mother to be present in PTA meeting but during discussion with the teacher of school about Charles and his strange character the teacher remarked with surprise. "Charles?" She said "We don't have any Charles in the kindergarten." (This was the demise of the imaginary devil-child Charles so artistically created by the mastermind of Laurie!!!).

Difficult Words: Rude ---------------- impolite Strain -------------- stress; physical tension Renounce ------------ to give up officially Swagger ------------- proud way of walking Spank --------------- to beat; to smack on the behind Insanely ------------ madly Insolent ------------ rude

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For each of the bold words or phrases, three meanings are given. Choose the best answer. 1. Fresh a) Recently printed or published c) Disrespectful; impudent; bold and outspoken 2. (To) have your hands full a) Be very busy; be occupied with many things b) Receive many gifts; accept a number of presents c) Life heavy things; move large objects 3. Haggard a) Scholastic b) Professional, bookish c) Looking tired; weary and care worn 4. (To) Spank a) Punish by striking or slapping b) Say hello to someone c) Write a shortly note 5. (To) take the name of the lord in vain a) Swear or curse; use bad language b) Call or advertise for help; broadcast c) Steal money and valuables from church; rob poor people

True and False: 1. Laurie doesn't want his mother to treat him like a baby. (True) 2. Laurie's parents are not interested in his welfare or school life. (False) 3. Laurie's mother and Charles's mother know each other. (False) 4. Sometimes Charles seems to be very good, well behaved child. (True) 5. Charles never attended Kindergarten. (True)

Question and Answers: Q.1 What are the some characteristics of Laurie? Ans. Laurie was a devilish genius for his age. He had a creative mind with evil designs. He was naturally mischievous and he wanted to behave as thought about Charles. He was rough in his attitude with his parents and baby sister. What he wanted to do and could not do he attributed all such desired in the form of characteristics of the imaginary child Charles.

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Q.2 Did Laurie's mother ever meet Charles mother? Ans. It was out of question because when Charles himself was an imaginary child then how come his mother would exist. Q.3 Why did Laurie's mother believe in cock and bull stories about Charles? Ans. She loved her son so madly that regarded her son to be an angleboy and believed that Laurie was thousand times better than Charles and hence he deserved more affection and favor less he would also become as Charles. Q.4 What is PTA meeting? What are some of its activities? Ans. A PTA is a parent teachers association. It's a type of get together where both parents and teachers can discuss students problems. Q.5 How does the teacher seem to react to "Charles"? What kinds of things does she have him do in the classroom? Ans. The teacher seems to react to Charles in a normal way. She punishes him slightly by spanking him in a corner of the class room or staying there after the school. Then asked him to give the crayons around and pick up the books. Q.6 What are the some of the characteristics of Charles? How does Laurie let his parents and teacher know what kind of person Charles is? Ans. The characteristics of Charles are not different from Laurie as it is Laurie who invented Charles. Charles is rude, badly behaved, naughty, free spirited, troublesome and problematic. Laurie lets his parents and teacher know about Charles by his fictitious stories about him. Q.7 What is the moral of the story "Charles"? Ans. Its moral is that "Extra affection spoils the child!" The parents should scold and check the children if they behave insolently and become naughty other wise the children may develop into a menace for the parents when they grow up.s

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Chapter 11 - The Man who had No Eyes Summary: Parsons and Markwardt both were labourers and both loved in Westbury. They worked in the firm run by some capitalist owner. They led hand to mouth life apparently when on one-day unfortunate bloody disaster occurred. There was a chemical explosion in which hundred and eight human lives were lost and over fifty people were rendered blind. A the time of explosion Parsons and Markwardt were in C-shop. Due to explosion the place was filled with dangerous poisonous gases. All the people in C-shop ran for their lives Parsons escaped unhurt probably and Markwardt hauled back on Parsons rushed out of C-shop and later was blinded by the effect of poisonous gases. For many years this disaster was not even mentioned in newspapers and the disaster was forgotten by the people. Parsons was fortunate; he was not all hurt in the explosion. He worked hard and became a successful insurance salesman and led a prosperous complacent life. Markwardt became blind beggar and walked in the streets with the help of battered cane and thumped his way before him. He became a shaggy thick necked person. His coat was greasy. He wore a black pouch slung over his shoulders which he carried cigarette lighters and sold them to passers by for one buck. Fourteen long years passed when by chance accidentally Markwardt collide with Parsons and he offered a lighter for sale to Parsons and also begged for help. Parsons gave two half dollar coins to Markwardt, which he readily pocketed. By chance Markwardt asked Markwardt about the cause of his blindness. Markwrdt mentioned the Westbury chemical explosion and C-shop. Then Parsons recognized Markwardt. Parsons pitied the plight of Markwardt. Markwardt recollected all past events and in a painful voice uttered "You got away but i am blind! Do you hear? I'm ..." People overhead blind Markwardt in the street and turned and started looking the two persons. Parsons felt slightly awkward and remarked "Well - do not make such a row about it Markwardt - so Am I!"

