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EMRGENCY DRUGS
Submitted by: Fernandez, Ana Maria Francesca M. RLE group B7
Name of Drug
AMIODARONE
Classification
Antiarrythmic agent, class III
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
class III antiarrythmic agent which inhibits adrenergic stimulation, prolongs the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue; decreases A-Y conduction and sinus node function. Hypotension, nausea and vomiting, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, edema, flushing, myocardial depression, proarrythmia
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to amiodarone; severe sinus node dysfunction, second and third degree A-V block, marked sinus bradycardia except if pacemaker is placed, pregnancy and lactation
Name of Drug
ATROPINE SULFATE
Classification
Anticholinergic agent, opthalmic
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and the CNS; increases cardiac output, dries secretions, antagonizes histamine and serotonin Dry, hot skin, constipation, dry throat, impaired GI function, irritation at injection site, dry nose, diaphoresis
Observe for tachycardia if patient has cardiac problems
Hypersensitivity to atropine sulfate or any component. Tachycardia, thyrotoxicosis,; obstructive disease of the GI tract, obstructive uropathy
AMINOPHYLLINE Name of Drug
antiasthmatic Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
Releases tissue stores of epinephrine and thereby produces and alpha-3 beta adrenergic stimulation
GI disturbance, visual disorders, insomnia, headache, anxiety, confusion, restlessness, hypersensitivity to aminophylline, and other component Should be administered with water 1 hour or 2 hours after meals. Use cautiously in patients with peptic ulcer
Patients with myocardial infarction ContraIndications
CALCIUM GLUCONATE Name of Drug
Calcium salt; electrolyte replacement Classification
Mechanism of action
When used to prevent or treat negative calcium balance, the calcium in calcium slats moderates nerve and muscular performance and allows normal cardiac function
Adverse effects
Abdominal pain, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, coma, constipation, decrease serum magnesium, elevated serum amylase, erythema, hyperglycemia, hyperclaciuria, hypotension, lethargy
Nursing precautions
Do not infuse calcium gluconate solutions in the same IV line as phosphate-containing solutions
ContraIndications
In ventricular fibrillation during cardiac resuscitation; patients who are at risk for digitalis toxicity, renal or cardiac disease, hypercalcemia, renal calculi
CAPTOPRIL Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, antihypertensive
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes and increase in plasma rennin activit Competitive inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes and increase in plasma rennin activity and a reduction in aldosterone secretion Hypotension,tachycardia, chest pain, palpitation, rash, pruritus, hyperkalemia, proteinuria, cough
Nursing precautions
Watch for hypotensive effects within 1 to 3 hours of first dose or new higher dose
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to captopril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component
CHLORPROMAZINE Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Antiemetic, antipsychotic agent; phenothiazine derivative
Blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain exhibits a strong alpha adrenergic blocking effect and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones Dizziness,postural hypotension, tachycardia, akathisia, drowsiness, neuroleptic malignancy syndrome, dermatitis, skin pigmentation.
Nursing precautions
Avoid contact of oral solution or injection with skin (contact dermatitis)
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to chlorpromazine hydrochloride or any component
DEXTRAN Name of Drug
Plasma Volume Expander, Colloid Classification
Mechanism of action
Produces plasma volume expansion by virtue of its highly colloidal starch structure, similar to albumin
Adverse effects
Anaphylaxis, fever, mild hypotension, nasal congestion, nausea, tightness of chest, urticaria, vomiting, wheezing
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Patient should be well hydrated as the start of the therapy; discontinue dextran if urine specific gravity is low, if there is a precipitious rise in CVP or sign of circulatory overlaod Hypersensitivity to dextran or any other components
DIAZEPAM Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Antianxiety agent; anticonvulsant, sedative; benzodiazepine
Depresses all levels of the CNS, including the limbic and the reticular formation, probably through the increased action of GABA which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain Cardiac arrest, cardiovascular collapse, chest pain, tachycardia, amnesia, anxiety, depression, drowsiness, fatigue, headache and insomnia.
Nursing precautions
Provide safety measures example raise side rails, night light and supervise ambulation.
