Energy

By Nitin Oke For State Level meet of Maharashtra state electricity officers association By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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What are we talking about ? • The name energy is derived from Greek name “ energeia ” which means “activity” the phenomenon appeared first in book by name “Nicomachean Ethics” of Aristotle in the 4th century BC. • In 1807, Thomas Young was the first to use the term "energy" in its modern sense. • Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "kinetic energy" in 1829 in its modern sense, • 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy." • During these years whether energy was a substance (the caloric) or merely a physical quantity, was a big debet. By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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What are we talking about ?

Now we know different forms of energies The forms of energy are often named after a related force. The forms are

– – – – – – –

Kinetic Wind mechanical sound thermal light electromagnetic energy

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

– – – – –

Potential elastic Gravitational tiadal Water in damps

– Nuclear – Solar

– mass [email protected]

Energy and Human • The human under evolution first got the aquanauts with kinetic energy as they realize the importance of speed during hunting • Next energy was mechanical when he moved large heavy objects using trunk of a tree. By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Energy and Human • The next energy was obviously heat through flames one of the greatest discovery of mankind • In due course of development he was able to use mechanical, kinetic and heat energy with proper care he came to know about chemical energy By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Energy and Human • The science was developing Joule, Volta, Faraday, Einstein gave inter relations and possible conversions of energy. • Greatest break through was Einstein’s mass energy relation E = mc2 By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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European industrial development • This event changed

file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/Energy/James Watt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_files/180px-James_Watt's_Workshop.jpg file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/Energy/James Watt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_files/240px-SteamEngine_Boulton&Watt_1784.jpg

energy to power in every sense of dictionary.

– The labors were replaced by machines in three major fields – Industry – Agriculture – Transport

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

1780

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Agriculture

Transport

Industry

file:///C:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/Desktop/Energy/Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia_files/180px-JohnFowlerTractionEngine.JPG

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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8000 Year 6000 1450

Need turns into greed Population x106

Per person Total energy energy (kWH)

30

600

180

1550 4000 1650

40

600

240

55

600

330

1750 2000 1850

70

600

420

120

900

1080

2400

7200

19500 300 2050 1450 10501650 By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

4750 1850

50000 2050 [email protected]

Evident Imbalance Developed country population % Energy consumption %

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

Developing country

20

80

80

20

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PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FUEL, 2003 In Million tones oil equivalent Natural gas

 

oil

USA

914.3

566.8

573.9

181.9

60.9

2297.8

76.8

85.7

39.1

20.1

1.3

223.2

China

275.2

29.5

799.7

9.8

64

1178.3

India

113.3

27.1

185.3

4.1

15.6

345.3

17

19

2.7

0.4

5.6

44.8

3636.6

2331.9

2578.4

598.8

595.4

9741.1

UK

Pakistan World

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

Coal

Nuclear

Hydro

Total

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Need turns into greed Source

Units

1994 -95

2001-02 2006-07 2011-12

Electricity

Billion

289.36

480.08

712.67

1067.88

Coal

Million tones

76.67

109.01

134.99

173.47

Lignite

Million tones

4.85

11.69

16.02

19.7

Natural gas

Million cubic meters 9880

15730

18291

20853

Oil products

Million tones

99.89

139.95

196.47

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

63.55

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Do you know - - • Petroleum-powered vehicles are very inefficient. Only about 15 & percnt of the energy from the fuel they consume is converted into useful motion. • 3,700,000 tons of carbon dioxide CO2 could be the primary cause of global warming. • The energy content of a kilogram of uranium or thorium, if spent nuclear fuel is reprocessed and fully utilized, is equivalent to about 3.5 million kilograms of coal. By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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So the problem is - - • The maximum energy utilized is fossil energy which will come to an end in finite amount of time • Even if solar, wind, tidal energies are available their efficiency is very low. • The problem of green house gasses will be at its top as we consume fossil fuel • The energy to which we have addiction is electricity and it CAN NOT BE STORED By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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What about solutions?

• Certainly there are solutions! –To find solution time management is essential, because to device a solution, we will need energy.

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number ONE • Bio mass: Using garbage of vegetation methane can be obtained which can directly used to produce heat or light. • Vegetation and wood can be burned directly to generate energy, like fossil fuels, or processed to form alcohols. • Vegetable oil can also be transesterified to make biodiesel, which burns like normal diesel. • Agriculture has the potential to produce far more vegetable oil per acre than current plants • Current production methods would require enormous amounts of land to replace all petrol products and diesel. With current technology, it is not feasible for bio fuel to replace the demand for petroleum • Interest of big multinational companies to stop bio fuels By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number TWO

• Wind Power: This power was most useful at earlier days during sailing or to run a mill. • Its installation charge is more but latter on there are very less maintenance charges • We get directly the motion which can be converted into electric power using generator. • For local energy problems like grinding, water pump, few machines it can be used directly. By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number TWO

• Wind Power: Instead Offshore Wind Turbines of conventional wind power one can have  Winds blow more than windtwice towers on sea as fast at a few shower or in meters sea. hundred 



offshore compared to when at land The power output of a turbine is a function of the cube of the wind speed They are built in waters of up to about 40 meters deep

Hansel Dy ... 5 BS ECE ... CE 195.1

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number THREE • Tidal Power: The waves in sea is continuous source of energy a turbine can be rotated by increased amount of water in a damp to produce electricity. • The motion of a turbine by a stroke of a wave can be converted into electricity

By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number Four • Geothermal power: The form is only available at certain geologically imbalance regions where tectonic plates are pushing each other. • Twin wells are drilled near hot rock region from one water is pushed in and steam comes from other to rotate turbine.

• Geothermal power stations are relatively small, and have a lesser impact on the environment because it does not rely on large bodies of water. • Some geothermal stations have created geological instability, even causing earthquakes strong enough to damage buildings By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number Five • Solar power from space:

This form of power may go directly to individual units without grid network. But - - By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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Solutions number Six • Power from micro- organisms: Similar to plants microorganisms can also prepare their food from sun light and CO2. These microorganism may be linked with either silicon or suitable material so this pack will act as portable cell which can directly turn solar power into electrical one. This source is expected future source of energy. • The technology may be extended to join this chloroplast generator with human genome to make human self sufficient of energy. By : Nitin Oke “ Yaa” Jatharpeth Road Akola

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