Difficult Words: Shaggy ----------------- With long hair Splayed ---------------- turned outwards Reminisce -------------- to recollect the memory about the past events.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 30 Futile ----------------- useless Boorish ---------------- rude Haul ------------------- to pull with difficulty Wearily ---------------- in a tired way

Question and Answers: Q.1 What is the difference in the description between the blind beggar and the insurance salesman? ANS. There was an obvious difference in the exterior of the blind beggar and the insurance salesman. The blind beggar was shaggy, thick-necked and dirty. He wore black pouch slung over his shoulder. In that pouch, he kept something (cigarette lighters) to sell. He assumed the role of a professional beggar. The insurance salesman was young, handsome, neat and clean and smartly dressed. He wore a clean and tidy gray suit and gray hat. He also kept Malaeca stick with, as he was blind too. Q.2 What did Mr. Parsons feel when he heard the blind man approach and why? Ans. Mr. Parsons felt immense sympathy for the blind because he knew that pain and misery of being as he himself got blind in an accident at his work. Q.3 Why was blind beggar always eager to narrate his tale of how he lost his sight? Ans. He always ready to narrate his story because he looked more a professional beggar who always told his tragic stories to get money from people, arousing people's pity for him and extracting money from them. Q.4 Do you think Mr. parsons is blind? If yes, then how did you recognize who the beggar was? Ans. Yes, Mr. Parson he told that he was blind too. Besides, he also kept a stick with him like other blind people. Mr. Parsons recognized the beggar's identity when he mentioned the name of Westbury. Mr. Parsons even remembered the name of the blind man as Markwardt. It was Markwardt who had trampled him to escape hurriedly from the place. Q.5 What is the moral of the story? Ans. The moral of the story is that a man who has the will can do great deeds even he is handicapped.

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Chapter 12 - Plan of Attack Summary: In a pleasant spring afternoon Ella MeCarthy sat on a green painted chair in Kensington looking passively around. She was waiting for her boyfriend. Bertie Heasant in whose absence the pleasant spring atmosphere seemed gloomy to her. Her mood changed when Bertie came and the lover had a cordial and intimate talk. Ella thanked him for his present of the handkerchiefs, which he had sent to her but at the same time she seriously objected to the behaviour of Mrs. Heasant mother of Bertie who ws in the habit of opening all the private letters addressed to Bertie by his friends specially his girl friends. She thus posed as a big hurdle in the Ella-Bertie affair and Ella could not dare to write letters to Bertie and Bertie also was afraid to promote his pen friendship with Ella. By chance Bertie discussed his problem by one of his sincere friend Clovis Sangrail. Clovic made a separate scheme to set right the matter of Bertie's mother undue interference in his personal affairs. One fine day he sent a set of cunning letters on the address of Bertie Heasant. The first letter was sent in a scented cover from an imaginary girl friend of Bertie namely Clotilde in which there was mentioned about jewels and Bertie was asked to be courageous to handle them. As usual on receipt of this letter, Mrs. Heasant opened that letter. Bertie ws not at home and when he came she made a great fuss on this letter and pestered Bertie by a large number of questions, scolding and threatening and made it difficult for him to breathe comfortably. He rushed into his room and closed it from inside. After an hour another letter was received in the name of Bertie, which really proved to be a bomb blast in the House of Heasant, which

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 32 has been opened by Mrs. Heasant. This letter had a mysterious message to the simpleton Bertie. The letter said: "So you have really done it --- poor girl! Poor Dagmart you wicked boy, the servants all think that she killed herself and there will be best not to touch the jewels yet." Apparently when Mrs. Heasant read the above letter she was almost became hysteric. For her the life of his son seemed to be at stake. She suspected the theft of jewels and murder of a girl Dagmart was committed by Bertie. She ran to the room of Bertie upstairs and started to beat at the door madly. "Miserable boy what have you done to Dagmart." She yelled and wept and scolded Bertie non-stop. Bertie was also confused because he did not know as to who was the witch Clotilde who has haunted his life and was bent upon to destroy him and the entire House of Heasant.

In the evening a third letter arrived from Bertie's fast-friend Clovis Sangrail which solved all the mystery and he apologized for causing all the inconvenience by his first two letters disturbing and shaking the very foundation of Heasant who was in the habit of opening the private letters of Bertie. By this time Mrs. Heasant was so much badly tortured mentally and psychologically perplexed that she virtually repented for her bad habit of opening the private letters of Bertie and creating scenes in the house.