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to diazepam or any component
DIGOXIN Name of Drug
Antiarrhythmic agent Classification
Mechanism of action
CHF: inhibits of sodium or potassium atpase pump with acts to increase the intracellular calcium exchange to increase intracellular calcium leading to increase contractility
Adverse effects
Heart block, tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, prostaglandin segment depression, visual disturbances, headache
Nursing precautions
Observe patients for noncardiac signs of toxicity example anorexia, visual changes, confusion, and depression
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to digoxin or any other components. Constricting pericarditis
DIPHENYL HYDRamine Name of Drug
Antihistamine Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Hi receptor antagonist and antihistamine with significant anticholinergic activity
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, dry nose, dysuria, sensation of tightness of chest
Nursing precautions
Monitor carotid vascular status, monitor for adverse effects
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to antihistamine of similar structure
DOBUTAMINE Name of Drug
Adrenergic agonist agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors, causing increased contractility and heart rate with little effect on beta 2 or alpha receptors
Adverse effects
Angina chest pain, ectopic heart beats, hypertension, increase heart rate, tachycardia
Nursing precautions
Inject a small amount of this dilution into extravasion area, blanching should reverse immediately, monitor site.
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to sulfites, patients with idiopathic hypertropic subartic stenosis
Name of Drug
DOPAMINE
Classification
Adrenergic antagonist agent
Mechanism of action
Stimulates both adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors lower doses are mainly dopaminergic stimulating and produce renal and mesenteric vasodilation
Adverse effects
Cardiac conduction abnormalities, ectopic heartbeats, hypotension, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, ventricular arrythmias
Nursing precautions
Due to short half life, withdrawal of drug is often only necessary treatment. Use phentolamine as antidote
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to sulfites, pheochromocytoma or ventricular fibrillation
EPINEPHRINE Name of Drug
Adrenergic agonist agent, antidote Classification
Mechanism of action
Stimulates alpha, beta and beta 2 adrenergic receptors resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchial tree, cardiac stimulation. And dilation in muscle vusculature (skeletal)
Adverse effects
Pounding heart beat, tachycardia, nervousness, restlessness, flushing, hypertension, dizziness
Nursing precautions
Patients should be cautioned to avoid the use of over the counter epinephrine inhalation products
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to epinephrine or any other component, cardiac arrhythmias, angle closure glaucoma
Name of Drug
FUROSEMIDE
Antihypersensitive agent; diuretic Classification
Mechanism of action
Inhibits reabsoprtion of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of henle and distal renal tubule, interfering with the chloride binding transport system
Adverse effects
Acute hypotension, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, restlessness
Nursing precautions
Observe patient relieving, monitor vital signs. Observe abuse closely
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to furosemide, any component other sulfonamide.
HYDRALAZINE Name of Drug
Antihypertensive Classification
Mechanism of action
A direct acting vasodilator that mainly relieves arterial smooth muscle
Adverse effects
Neuritis, headache, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, edema, nasal congestion
Monitor vital signs closely Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Hypersentivie to hydralazine and any other component
HYDROCORTISONE Name of Drug
Corticosteroids Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Decrease inflammation mainly by sterilizing leukocyte lysosomal membranes, suppresses immune response, stimulates bone marrow and influences protein, fats, and CHO metabolism Seizures, heart failure, arrhythmias, glaucoma, cataracts
Nursing precautions
Determine whether patient is sensitive to other corticosteroids. Use with caution with patient recent myocardial infarction
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone and any other component. Premature infants, fungal infections.
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Name of Drug
Antianginals Classification
Mechanism of action
Thought to reduce cardiac demand by decrease blood flow through the collateral coronary vessels
Adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, weakness, tachycardia, burning sensation
Nursing precautions
Monitor BP and intensity and duration to drug
ContraIndications
Hypertension, ventricular filling pressure, hypersensitivity to isosorbide dinitrate
MAGNESIUM SULFATE Name of Drug
Anticonvulsant Classification
Mechanism of action
May decrease acetylcholine reduced nerve impulses but its anticonvulsant, mechanism is unknown.