Difficult Words: Inaudibly ---------------- This cannot be heard Conscious ---------------- aware Confess ------------------ admit some fault Fetch -------------------- go and bring Drag --------------------- to pull someone or something Astonishing -------------- surprising Improbable --------------- unlikely Opportunity -------------- chance Reference ---------------- hint Eagerness ---------------- keenness Existence ---------------- being; life Anxiously ---------------- worried

Question And Answers :

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 33 Q.1 why did Ella McCarthy's dull afternoon suddenly brighten up? ANS. Ella was sitting alone on a chair in Kensington Garden. There was no one to keep her company. That's why spring afternoon seems dull to her. The she say Bertie coming towards her. He was Ella's friend. On seeing Bertie, Ella's dull afternoon immediately turned bright. Q.2 List three of Bertie's mother qualities. Give examples? ANS. Bertie's mother's three qualities were maternal, interfering and inquisitive. She had a bad habit of opening others letters and reading them. Bertie's mother actually wanted to search for signs of youthful troubles and difficulties by reading her children's letters so that she could help them out. Reading others' letters however is basically regarded as interference in their private lives. Bertie and his sisters had quarreled with her about it a number of times but she did not care about it. When she received Clovis's letter to Bertie in the name of a girl, she became curious and started inquiring. Q.3 What role did Clovis play in resolving Bertie's problem? Ans. Clovis solved Bertie's problem by sending three thrilling letters in one day. In the first letter he wrote to Bertie to be brave enough to get the jewels under the false name of girl Clotilde. In the second letter, Bertie was congratulated on carrying out the act of killing the girl effectively and warning him not to touch the jewels yet but to wait for some time. The third letter clarified the whole situation so that person reading the private letters of others might stop doing so and it certainly happened. In this way Clovis was triumphant at his attempt attempt of helping Bertie. Q.4 Who is most interesting character in this story? Ans. I think Bertie is the most interesting character of this story. He is about twenty but he can't solve a simple domestic problem. He could not convince his mother not to read his private letters. He is sorry about it in front of his girl friend Ella and states the problem to his friend Clovis. Bertie is, however, lucky to have a friend like Clovis who helps him get rid of his problem. Q.5 Why did Bertie's mother read all the letters that came to her home? Ans. She thought it maternal to know each and everything about her children in order to same them from any trouble of youth. She might also

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Chapter 13 - The Story of An Hour Summary: Mrs. Mallard was a heart patient. The news of her husband's death might take her life so her sister Josephine told the news of her husband's death in broken sentence. A friend of her husband who brought the news of the death of her husband. Friend of her husband was also there which he had got from the office of newspaper. When Mrs. Mallard heard the news of her husband she did not react unusually but she wept bitterly in the arms of her sister and after few moments she went to her room and closed the room's door and she sat on an armchair. First she felt the great intensity of his grief and felt loneliness then she realized that its the beauty of nature. She felt herself free from all tensions. She knew that she would look at the face of her dead husband who never loved her. She came to know that she would not live for anyone but for herself now. Josephine came to the door and called her sister by name Louise and requested to open the door. But after ward she came down stairs clasping her at the waist of her sister where Richard was waiting. When Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 35 they reached there someone suddenly open the door and came inside unconsciously. It was Mr. Mallard who had been away at the home of the railway accident this his life was saved. Richard tried to keep away Mr. Mallard from there but it was late, she had been died of heart attack.

Difficult Words: Elusive ----------------- difficult to point out Veiled ------------------ hidden (To) haunt -------------- to return to mind repeatedly Unwittingly ------------- unintentional Tumultuously ------------ violent Afflicted --------------- suffered from Hastened ---------------- made a hurry Twitter ----------------- chirp, sing (of birds) Slender ----------------- weak Exhaustion -------------- tiredness Revealed ---------------- let out, disclosed Distant ----------------- remote

Question and Answers: Q.1 What was Mrs. Mallard's first reaction to the news of her husband's alleged death? Ans. She wept at once, with sudden wild abandonment in her sister Josephine's arms. She rushed to her room and she stood facing the open window and sank into the armchair near the window. The weather was bit cloudy and the spring season had set it. She looked outside the window with empty eyes. She threw back her head upon the cushion of the chair, calm and repressed. She expected that something was coming to her and she was waiting for it. Q.2 What was her later reaction? Ans. She felt a sense of freedom from bondage, as she did not lead a happy married life. She thought of the days ahead when she would live for herself. Q.3 What words did she use to express her later feelings? Ans. She said over and over under her breath with slightly parted lips. "Free, Free!" She was staring and had a terrified facial expression. Meanwhile her pulse was beating fast. Q.4 What is the surprise ending of the story?

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 36 Ans. Although she was very badly shocked to hear the news of death of her husband death and was feeling that her unbearable grief would end her life, but she survived. She thought about the agony of lonely, dreadful of many years as a widow. Then all of a sudden Brently Mallard arrived from his outside tour. He was not on a train which faced accident. On his appearance Louise was so much overjoyed that she died by an extreme shock of joy. So she was killed by the great joy and not by the shock of alleged of her husband's death. Q.5 What is the central idea of this story? Ans. Sometimes extreme grief does not cause death but extreme joy can kill a person. Death is certain irrespective of the fact whether it occurs by the shock of grief or by the thunderbolt of an extreme joy. Q.6 What is your idea about the married life of Mr. and Mrs. Mallard after reading this story? Ans. Mr. Mallard and his wife were not passing the happy life. Mr. Mallard not love his wife and she felt her alone and normally she had deep attraction to her husband.

GRAMMER SECTION 1-Freedom of Press The press is a modern concept and the modern man can be said to be molded by the press just as once he was said to have been may by his barber and tailor. It means today man's opinions, may be even his philosophy can be shaped by the papers and magazines he reads. One will no be fair from truth if one were to say one can know a man by the paper he reads. Thus we see the press has become so powerful that it has come to be called the fourth estate.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 37 The democratic system rests upon the assumption that the citizen has access to a wide range of news and views. Only than can be form independent opinion on may important things like the foreign policy of his Government. Ultimately only this can ensure that his vote is based on fair judgment rather than determined by the coercion implicit in being forced to read and hear only the official view point. For instance a good paper may weigh the comparative merits of candidate for an election and thus help the voter. The paper is so powerful that governments are afraid of paper. Naturally therefore government, given the chance would like to control the paper. They bring forth gagging orders such that the press cannot publish certain things. The press is not allowed to know certain news and thus pressman are prohibited from being present. The news in the paper may be highly censored so that various political parties in a country run their own papers. In England, for instance, there is the labor press as well as liberal press. In communistic countries, the party controls the press, so that no other wind expect that of the party be allowed to blow. The idea behind is quite obvious. Each party wants to propagate and broadcast its views through its paper. The control of the press by the government through it may be desirable in times of emergency, is not so in normality's. The control will kill the liberal growth of ideas and people will cases to grow. Just as the free air is desirable to keep the people healthy, today a free press is much important. A free ad fearless press can expose individuals and groups when they err. They may even chastise erring officials and out at the shall owners of certain government action. They may suggest a line of action and put forth proposals in schemes and projects of national importance. In short the free press can act as accelerator sometimes as also a brake sometimes.

2-Impact of Electronic Media on Our Society Science and technology has advanced in each and every faculty of life. It has made life comfortable and easy. Modern ways and means and changing life patters of our society have made the individuals of the society lazy and sluggish. Scientific advancement has assisted in ascending the electronic media. In this modern age, electronic media is developing with the fast pace. Its perpetual enhancement seems to be boundless. Electronic media includes all means of communication, the network of which is scattered though out the world. It is supposed to play a big role in spreading the social values, culture and civilization. It has played a functional role in modifying the cultural and moral values

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 38 of society. Electronic media has wiped out distances between remote countries. It's a chained system in the form of a complete network. Dish receiving system and modernization of Internet computer programming have brought a revolutionary change in the moral ethics. A moral and culture change in a society some times proves itself to be an insincere change fraught with social evils. Electronic media of this modern century has specifically tried to decline the moral values of Muslim civilization and it look as if they have succeeded in this vulgar effort. Their culture vulgarity is doubtlessly obvious. Modern film industry and descending culture values of European countries have played a fundamental role in declining the cultural, social, moral and spiritual values of Muslim countries by propagating the culture of their own society. Means of communication is supposed to be responsible for such hollow changing moral and social values. There are also some positive impacts of the electronic media. It's widely spread programmes have ascended the generosity, talent and vast knowledge of people in regard too universal exploration. It has widened human mind and boundaries of imagination. It has also opened man's eyes a litter wider to the wonders and vastness of the universe around us. Electronic media has also proved it self to be the phenomenon of revelation of the present age, exhibiting in its modern form.