Drowsiness, depression, hypotension Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
Watch for signs of seizure, monitor patient’s reaction/consciousness
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to magnesium sulfate and any other
Lidocaine Name of Drug
Antiarrhythmic (local anesthesia) Classification
Mechanism of action
Effects on myocardial contractility and intraventricular completion, cardiac output and adrenal treasure in ebuvalent doses
Adverse effects
Drowsiness, lightheadedness, restlessness, bradycardia, dizziness
Nursing precautions
Stop immediately infusion if ECG shows excessive cardiac depression
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to lidocaine and any other component.
Metoclopromide Name of Drug
Antiemetics Classification
Mechanism of action
Stimulates motility upper GI tract increase lower esophagus sphincter.
Adverse effects
Dizziness, anxiety, transient hypotension, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea
Monitor bowel sounds Nursing precautions
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to metoclopromide and any other component.
Midazolam Name of Drug
Anxiolytics Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
May depress CNS at the limbic and submitted levels of the brain by potentiating the effects of GABA.
Headache, drowsiness, variations of BP and pulse, nausea and vomiting
(may be) it is a short acting benzodiazepine; pezovary occurs within 2 hours in the most patients may require 6 hours in some cases
Hypersensitivity to midazolam and any other component
Nalbuphine Name of Drug
Narcotic and opoiod analgesic Classification
Mechanism of action
Binds with receptors in the CNS, altering both receptors
Adverse effects
Headache, sedation, dizziness, vertigo, depression
Nursing precautions
Contraindications
Reassess level of pain at least 15 minutes for parenteral administration monitor circulatory status and bladder and bowel function
Hypersensitivity to nalbuphine and any other component
Tramadol Hydrochloride Name of Drug
Narcotic and analgesic Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
A centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound not chemically related to drug is thought to bind to opoiod receptors and inhibit recep take of norepinephrine and serotonin Dizziness, vertigo, headache, vasodilation of CV, nausea, vomiting, constipation
Nursing precautions
Monitor CV and respiratory status, monitor patient for drug dependence, monitor patient at risk for seizures
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to tramadol or other opoiods and IM those with acute intoxication from alcohol
Phenobarbital Name of Drug
Anticonvulsant agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Depresses, interferes with transmission of impulses from the thalamus in an imbalance in control inhibitory and facilatatory mechanism
Drowsiness, lethargy, bradycardia Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Parenteral solutions are highly alkaline, avoid extravasation, institute safety treasures, observe excessive sedation and respi depression
Hypersensitivity to barbiturates and in those with history of manifestations by the patient
Nitroglycerine Patch Name of Drug
Antianginal agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Reduce cardial oxygen demand by decreasing left ventricular pressure and systemic vascular resistance, dilates coronary arteries and improves collateral floxy to ischemic regions Headache, hypotension. Increase angina, lightheadedness, syncope, pallor, restlessness
IV must be prepared in glass bottles and use special sets intended for nitroglycerine, transdermal patches labeled as MG/hour, do not crush sublingual drug product
Hypersensitivity to nitroglycerine or any component.
Mannitol Name of Drug
Diuretics Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
An osmotic diuretic that increase osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate inhibiting tubular reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes.