3-The Twentieth Century is An Age of Greed. Do You Agree With This Opinion? To be greedy is two own more than what one can legitimately claim. This is very well illustrated by the parable of the greedy dog, which wanted to have the bone seen in the reflection. It lost the bone thereby. This is greed. All people are greedy; it is not only the poor who are greedy but also those very rich. To avoid being greedy, the child must be educated. The parents and hence the home have got a great responsibility in this respect. Children must not be helped to own more than what they need, whether it is in food or clothes. Greed and hence jealousy go together. Hence to avoid being jealous one should over come greed. Let us see if twentieth century is an age of greed. The First Great War was the result of Kaiser's ambitions to build a German empire. He was itching for it and the murder of the prince at Sarajevo was only a pretext to start a war. Then came Hitler, from the beginning he wanted to do where Kaiser failed. Slowly and steadily he build an army and the

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 39 rape of Czechoslovakia followed. After the second war many small things happened which viewed properly is nothing but greed. Only the offending parties gave them different names as once they looked upon African countries as white man's burden. Greed in modern politics shows different goals. Look at the Afghan War in which Russia has deliberately invaded that country and has a political un-settlement there. Looking at the individuals also we can say they are in no way worse than those who lived in previous centuries. But one thing we can say that in this century which is becoming more and more materialistic moral forces is on the wane. Now that there is a vast scope for material possession, to that extent man is growing greedy. Temptation and greed are the two sides of a coin. To over come the moral education is essential. Develop the will of the child so that he grows he may not be greedy. So it can be conclude that this century is not an age of greed.

4-Five Things I love the Most This world is full of many wonderful and lovely things. Man is trying to utilize the maximum resources of his intellect for finding out various types of inventions and discoveries and thus endeavoring to make the things lovelier and worth enjoying. The process of beautifying the worldly things is a continuous process. Firstly, I have great love of Nature. I am fed from this artificial and momentary pleasure which we derive from the city life. I am thinking to settle in some village where i will be able to enjoy Nature. I wish to make friendship with nature because nature can be true friend and real guide of man, who never deceives a person who loves her. Words word, the great love of Nature, has also acknowledged this fact in his poems. I am very much anxious to go and enjoy steep hills; greenery of the open valleys, cool breeze and other natural objects. Secondly, I am very much interested to adopt teaching as my profession in future. I am deeply pained to find illiteracy in my country. For the successful functioning of Democracy, it is essential that we reduce illiteracy to the minimum extent possible. I have a great love for this profession. I want every young man and woman must get education. There is a dire need for spreading the education to every hook and corner of the country Thirdly, I have a keen desire to read novels. Novels are my favourite pastime. Novels widen the doors of knowledge. They give us an insight into the zig-zag ways of this world. Sometimes we are able to resolve many difficult problems with the help of Novel reading. We

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 40 are able to chalk out many schemes which can be very useful in our day-today life. Fourthly, I love my country. I can foreign anything just for the honour of my country. If somebody were to ask me to go to a foreign land and serve there, and get a handsome salary. I will be the first blunt young to refuse this offer. It is because I am very much fond of the ways of life, the food, the sunshine, home, friends, parents and other relations. I will not be doing justice to my Motherland. The last but not the least, I love my sweet home. It is rightly uttered "East or West home is the best." I live in a small house which does not contain all the modern facilities, but still it is not less than a paradise. I have been to my friend's houses I find ultra modern decorations. The houses contain dining rooms, sitting rooms, bedrooms etc. Further, very rich and lavish food is served. In spite of all this, I don't like this type of artificial life. That's why I have selected the above mentioned five things which are dearest to me and are the essence of my life and living.