Seizures, dizziness, headache, edema, blurred, vision, rhinitis
Avoid extraevasation, cremation and agglutimation of RBC may occur if administered with whole blood
Hypersensitivity to mannitol and any other components
Phytonadione (vit. K) Name of Drug
Vitamin, fat soluble Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Promotes liver synthesis of clothing factors, more rapid and prolonged effect than menadione, menadiol sodium diphosphate
Dizziness, flushing, transient hypertension after IV administration
Check drug labels prior to administration analgesic reaction may occur after few minutes
Hypersensitivity to phytonadione and any other component
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE Name of Drug
Electrolytes and replacement solutions Classification
Replaces potassium and maintain potassium levels Mechanism of action
Paresthesia of limbs, flaccid, paralysis, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
Wax matrix tablets must be swallowed and not allowed to dissolve in mouth
Severe renal impairment, oliguria ContraIndications
PROTAMINE SULFATE Name of Drug
Antidote Classification
Mechanism of action
Purified mixture of simple, low molecular weight protein abstain in sperm or testes of the suitable fish species
Adverse effects
Abrupt drop in BP, bradycardia, urticaria, angle edema, pulmonary edema
Nursing precautions
Do not use protamine if only minor bleeding. Monitor BP and pulse every 5-15 minutes
ContraIndications
Hemorrhage not induced by heparin overdose, pregnancy category C
TRANEXAMIC ACID Name of Drug
Antihemophillic agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Forms a reversible complex that displaces plasminogen from fibrin resulting in inhibition of fibrinolysis; it also inhibits the proteolytic activity of plasmin
Adverse effects
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, thrombosis, blurred vision
Nursing precautions
Dosage modification required in patients with renal impairment
ContraIndications
Acquired defective colored vision, active intravascular clotting
SALBUTAMOL Name of Drug
Bronchodilator Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta 2 receptors with little effects on heart rate, because salbutamol and locally in the lung. Therapeutic effect is not predicted by plasma levels Fever, nervousness, restlessness, headache, insomnia, seizures, flushing
Give extended release tablets, patients with gastrointestinal narrowing, monitor heart rate closely
Hypersensitivity to salbutamol, adrenergic amines or any ingredients
VERAPAMIL Name of Drug
Antianginal, antiarrythmic agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select sensitive area of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium
Adverse effects
Gingival hyperplasia, bradycardia, peripheral edema, severe tachycardia, dizziness, fatigue
Do not crush sustained release drug product Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Sinus bradycardia, advanced heart block, ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock
TERBUTALINE Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Beta 2 adrenergic antagonist agent; bronchodilator
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta 2 receptors with less effect on heart rate.
Nervousness, restlessness, trembling, hypertension, tachycardia, dizziness, drowsiness, headache
Nursing precautions
Assess vital signs, monitor adverse effect and monitor symptoms
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to terbuatline or any component
EMRGENCY DRUGS
Submitted by: Fernandez, Ana Maria Francesca M. RLE group B7
Name of Drug
AMIODARONE
Classification
Antiarrythmic agent, class III
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
class III antiarrythmic agent which inhibits adrenergic stimulation, prolongs the action potential and refractory period in myocardial tissue; decreases A-Y conduction and sinus node function. Hypotension, nausea and vomiting, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, edema, flushing, myocardial depression, proarrythmia
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to amiodarone; severe sinus node dysfunction, second and third degree A-V block, marked sinus bradycardia except if pacemaker is placed, pregnancy and lactation
Name of Drug
ATROPINE SULFATE
Classification
Anticholinergic agent, opthalmic
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Blocks the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, secretory glands and the CNS; increases cardiac output, dries secretions, antagonizes histamine and serotonin Dry, hot skin, constipation, dry throat, impaired GI function, irritation at injection site, dry nose, diaphoresis
Observe for tachycardia if patient has cardiac problems
Hypersensitivity to atropine sulfate or any component. Tachycardia, thyrotoxicosis,; obstructive disease of the GI tract, obstructive uropathy
AMINOPHYLLINE Name of Drug
antiasthmatic Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
Releases tissue stores of epinephrine and thereby produces and alpha-3 beta adrenergic stimulation
GI disturbance, visual disorders, insomnia, headache, anxiety, confusion, restlessness, hypersensitivity to aminophylline, and other component Should be administered with water 1 hour or 2 hours after meals. Use cautiously in patients with peptic ulcer
Patients with myocardial infarction ContraIndications
CALCIUM GLUCONATE Name of Drug
Calcium salt; electrolyte replacement Classification
Mechanism of action
When used to prevent or treat negative calcium balance, the calcium in calcium slats moderates nerve and muscular performance and allows normal cardiac function
Adverse effects
Abdominal pain, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, coma, constipation, decrease serum magnesium, elevated serum amylase, erythema, hyperglycemia, hyperclaciuria, hypotension, lethargy
Nursing precautions
Do not infuse calcium gluconate solutions in the same IV line as phosphate-containing solutions
ContraIndications
In ventricular fibrillation during cardiac resuscitation; patients who are at risk for digitalis toxicity, renal or cardiac disease, hypercalcemia, renal calculi
CAPTOPRIL Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, antihypertensive
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes and increase in plasma rennin activit Competitive inhibitor of angiotensinconverting enzyme prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes and increase in plasma rennin activity and a reduction in aldosterone secretion Hypotension,tachycardia, chest pain, palpitation, rash, pruritus, hyperkalemia, proteinuria, cough
Nursing precautions
Watch for hypotensive effects within 1 to 3 hours of first dose or new higher dose
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to captopril, other ACE inhibitors, or any component
CHLORPROMAZINE Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Antiemetic, antipsychotic agent; phenothiazine derivative
Blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain exhibits a strong alpha adrenergic blocking effect and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones Dizziness,postural hypotension, tachycardia, akathisia, drowsiness, neuroleptic malignancy syndrome, dermatitis, skin pigmentation.
Nursing precautions
Avoid contact of oral solution or injection with skin (contact dermatitis)
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to chlorpromazine hydrochloride or any component
DEXTRAN Name of Drug
Plasma Volume Expander, Colloid Classification
Mechanism of action
Produces plasma volume expansion by virtue of its highly colloidal starch structure, similar to albumin
Adverse effects
Anaphylaxis, fever, mild hypotension, nasal congestion, nausea, tightness of chest, urticaria, vomiting, wheezing
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Patient should be well hydrated as the start of the therapy; discontinue dextran if urine specific gravity is low, if there is a precipitious rise in CVP or sign of circulatory overlaod Hypersensitivity to dextran or any other components
DIAZEPAM Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Antianxiety agent; anticonvulsant, sedative; benzodiazepine
Depresses all levels of the CNS, including the limbic and the reticular formation, probably through the increased action of GABA which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain Cardiac arrest, cardiovascular collapse, chest pain, tachycardia, amnesia, anxiety, depression, drowsiness, fatigue, headache and insomnia.
Nursing precautions
Provide safety measures example raise side rails, night light and supervise ambulation.
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to diazepam or any component
DIGOXIN Name of Drug
Antiarrhythmic agent Classification
Mechanism of action
CHF: inhibits of sodium or potassium atpase pump with acts to increase the intracellular calcium exchange to increase intracellular calcium leading to increase contractility
Adverse effects
Heart block, tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, prostaglandin segment depression, visual disturbances, headache
Nursing precautions
Observe patients for noncardiac signs of toxicity example anorexia, visual changes, confusion, and depression
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to digoxin or any other components. Constricting pericarditis
DIPHENYL HYDRamine Name of Drug
Antihistamine Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Hi receptor antagonist and antihistamine with significant anticholinergic activity
Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, fatigue, dry nose, dysuria, sensation of tightness of chest
Nursing precautions
Monitor carotid vascular status, monitor for adverse effects
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to antihistamine of similar structure
DOBUTAMINE Name of Drug
Adrenergic agonist agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors, causing increased contractility and heart rate with little effect on beta 2 or alpha receptors
Adverse effects
Angina chest pain, ectopic heart beats, hypertension, increase heart rate, tachycardia
Nursing precautions
Inject a small amount of this dilution into extravasion area, blanching should reverse immediately, monitor site.
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to sulfites, patients with idiopathic hypertropic subartic stenosis
Name of Drug
DOPAMINE
Classification
Adrenergic antagonist agent
Mechanism of action
Stimulates both adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors lower doses are mainly dopaminergic stimulating and produce renal and mesenteric vasodilation
Adverse effects
Cardiac conduction abnormalities, ectopic heartbeats, hypotension, tachycardia, vasoconstriction, ventricular arrythmias
Nursing precautions
Due to short half life, withdrawal of drug is often only necessary treatment. Use phentolamine as antidote
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to sulfites, pheochromocytoma or ventricular fibrillation
EPINEPHRINE Name of Drug
Adrenergic agonist agent, antidote Classification
Mechanism of action
Stimulates alpha, beta and beta 2 adrenergic receptors resulting in relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchial tree, cardiac stimulation. And dilation in muscle vusculature (skeletal)
Adverse effects
Pounding heart beat, tachycardia, nervousness, restlessness, flushing, hypertension, dizziness
Nursing precautions
Patients should be cautioned to avoid the use of over the counter epinephrine inhalation products
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to epinephrine or any other component, cardiac arrhythmias, angle closure glaucoma
Name of Drug
FUROSEMIDE
Antihypersensitive agent; diuretic Classification
Mechanism of action
Inhibits reabsoprtion of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of henle and distal renal tubule, interfering with the chloride binding transport system
Adverse effects
Acute hypotension, blurred vision, dizziness, headache, lightheadedness, restlessness
Nursing precautions
Observe patient relieving, monitor vital signs. Observe abuse closely
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to furosemide, any component other sulfonamide.