5-Compose an Article for the Sunday Magazine Section of a Newspaper Describing a Trip to a Holiday Resort That You Went to With Your Family. Imagine That a Number of Things Went During the Trip We Sindh are devotees and lovers of saints -- The Men of Allah, who include Pir Fakhurs alive and those whose last abodes are located in Sindh. My family members, parents, uncles and aunties, cousins and my brothers and sisters are dedicated, fully devoted flowers of Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalander of Sehwan Sharif. It was the month of June and it was too hot at Karachi and even entire Sindh was burning scorching sunlight. I and my brothers and sisters boarded in an air-conditioned bus of Blue Line Travels at 7 am in the morning from Cantt Station Karachi. On the way we saw Mango orchards on both sides and in same places large number of guava trees, orange and papaya trees and green refreshing banana trees. At some places under desert condition with large number of palm trees loaded with yellow bunches of dares. It was very beautiful. When the bus crossed Jamshoro its A/C arrangement went wrong so the driver stopped the bus and by mobile phone sought the help of mechanics from Blue Line Travel branch located at Hyderabad. The mechanics readily arrived in a speedy company car and it look about two threehours to repair the A/C arrangement.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 41 We started again at about 12 O'clock and stopped on our way to have this spot we took another connecting bus of Blue Line, which was unfortunately heavily crowded and packed to the capacity. We were made to stand in the bus even my sister did not have any seats. The bus then traveled through sugar cane farms and banana plantations and many green rice fields irrigated by canal water. It was all green and some what green and some what fresh cold breeze was blowing. On the request passengers the bus stopped all the passengers got down, washed their hands and feet in the irrigation stream-lets flowing towards the rice and sugar can fields. About half an hour passed peacefully when 3 kids escaping the sight of the elders plugged into muddy water and sank waist deep into stinking mud. The driver, conductor and cleaners helped to pull the mischief monger children. It became a problem to have their clothes changed and to be washed in the stream-lets water. We reached Sehwan Sharif near sunset. We thanked God for an arrival at Sehwan. We paid a quick visit to the tomb of the Man of God and offered Fateha and went to the guest house constructed nearly for the visitors. Unfortunately it was heavily crowded because the every day lot of devotees come from Thatta. We had no room to spend night there, so on the advice of some elderly servants of shrine management we hired a room in a nearly hotel. It was very old fashioned hotel having old type of cots infested by bad gugs. What a terrible, painful night it was that we spend in hotel. When we left the hotel, hotel manager demanded Rs. 300 for double bed room, which had no A/C arrangement and plenty of water. Originally we had made a programmed to stay at Sehwan for three, four days, but after spending a sleepless night at the hotel we resolved to return Karachi by the first available bus. Hiring a Tanga we reached the bus stand. The first bus was expected to leave Sehwan at about 9:30 am. There was enough time to take breakfast. But it was a misfortune that my sister had forgotten the bulky tiffin at the hotel. My brother went back to the hotel and after an hour brought the information that some other boarders or customers of the hotel took the tiffin away. No we cannot curse our fate for his trouble. We took the breakfast at the bus stop hotel of Bheal Puri, which costed us, another hundred rupees and went to buy tickets for our return journey. The next bus for Karachi expected to leave Sehwan at 2:00 pm. Apparently in the hot summer we could not afford to wait for the next bus to Karachi. So we caught the bus from Thatta. It was a Sindh Transport bus having no A/C. However we boarded in it because we had seats available when we reached Thatta we caught another luxury bus and reached Karachi at 4 O' clock. This journey costed us a lot and caused a lot of inconvenience. In fact the Auqaf department of Government should come forward and make proper arrangements of boarding and lodging

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 42 and transport to provide facilities to the devotees of the saint coming from all parts of Sindh and even from other provinces.

7-Group Sports such as Cricket, Hockey, Throw Ball, Net Ball etc Help Us to Develop Team Spirit, Discipline, Respect for Rules and Sportsman Spirit. write an Essay Discussing the Above Points. Give Examples, Anecdotes and Other Details Briefly speaking we can call this kind of essay as " Importance of Games". Every man, working women and students and working youths who perform some manual work or any kind of work needs some rest, some relaxation or the change from the monotony of this work in order to avoid fatigue and exhaustion, the best to regain last energy and to be fresh it is good that after the laborious work of day, one should play some kind of game to have a feeling of freshness. Game is an instructive in which all the living beings take part. Games and sports should be compulsory for the students. They have a great value in character and personality building. They help us to develop team spirit, discipline, respect for rules and sportsman spirit. In Pakistan these physical activities are neglected and not well organized. this has resulted in great lawlessness and indiscipline among the students. Games have different physical mental and moral advantage. No body can know the value of games in national character building. Now-adays nations are judged on the play ground. Victory on the field brings honor and glory to the country. Players and sportsmen are the wondering ambassadors of the country. Games promote international amity, friendship, brotherhood and peace. Just like India Pakistan Series 2004 was the best example of an attempt of promoting relationship between India and Pakistan. Physically games are best form of exercise. The group sports such as cricket, hockey, football, volleyball and athletics are popular all over the world. By playing games, coordination of movements of limbs of the body is produced. Mentally, players develop the sense of quick and right decisions. They form the habit of right thinking. A true sportsman hates to hit below the belt. A good sportsman never plays foul in life.

8- Man to Lead Woman to Follow. What Do You Think?

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 43 This is a very ticklish question. Eyebrows will look down upon the very question. The question aims at equality between man and woman. It cannot be blind equality. Nature has endowed man with certain capabilities and capacities, which are not found in woman. Man also cannot claim some capacities peculiar to woman. Thus we speak of manly strength and feminine grace. Now late in the twentieth century to say that man sound lead may should absurd. But in what he should lead lies the answer. Then there won't be any controversy. Man by his nature is given to hard work involving physical strength and also to be great extent, physical endurance. Woman, as a rule are denied his physical strength. So, man has been a fighter all along and these fighting qualities have always been in demand. So many came to be a leader. Exploring, pioneering, climbing, fighting and such of these require many courage, bravery and hardihood. Then society needed them badly. Man became the leader. Woman as a rule, are the best homemakers. Their sense of duty, humility and patience make them really the authority in the house. Their feminine touch has a lot to go in bringing up children. If a country needs good youngsters, it is to the mothers it has to look to. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Man and woman are thus complimentary and supplementary to each other and it will be useless to decide who leads whom.