HYDRALAZINE Name of Drug
Antihypertensive Classification
Mechanism of action
A direct acting vasodilator that mainly relieves arterial smooth muscle
Adverse effects
Neuritis, headache, dizziness, hypotension, tachycardia, edema, nasal congestion
Monitor vital signs closely Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Hypersentivie to hydralazine and any other component
HYDROCORTISONE Name of Drug
Corticosteroids Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Decrease inflammation mainly by sterilizing leukocyte lysosomal membranes, suppresses immune response, stimulates bone marrow and influences protein, fats, and CHO metabolism Seizures, heart failure, arrhythmias, glaucoma, cataracts
Nursing precautions
Determine whether patient is sensitive to other corticosteroids. Use with caution with patient recent myocardial infarction
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone and any other component. Premature infants, fungal infections.
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Name of Drug
Antianginals Classification
Mechanism of action
Thought to reduce cardiac demand by decrease blood flow through the collateral coronary vessels
Adverse effects
Headache, dizziness, weakness, tachycardia, burning sensation
Nursing precautions
Monitor BP and intensity and duration to drug
ContraIndications
Hypertension, ventricular filling pressure, hypersensitivity to isosorbide dinitrate
MAGNESIUM SULFATE Name of Drug
Anticonvulsant Classification
Mechanism of action
May decrease acetylcholine reduced nerve impulses but its anticonvulsant, mechanism is unknown.
Drowsiness, depression, hypotension Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
Watch for signs of seizure, monitor patient’s reaction/consciousness
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to magnesium sulfate and any other
Lidocaine Name of Drug
Antiarrhythmic (local anesthesia) Classification
Mechanism of action
Effects on myocardial contractility and intraventricular completion, cardiac output and adrenal treasure in ebuvalent doses
Adverse effects
Drowsiness, lightheadedness, restlessness, bradycardia, dizziness
Nursing precautions
Stop immediately infusion if ECG shows excessive cardiac depression
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to lidocaine and any other component.
Metoclopromide Name of Drug
Antiemetics Classification
Mechanism of action
Stimulates motility upper GI tract increase lower esophagus sphincter.
Adverse effects
Dizziness, anxiety, transient hypotension, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea
Monitor bowel sounds Nursing precautions
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to metoclopromide and any other component.
Midazolam Name of Drug
Anxiolytics Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
May depress CNS at the limbic and submitted levels of the brain by potentiating the effects of GABA.
Headache, drowsiness, variations of BP and pulse, nausea and vomiting
(may be) it is a short acting benzodiazepine; pezovary occurs within 2 hours in the most patients may require 6 hours in some cases
Hypersensitivity to midazolam and any other component
Nalbuphine Name of Drug
Narcotic and opoiod analgesic Classification
Mechanism of action
Binds with receptors in the CNS, altering both receptors
Adverse effects
Headache, sedation, dizziness, vertigo, depression
Nursing precautions
Contraindications
Reassess level of pain at least 15 minutes for parenteral administration monitor circulatory status and bladder and bowel function
Hypersensitivity to nalbuphine and any other component
Tramadol Hydrochloride Name of Drug
Narcotic and analgesic Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
A centrally acting synthetic analgesic compound not chemically related to drug is thought to bind to opoiod receptors and inhibit recep take of norepinephrine and serotonin Dizziness, vertigo, headache, vasodilation of CV, nausea, vomiting, constipation
Nursing precautions
Monitor CV and respiratory status, monitor patient for drug dependence, monitor patient at risk for seizures
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to tramadol or other opoiods and IM those with acute intoxication from alcohol
Phenobarbital Name of Drug
Anticonvulsant agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Depresses, interferes with transmission of impulses from the thalamus in an imbalance in control inhibitory and facilatatory mechanism
Drowsiness, lethargy, bradycardia Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Parenteral solutions are highly alkaline, avoid extravasation, institute safety treasures, observe excessive sedation and respi depression
Hypersensitivity to barbiturates and in those with history of manifestations by the patient
Nitroglycerine Patch Name of Drug
Antianginal agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Reduce cardial oxygen demand by decreasing left ventricular pressure and systemic vascular resistance, dilates coronary arteries and improves collateral floxy to ischemic regions Headache, hypotension. Increase angina, lightheadedness, syncope, pallor, restlessness
IV must be prepared in glass bottles and use special sets intended for nitroglycerine, transdermal patches labeled as MG/hour, do not crush sublingual drug product
Hypersensitivity to nitroglycerine or any component.