9-Write an Essay ay pointing Out the Advantages and Disadvantages of Having a Working Mother/Sister. Conclude by Giving Your Own Opinion On This Issue Women play a very vital role in human progress and have a significant place in the society. Women have always played an important position in the progress of a nation. In the early days of Islam, women worked side by side with men. In the battlefield, they nursed the injured, kept up the supplies and in certain cases even fought bravely. Florence Nightingale was the woman, who led a very successful campaign for the reforms of hospitals and nursing profession. Women had been great saints, scholars, poets, writers, reformers and administrators. In modern age, women are going very well in all the fields of progress. They are demonstrating their talents in the best. They are serving as teachers, doctors, Engineers, Administrators and even head of the states. But of course such responsibilities could affect their household responsibilities. It will impossible to pay required attention to her own home, if she works some where out her home.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 44

It is an obvious fact that most+ women work due to financial problems so in such cases women sacrifice their comfort and come outside to do work. Working women could run her home better as far as financial matters are concerned. But of course, it affects their household responsibilities. It is very difficult for a working woman to look the household matters as a household woman does. In my opinion, a woman should do work if they are really going through financial problems. It is not disagreeable at all. But if the situation perfectly sound and woman works at the expense of household comfort then it is not good. women should take care of her responsibilities as a mother or sister. If she can manage between the two then it is her choice either to do job or not. But one cannot perfectly manage between them if she spends a long time outside her home.

10-The Need for Keeping One's Temper under Control Temper can be defined as the mental vibrations in consonance with the external events which touch our senses. The reaction may be calm and quiet or violent. When one is subject ot sudden conclusions of mental reactions to externals he is said to be temperamental. In such cases reason which helps one to keep poise is either absent or fails to help the subject. To keep up one's tempers it requires a lot of insight into things. Simply because certain things happen in certain ways not the liking of the subject, it is no reason why one should fly into tempers. There are innumerable occasions when things go wrong in spite of perhaps careful home the point. One is in hurry to dress and to go and attend a function or meeting. In the last minute he take out the dress from the cabinet he finds out to his chagrin either the shirt has been torn by the washer-man or the buttons are missing from the longs. This he could have avoided if had given thought before. So some previous thinking into the affair or preparation would help avoid tempers. This is to be followed by those who are subject to tempers and thereby they can avoid unpleasant consequences. When one loses one's temper it leads to many undesirable consequences. The person is easily upset his blood circulation gets quick, he uses angry words and he offends others also. One should develop his faculty of reasoning, then he could easily keep his temper under control. It is also a matter of philosophy as in the case of stoics. There is a classical case of temper under control.

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 45 By keeping one's temper under control one saves nervous break down. His friends and relatives like him. He is saved from wrong judgment which he arrives at when he loses his temper. In short a man who could keep his temper is a sweet person. He is happy and makes others happy. He illumines the company where he is found. He will never be subject to nervous break down. So let us learn to keep our temper under control.

11-The Jealous Reaction of One Person to the Success of a Friend Jealousy is one of the human weaknesses which are not so very uncommon. Here the reference is only to the jealous reactions to the success of a friend, so we will confine ourselves to that aspect alone. He may even go to the extent of thinking that the friend has kept certain things that led to his success a secret from him. That means he suspects the fidelity or sincerity of the friend. He may some times openly say that the friend has left him down because of his selfishness. He would slight the success saying that it was only chance that made his friend successful. As a friend, while it is natural to expect of him to celebrate the success and to lead the party, he would avoid it and whenever there is such an occasion he would quietly keep at the back. He would assume that he is being neglected because his friend has been successful and even may speak so. He would go on saying now that the friend has been successful and he doesn't care for him as of old. What need has he for him? He would even go of thinking of imaginary contributions he as made for the success of the other. He would add but for the pieces of certain acts of his, his friend would not have been successful. this is all because this fellow cannot reach the same height as the other fellow. It the other one is as enlightened and out going he can easily make up; otherwise the jealousy may lead to permanent rift. This sort of jealousy is more common among women folk that men folk.