Mannitol Name of Drug
Diuretics Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
An osmotic diuretic that increase osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate inhibiting tubular reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes.
Seizures, dizziness, headache, edema, blurred, vision, rhinitis
Avoid extraevasation, cremation and agglutimation of RBC may occur if administered with whole blood
Hypersensitivity to mannitol and any other components
Phytonadione (vit. K) Name of Drug
Vitamin, fat soluble Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Promotes liver synthesis of clothing factors, more rapid and prolonged effect than menadione, menadiol sodium diphosphate
Dizziness, flushing, transient hypertension after IV administration
Check drug labels prior to administration analgesic reaction may occur after few minutes
Hypersensitivity to phytonadione and any other component
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE Name of Drug
Electrolytes and replacement solutions Classification
Replaces potassium and maintain potassium levels Mechanism of action
Paresthesia of limbs, flaccid, paralysis, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
Wax matrix tablets must be swallowed and not allowed to dissolve in mouth
Severe renal impairment, oliguria ContraIndications
PROTAMINE SULFATE Name of Drug
Antidote Classification
Mechanism of action
Purified mixture of simple, low molecular weight protein abstain in sperm or testes of the suitable fish species
Adverse effects
Abrupt drop in BP, bradycardia, urticaria, angle edema, pulmonary edema
Nursing precautions
Do not use protamine if only minor bleeding. Monitor BP and pulse every 5-15 minutes
ContraIndications
Hemorrhage not induced by heparin overdose, pregnancy category C
TRANEXAMIC ACID Name of Drug
Antihemophillic agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Forms a reversible complex that displaces plasminogen from fibrin resulting in inhibition of fibrinolysis; it also inhibits the proteolytic activity of plasmin
Adverse effects
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, thrombosis, blurred vision
Nursing precautions
Dosage modification required in patients with renal impairment
ContraIndications
Acquired defective colored vision, active intravascular clotting
SALBUTAMOL Name of Drug
Bronchodilator Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by selective action on beta 2 receptors with little effects on heart rate, because salbutamol and locally in the lung. Therapeutic effect is not predicted by plasma levels Fever, nervousness, restlessness, headache, insomnia, seizures, flushing
Give extended release tablets, patients with gastrointestinal narrowing, monitor heart rate closely
Hypersensitivity to salbutamol, adrenergic amines or any ingredients
VERAPAMIL Name of Drug
Antianginal, antiarrythmic agent Classification
Mechanism of action
Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select sensitive area of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium
Adverse effects
Gingival hyperplasia, bradycardia, peripheral edema, severe tachycardia, dizziness, fatigue
Do not crush sustained release drug product Nursing precautions
ContraIndications
Sinus bradycardia, advanced heart block, ventricular tachycardia, cardiogenic shock
TERBUTALINE Name of Drug
Classification
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects
Beta 2 adrenergic antagonist agent; bronchodilator
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by action on beta 2 receptors with less effect on heart rate.
Nervousness, restlessness, trembling, hypertension, tachycardia, dizziness, drowsiness, headache
Nursing precautions
Assess vital signs, monitor adverse effect and monitor symptoms
ContraIndications
Hypersensitivity to terbuatline or any component