12-A Good Women Inspires A Man. A Brilliant Woman Interests Him. A Beautiful Woman Fascinates Him But a Sympathetic Woman Gets Him. Do You Agree With This View? This Question deals with women of different accomplishments and how man reacts towards them. The qualities of woman categorized here are goodness, brilliance, beauty and sympathy. Apposite to them are put Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 46 inspiration, interests, fascination and getting or winning respectively. To know women of these parts one must have a wider experience which history and literature of the world. In general the question deals with man's relation with women but for a single man to have contact or relation with the different women mentioned here in the chance may be rare unless he be a great figure who has galaxy of women i covering around him. To inspire is to give life, to fill life with hope, to pull up the crest fallen one from despondency to optimism. When we take in air we say we inspire because we are taking in the life given blood purifying oxygen. So the action or the words of a woman may be inspiring. The one may be the wife or a good friend or as sometimes happens a poetess. To inspire, such person must basically be good. To interest one is to make one think of the benefits that may accrue. One may be interested in a proposition because it may bring one some benefits. The benefit need not necessarily be material; it may even be mental, say a speech. Brilliance relates to the dazzle in appearance and speech and manners. The brilliance in appearance may incite jealousy; the brilliance in wit and humour attracts and interests. To fascinate is to attract. The fascination may be real or false, the fascination may be for good or bad. The fascination of the moth for fire is a classical example where it is attracted by the light of the fire only to die. As given the beauty refers may be, only to external. A woman may be beautiful to look at and as opposite sex, man is fascinated by her but if the winner woman is not as beautiful as the outer than men having to do anything with her will be ruined beyond measure. There are stories of beautiful women who have fascinated men only to destroy them. To get is to own. To won means also the power to command over. What i own i can easily dispose of but it is beside the point here because the question deals with the sympathy. Sympathy is to have the same feeling for. When one sympathizes with another, it means the latter has the same feeling as the former, that is why we often say in sympathy with you in sympathy there we see identity of view/ When a woman has the sympathy she can naturally get the other. In fact the getting may be in different degrees. Some explanation will make this point clear. Take for instance the sympathy of a nurse for a bay or a patient. In both cases the getting may not be exactly by owning but it is getting a permanent place in the heart of a baby or the patient. The sympathy shown by the mother, helps her get the child. Where children are Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali

KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 47 brought up by others, the sympathy of children for their mothers is very thin indeed. A good wife must have the sympathy for her husband to get him. A classical woman is described that way. She is everything for her husband. But to see a woman of all these qualities is rare and such a one is a rare phenomenon.

13-While You Were Standing in A Shop Two Men Entered And Tried to Rob the The shopkeeper. Write Down Exactly What You Saw and Heard It may be 10'O clock in the night. I was a bit late from my office and i was standing at the bus-stand to catch the bus. There was a coffee shop nearby. It was the only shop in the neighborhood. It appeared there used to be late guests to that stall. For I could see that the stall owner was not in a mood to close the shop. Then I saw two fellows enter the shop. Their appearance was far from satisfactory. They went in and ordered for their glass of coffee. While they were sipping their glass, I could see them talking. Then I saw both of them move towards the counter where the stall-keeper was sitting. From the way he talked to them, it showed he knew them already. After few minutes, I could hear hot exchange of words. I could also see that the stall keeper was self-possessed. While an altercation was going on, one of the two guests whipped up a knife and threatened to stab the shopkeeper. The other fellow put his hand and took what all cash he could take. I was in a dilemma. I could neither go for rescue nor cry because that would be futile. The stall-keeper was raising a hell of noise and even at the risk of his life, would not allow the ruffians to bolt away with the cash. Luckily for him, the long awaited bus will full complements came there. Seeing the bus the ruffians left the place and run away, before the stall-keeper could recover and cry for help, the ruffians were gone. As already the buss with a heavy heart because, I have failed in my duty to save the shopkeeper.

14-Money is the Root of All Evil Money is the instrument of exchange helping in buying and selling and helps also in fixing the value of things and commodities. It may be in metal and as it now in paper. With the market getting more and more complicated there are other negotiable instruments which are as good as the minted coins or the printed notes. Money in short gives the purchasing power but this power is not absolute as it varies depending on various factors.

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KHYBER SCHOOL OF NURSING 48 Let us see why money is needed. Simply because it helps the possession to buy things. The days of barter are gone though so it is indirectly reported to at the international level. Money can buy men as it does things. Thus money plays an important role in fighting and winning elections. Money mars men and women's morals. It has got the evil influence in corrupting people; sellout is the new term of bribery. There are people who could do anything for the sake of money. These things are because of what is termed money power. It is true of individuals as well as states that where there is money they could dictate terms. For instance, the Middle-East countries have found new wealth because of their deposits and they have become very powerful. Since money is normally the fruit of labor, coming by money by fair means need not be stunned. The question is how one spends that money. So great thinker have suggested that one who has money enough and to spare must look upon himself as the trustee of that money and see to it that it spent in good ways. As money is only a tool there is nothing good or evil about it. Since the question of evil is a moral factor, man must be strengthened morally so that he may not use money in evil ways

Prepaid BY Gh. Shahbaz Ali